automobile

1. DIFFERENTIAL

3. CAGE

4. Differential Overview
• When turning, the inner and outer wheels have arcs of
different turning radii
• Consequently, the inner wheels travel less distance than
the outer wheels

6. Different Types of Differentials
1. Open Differential
2. Limited Slip Differential (LSD)
– Clutch LSD
– Viscous Coupling LSD
– Locking LSD
– Torsen LSD
Note :-
Differential lock (mechanical lock)
Non-slip differential
Open Differential Clutch LSD
Locking LSD Torsen LSD

7. Open Differential
or
conventional Differential

8. Open Differential or conventional Differential

9. Open Differential
• The number of teeth on the ring gear and sun gear
are equal and the planetary gear formula is
simplified
• The angular velocity of the differential is equal to
the average angular velocity of the axles
2
,1 sr
c
r
s
cs
cr
r
s
therefore
N
N
N
N
ωω
ω
ωω
ωω
+
==
−
−
=−

10. Open Differential Problems
• As a result, if one wheel has
little friction there is no
resistance to its rotation and
slipping occurs.
• The slipping wheel will spin
twice as fast as the
differential.
Left rear tire
slipping on sandy
surface

11. LIMITED SLIP DIFFERENTIAL
LSD

12. LIMITED SLIP DIFFERENTIAL
• A limited-slip differential (LSD) is a type of
automotive differential gear arrangement that allows
for some difference in angular velocity of the output
shafts.
• The main advantage of a limited-slip differential is
demonstrated by considering the case of a standard (or
"open") differential in off-roading or snow situations
where one wheel begins to slip or lose contact with the
ground

13. Several types of LSD are commonly used
1. Clutch LSD
2. Viscous Coupling LSD
3. Locking LSD
4. Torsen LSD
Fixed value
Torque sensitive
Speed sensitive
Electronically controlled
BASED ON

14. Clutch LSD

16. Viscous Coupling LSD
Viscous couplings are used as the center differential in some four-wheel
drive (4WD) vehicles.

17. Locking LSD OR Differential lock

19. The Torsen Differential
• The Torsen Differential is
capable of perfect
differentiation.
• The Torsen Differential
transfers power to the wheels
with traction.
Torque transferred to
wheel with traction

20. How the Torsen Differential Works
• Power is transferred from
the engine to the differential
housing causing the housing
to turn.
• Power flows from the
housing to the worm wheels
attached to the housing.
• The worm wheels are
meshed with the worm
gears attached to the axles
which turns the axle with
the differential housing.

21. Application of Torsen Differentials
• Torsen differentials are used
in off-road and high
performance all-wheel drive
vehicles.
• Torsens can also be handy
on icy or dirt roads.

22. Automobile Companies Using the Torsen
Differential
– AM General
– Audi
– BMW
– Ford
– GM
– More specific details at
http://www.torsen.co
m/oem.htm
– Honda
– Lexus
– Land Rover
– Mazda
– Toyota
– Volkswagen

23. Companies Using Torsen Differential
• General Motors
– Camaro SS 1998
• AM General
– Hummer
• Audi
– A4 Quattro
• BMW
– Z3