Bulacan Polytechnic College San Rafael Campus First Semester S.Y. 2017 - 2018 Earth and Life Science Instructor: Ms. Ma. Irene G. Gonzales, LPT To all my TVL 12 and TVL 11 students, here is a copy of my presentation in Earth Science. You may click the DOWNLOAD button and PRINT the document for your personal copy. Thank you. Reference: Earth and Life Sciences Cengage Learning Philippine Edition Rex Book Store

1. Ms. Ma. Irene G. Gonzales, LPT

2. History of the Atoms inYour Body
▪By the time the universe was a few minutes old, the
protons, neutrons, electrons in our body had come into
existence.We are made of very old matter.

3. History of the Atoms inYour Body
▪The matter in the early universe was about 75%
hydrogen and 25% helium.
▪Although our body DOES NOT contain helium, it DOES
contain many of those ANCIENT hydrogen atoms
unchanged since the universe began.

4. Matter began to collect to form galaxies
containing billions of stars
Nuclear reactions inside stars are where low-mass atoms
(hydrogen) and are combined to make heavier atoms
Stars cooked the original particles and fused them into
atoms such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen
Calcium atoms in our bones are assembled inside stars

5. Massive stars produce iron in their cores
Iron is destroyed when the core collapses
Star explodes as supernova
Atoms heavier than iron such as gold, silver, and iodine
are created by rapid nuclear reactions that can only
occur during supernova explosions

6. Iodine, Silver and Gold are types of atoms which are part
of our life on Earth and they were made during the
violent deaths of massive stars long ago
Astronomers have a variety of evidence that the sun
formed from a cloud of gas and dust 5 billion years ago

7. Catastrophic hypothesis
▪Proposed that the planets formed from some
improbable event such as the collision of the sun
and another star
Evolutionary hypothesis
▪Proposed that the planets formed gradually and
naturally as the sun

8. Supposes that planets form in
the rotating disks of gas and
dust around young stars
When the sun became luminous
enough, the remaining gas and
dust were blown away into
space, leaving the planets
orbiting the sun

9.  SYSTEM
 any entity that consists of interrelated parts or
components
 EARTH SYSTEM
 relies on the interactions among a vast
combination of factors that enable to support
life

10.  SUBSYSTEMS
 functioning units of a
major system that
demonstrate strong
internal connections

11. 1) ATMOSPHERE
 gaseous blanket of air that envelops, shields,
and insulates Earth
2) HYDROSPHERE
 waters of Earth – oceans, lakes, rivers, and
glaciers

12. 3) LITHOSPHERE
 makes up the solid Earth – landforms, rocks,
soils, and minerals
4) BIOSPHERE
 all living things: people, animals, and plants

13. The interactions among the subsystems nurture
the conditions necessary for LIFE.

14. Hydrosphere and Biosphere
- water supply for life on Earth
- home environment for aquatic
plants and animals

16. Hydrosphere and Lithosphere
- water moving in streams,
waves, and currents shapes
landforms

18. Hydrosphere and Atmosphere
- evaporation, condensation,
and the effects of ocean
temperatures on climate

20. Biosphere and Hydrosphere
- water stored in plants and
animals

21. Atmosphere and Hydrosphere
- water in clouds

22. Soil
- typically contains minerals
(lithosphere), organisms
(biosphere), and water
(hydrosphere)

23. Earth system is dynamic and
continually responding to
changes.
Changes may be naturally
caused or human induced

25. The study of relationships
between organisms and their
environment.

27. A community of organisms and
the relationships of those
organisms to each other and to
their environment.

28. If a critical part of Earth is
significantly changed or fails to
operate properly, living
organisms may no longer be able
to survive.

29. Earth provides all the environment
constituents and conditions to
support life. The only external input
Earth requires is energy from the
sun.

30. Can be abused, wasted, or
exhausted, potentially threatening
Earth’s ability to support human life

32. Using more resources in a year than
their annual renewal, growth, or
replacement

33. Development that meets the need
of the present WITHOUT
compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own
needs

34. “We have the responsibility of
helping to maintain our present and
future habitat – the Earth System.”

35. Two-way relationships
Environment influences human
behavior and human affects the
environment

36. Natural Hazards
Human Impacts on the
Environment

37. Natural processes
Unusual intensity
Put environments and human life
or property at risk of damage or
destruction

38. Earthquake in
Batangas last
April 8, 2017

39. Tropical storm
Ondoy in 2009

40. Humans and their activities can
constitute a serious threat to the
environment

42. Pollution
Unhealthy environmental
contamination
Air, water, land areas which are
polluted can be unusable to life forms

45. Dead whale in Cavite (May 12, 2017)

47. Model
Representations of the real world
Useful simplification of a more
complex reality that permits
prediction

48. 1) Pictorial/Graphic Models
 Pictures, maps, graphs, drawings,
and computer-generated
visualizations

49. 2) Physical Models
 Solid three-dimensional
representations
 World globe, replica of a
mountain or stream

50. 3) Mathematical/Statistical
models
 Used to understand
processes and predict
possibilities such as river
floods or the influence of
climate change on daily
weather

51. 4) Conceptual models
 Mind imagery that we use for
understanding our surroundings and
experiences

52. 1) Clearly define the system.
2) Break the defined system down into
its component parts (variables).
3) Understand how these variables are
related to one another.

53. Inputs (from
environment)
• Energy
• Information
• Matter
Throughputs
(rates of flow)
• Human body
(inputs may
be stored for
different
lengths of
time)
Outputs (to
environment)
• Heat
• Ideas and
actions
• Waste and
pollution

54. The water cycle provides
examples of interactions
between energy and
matter, their storage in
the system, and the
processes involved.

55. 1) Open systems
 Involve the inputs and outputs of both energy
and matter (e.g., Earth subsystems)
2) Closed systems
 No substantial amount of matter crosses its
boundaries, although energy can go in and out (e.g.,
Earth)

57. Earth and Life Sciences
Kto12 Philippine Edition
Cengage Learning
Rex Book Store