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Hebrew literature ppt
- 1. HEBREW LITERATURE by: Shara May M. Anacay BSE - English
- 2. ETYMOLOGY Hebrew comes from Middle English word “EBREU” which comes from the Old French derived from the Latin word “HEBRAEUS”
- 3. WHO ARE THE HEBREWS? Hebrews were ancestors of Samaritan and Jew. Jews were the descendants of the Hebrews. Hebrews claim to be the descendants of Biblical Patriarch, Abraham.
- 4. WHAT COUNTRY DO THEY LIVE? Hebrews live in the Ancient Middle East. Around 1, 400 BC, they settled in Canaan(formerly known as Israel), the country of the Eastern coast Mediterranean Sea, the territory of modern Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. Hebrew is a member of the Canaanite group of Semitic languages.
- 5. WHAT DID THEIR BUILDING LOOK LIKE? Hebrews – lived in tents. - wealthier people live in the houses built in of sand dried mud bricks, the roof of the house was flat.
- 6. The church of the Hebrew was called Jerusalem Temple (the 1st temple was built by King Solomon) It was covered with gold (Jerusalem Temple)
- 7. WHAT DID THEY EAT? Hebrew food was similar to the food of other Mediterranean people. They ate homemade bread that the lady of the house would bake in the big clay (the yard, lentils, cheese, olives, and fresh fruits) Meat and fish were also available. The popular drink was wine.
- 8. WHAT DID THEY WEAR? Hebrews wear fringes(edge of garment) and tekhelet ribbon. Tekhelet was translated in the King James Version (KJV) to mean blue, however, it means violet in Hebrew, not blue. It looks like a Tyrian purple.
- 9. HEBREW LITERATURE It consists of ancient, medieval and modern writings in the Hebrew language. It is one of the primary forms of Jewish Literature. It was produced in many different parts of the world throughout the medieval and modern eras.
- 10. ANCIENT HEBREW LITERATURE Literature in Hebrew begins with the Oral Literature of the Leshon Hakodesh or the “Holy Language”. The most important work of Ancient Hebrew is the Hebrew Bible named Tanakh. Mishna – primary rabbinic codification of laws as derived from the torah. It was written in Mishnaic Hebrew.
- 11. MEDIEVAL HEBREW LITERATURE During the medieval period, the majority of Jewish and Hebrew was composed in Islamic North Africa, Spain, Palestine, and Middle East. Many works of medieval philosophical literature such as Maimonides Guide to the Perplexed and the Kuzari, as well as many works of fiction, were written in Judeo-Arabic.
- 12. MEDIEVAL HEBREW LITERATURE One work of fiction which was written in Hebrew was the “Fox Fables” by Berechiah ben Natronai ha-Nakdan, Hebrew fables which resemble Aesop’s fable.
- 13. MEDIEVAL HEBREW LITERATURE Much medieval Jewish poetry was written in Hebrew, including the liturgical Piyyutim in Palestine in the 7th and 8th centuries by Yose ben Yose, Yanai, and Eleazar Kalir. This litturgy was compiled in book from as “the siddur” by rabbis including Amram Gaon and Saadia Gaon.
- 14. MODERN HEBREW LITERATURE In addition to writing traditional rabbinic literature in Hebrew, MODERN Jews developed new forms of fiction, poetry, and essay writing which are called “Modern Hebrew Literature”.
- 15. 18TH CENTURY “La-Yesharim Tehillah” - it is an allegorical drama - 1st product of modern Hebrew Literature. - it was written by Moses Hayyim Luzatto
- 16. 18TH CENTURY Moses Mendelsshon’s translation of the Hebrew Bible into German inspired interest in the Hebrew language that led to the founding of a quarterly review written in Hebrew. “Shire Tif’eret” and “Mosiade” - poems made by Nephtali Hirz and Wessely .
- 17. 19TH CENTURY In the 19th century Galicia poets, scholars, and popular writers who contributed to the discrimination of Hebrew and to the emancipation of the Jews of Galicia.
- 18. 19TH CENTURY Joseph Perl - writer and educator - In 1819, he published Revealer of Secrets, the 1st Hebrew novel. Nachman Krochmal - a philosopher, theologian, and historian.
- 19. 19TH CENTURY Solomon Judah Loeb Rapoport - a rabbi, poet, and biographer. Isaac Erter - a satirical poet, whose collection of essays, “Ha-Tzofet le-Bet Yisrael, is one of the purest works of modern Hebrew Literature.
- 20. 19TH CENTURY Meir Halevy Letteris - a lyric poet. Julius Barasch - a notable Jewish author in Romania.
- 21. 20TH CENTURY Hayim Nahman Bialik - one of the pioneers of modern Hebrew poets. Yitzhaq Shami - novelist, Palestinian Jewish native of Hebron 2004 – he was recognized by Palestinian Academic Society as one of the important Palestinian writers.
- 22. 20TH CENTURY Leah Goldberg - prolific writer and pioneer of Israel Children’s Literature.
- 23. CONTEMPORARY HEBREW LITERATURE My Michael and Black box - novels by Amos Oz The Lover and Mr. Mani - by A.B Yehoshua Anton Shammas - Israel author who published the Hebrew novel “Arabesque”