Hole's Anatomy and Physiology

1. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 10 Lecture PowerPoint

2. 2401 Anatomy and Physiology I Chapter 10 Susan Gossett [email_address] Department of Biology Paris Junior College

3. Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Twelfth Edition Shier  Butler  Lewis Chapter 10 Nervous System I: Basic Structure and Function Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

7. Divisions Nervous System Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sensory division Sensory receptors Motor division Skeletal muscle Brain (a) (b) Spinal cord Spinal nerves Cranial nerves Central Nervous System (brain and spinal cord) Peripheral Nervous System (cranial and spinal nerves) Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle Glands Autonomic Nervous System Somatic Nervous System

8. 10.1 Clinical Application Migraine

12. Neuron Structure Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Cell body Neurofibrils Nucleus Nucleolus Dendrites Impulse Nodes of Ranvier Myelin (cut) Axon Axon Chromatophilic substance (Nissl bodies) Axonal hillock Portion of a collateral Schwann cell Nucleus of Schwann cell Synaptic knob of axon terminal

14. 10.2 Clinical Application Multiple Sclerosis

20. Types of Neuroglial Cells Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Microglial cell Axon Oligodendrocyte Astrocyte Capillary Neuron Myelin sheath (cut) Node of Ranvier Ependymal cell Fluid-filled cavity of the brain or spinal cord

21. Regeneration of A Nerve Axon Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Axon Site of injury Schwann cells (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Changes over time Motor neuron cell body Former connection reestablished Schwann cells proliferate Schwann cells degenerate Proximal end of injured axon regenerates into tube of sheath cells Distal portion of axon degenerates Skeletal muscle fiber

29. Local Potential Changes Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. – 62 mV Na + Na + Neurotransmitter (a) – 55 mV Na + Na + Na + Na + Na + Trigger zone (axon hillock) (b) Chemically-gated Na + channel Presynaptic neuron Voltage-gated Na + channel

31. Action Potentials Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Milliseconds 1 0 0 +20 +40 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Membrane potential (millivolts) Action potential Hyperpolarization – 40 – 20 – 60 – 80 Resting potential Resting potential reestablished

32. Action Potentials Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. (a) Direction of nerve impulse + + + + + – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (b) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (c) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Region of action potential

35. Impulse Conduction

36. 10.3 Clinical Application Factors Affecting Impulse Conduction

40. Neurotransmitters

41. Neurotransmitters

43. 10.4 Clinical Application Opiates in the Human Body

51. Quiz 10 Complete Quiz 10 now! Read Chapter 11.