2. Southeast University
Department Of Textile Engineering
I/A 251,252 Tejgaon Dhaka Bangladesh

3. Submitted By
Prepared By : Mazadul Hasan sheshir
ID: 2010000400008
13th Batch
Wet Processing Technology
Southeast University

4. Cotton
Molecular Structure:
It composed of linear macromolecules having in the chain at
least 85% by mass of acrylonitrile repeating units.

6. Physical Properties:
Luster: High
Tenacity (strength):Dry: 3.0-5.0 g/d
Wet: 3.3-6.0 g/d
Resiliency: low
Density: 1.54-1.56 g/cm³
Moisture absorption: 15-25%
Dimensional stability: Good
Chemical Properties:
Resistance to acids: Damage, weaken fibers
Resistance to alkali: No harmful effects
Resistance to organic solvents: High resistance
Resistance to sunlight: Prolonged exposure weakens fibers
Uses:
Shorts
Jackets
 pants.
Carpets

7. Silk
Molecular Structure
It Fibrous keratin molecules supercoil to form a very
stable, left-handed superhelical motif to multimerise,
forming filaments consisting of multiple copies of the
keratin monomer.

8. Physical Properties:
Tenacity:
Strong (linear, beta-configuration polymers)
Reflect light: At many angles
Moisture regain: 11%.
Elasticity: Moderate to poor:
Linear density: 1 denier.
Chemical Properties:
Effect of acids: Degraded more readily than wool
Effect of alkalis : To swell silk filament .
Effect of mineral acids: Resistance except for sulfuric acid
Effect of sunlight: The environment is not as good
Uses:
Ties
Formal dresses
High fashion clothes
Dress suits

9. Wool
Molecular Structure
It has been estimated that wool contains more
than170 different proteins. These are not uniformly
distributed throughout the fiber; proteins of
different structures are located in specific regions.

10. Properties:
Strength: Weakest.
Elasticity: 25 to 30 percent
Resilience: High
Absorbency: About 20 percent
Color/Luster: Dull grey
It is lightweight and versatile.
Wool does not wrinkle easily.
It is resistant to dirt and wear and tear.
Uses:
Sweaters
Dresses
Coats
Suits
Jackets
Pants
blankets
Carpets

11. Acrylic
Molecular Structure
Polyacrylonitrile
Acrylic copolymers
Fiber composed of linear macromolecules having in the
chain at least 85% by mass of acrylonitrile repeating
units.

12. Properties:
Moisture regain: 1.5-2% at 65%
 Tenacity:
dry state= 5 gpd
wet state=4-8 gpd
Breaking elongation: 15
Elastic recovery: 85% after 4% extension
Thermal stability: Good
Resistance to mineral acids: Good
 Resistance to weak alkalies: Fairly good.
Moths, Mildew and insects do not attack.
Uses:
Knit Jersey
Sweater
Blankets
Wrinkle resistant fabrics.
Pile and Fleece fabrics
Carpets

13. Aramid
Molecular Structure
Fiber composed of linear macromolecules made up of
aromatic groups joined by amide or imide linkages, at
least 85% of the amide imide linkages.

14. Physical Properties:
Thermal expansion: 2 -5 e-6/K
Thermal conductivity: 0.05 - 0.05 W/m.K
Specific heat: 1250 - 2900 J/kg.K
Density: 1390 - 1440 kg/m3
Friction coefficient: 0.4 - 0.5
Water absorption: 3.5 - 6.5%
Refraction index: 1.6 – 2
Mechanical Properties
Young's modulus: 58000 - 82000 Mpa
Tensile strength: 2800 - 3400 Mpa
Elongation: 3.3 - 3.7%
Compressive strength: 174 - 410 Mpa
Creep strength: 2520 - 3060 Mpa
Fatigue: 1750 - 2000 Mpa
Yield strength: 2800 - 3400 MPa
Uses:
Flame-resistant clothing
Heat protective clothing and helmets
Hot air filtration fabrics
Tires, newly as Sulfron (sulfur modified Twaron)
Rubber goods reinforcement

15. Introduce to myself
Sarker Md. Rafjan Sani
ID: 2010000400051
Batch: 13th –II
Dept. of Textile Engineering
Southeast University
My selected topics is chlorofiber &elastodiene
.

16. Chlorofiber
Molecular Structure
Poly (Vinyl chloride)
Fiber composed of linear macromolecules having in the
chain more than 50% by mass of vinyl chloride or
vinylidene chloride unites

17. Properties:
Long lasting antibacterial effectiveness
 Not wash out.
An easy care product.
comfort & coolness
Heat regulation & moisture transfer good.
Uses:
Bedding
Child care articles
Underwear
Lingerie
Socks
Hand knitting yarn

18. Elastodiene
Molecular Structure
Natural polyisoprene
Fiber composed of natural or synthetic polyisoprene, or
of one or more dienes polymerized with or without one
or more vinyl monomers

19. Properties:
Stretched: More than 500% without breaking
Stronger & more durable than rubber
Lightweight, soft, smooth
It comfort and fit, prevents bagging and sagging
Heat-settable
Dye able
Resistant to deterioration by body oils, perspiration
Abrasion resistant
Available in clear and opaque luster
Uses:
 Desired
 Hosiery
 Swimsuits
Aerobic/exercise wear
 Ski pants
 Golf jackets
 Disposable diaper
 Waist bands
Bra straps

20. Melamine
Molecular Structure
Melamine
Fiber composed of at least 50% by mass of cross-linked
macromolecules made up of melamine methylol
polycondensate

21. Properties: 
Average Diameter: 15 µm
Average Denier: 2.4 g/9000m
Specific Gravity: 1.4
Tensile Strength: 36 ksi
Tenacity: 2.0 g/den
Modulus: 1.0-55 Msi g/den
Elongation at Break: 11%
Moisture Regain (23°C, 65% RH): 5%
Shrinkage at 200°C (1hr exposure): <1%
Maximum Continuous Operating Temperature: 200°C
Melting Temperature: Does not melt or drip
Resistance to Mildew, Aging, and Sunlight: Excellent
Resistance to Solvents, Alkalis: Excellent
Uses:
Mattresses, Home Furnishings / Nonwovens
Specialty flame resistant papers
Firefighting apparel
Electrical papers
Transmission / friction papers
Filtration media
Engineered materials / Short-fiber composites
Adhesives / Fillers

22. Modacrylic
Molecular Structure
Acrylic copolymers
If X = H & Y = Cl: Poly (acrylonitrile or chloride)
IF X = Y = Cl: Poly (acrylonitrile or vinylidene chloride )
Fiber composed of linear macromolecules having in the
chain at least 50% & less than 85% by mass of
acrylonitrile

23. Physical Properties:
Chemistry: 35% acrylonitrile / 65% vinylidene chloride
Size: 3 denier x 51mm cut length.
Crimp Level: 3.8 crimps/cm
Moisture: 3.5% (typical)
Mechanical Properties
Strength: 2.6 cN/den (dry)
Elongation: 28% (dry)
Uses:
 Deep-pile coats
 Trims and linings
 Simulated fur
 Wigs
 Hair pieces
 Children's sleepwear
 Career apparel

24. Introduce to myself
Tofayel Ahmed
ID: 2010000400053
Batch: 13th –II
Dept. of Textile Engineering
Southeast University
My selected topics is polyaMide (NyloN) & polyester

25. Polyamide (Nylon)
Molecular Structure
Polyhexamethylene adipamide (Nylon 6,6)
Polycaproamide (Nylon
Fiber composed of linear macromolecules having in the
chain recurring amide linkages, at least 85% of which
are joined to aliphatic cyucloaliphatic units.

26. Properties:
Moisture Absorption: 4.2-4.5%
Specific Gravity: 1.14
Resilience: Excellent.
Abrasion Resistance: Excellent.
Effects of Acids, Alkalis, and Solvents:
Resistant to weak acids,
but decomposes in strong
mineral acids.
Dye Methods: Acid; some solution dyed.
Resistance to Mildew, Aging, Sunlight: Excellent resistance to mildew
and aging. Prolonged sunlight
can cause degradation.
Color Retention: Very good.
Stain Resistance: Poor (5th generation very good).
Stains/Soils Attracted to Fiber: Acid dyes, except for 5th generation.
Melt Point : Type6-435º F; Type6, 6-490º
Uses:
Blouses
 Dresses
Foundation garments
 Underwear,
Raincoats,
Swimwear
 Cycle wear

27. Polyester
Molecular Structure
Poly(ethylene terephthalater
Fiber composed of linear macromolecules having in the
chain at least 85% by mass of an ester of a diol &
terephthalic acid.

28. Properties:
Denier: 0.5 – 15
Tenacity : dry 3.5 - 7.0 : wet 3.5 - 7.0
Elongation at break : dry 15 - 45 : wet 15 45%
Moisture Regain: 0.4
Specific Gravity: 1.36 - 1.41%
Elastic Recovery : @2% =98 : @5% = 65
Melting point : 260 - 270 degree C
Effect of Sunlight : turns yellow, retains 70 - 80 % tenacity at long exposure
Resistance to Weathering: good
Rot Resistance: high
Alkali Resistance: damaged by CON alkali
Acid Resistance: excellent
Uses:










Pants
Shirts
Tops
Skirts
Suits
To manufacture high strength ropes
Thread, hoses,
Sails,
Floppy disk liners
Power belting

29. Polyethylene
Molecular Structure
Polyethylene
Fiber composed of linear macromolecules of
unsubstituted saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons

30. Physical Properties:
State at 20ºC: flexible
Temperature-dependent form changes:
insignificant from +5ºC
bis +90ºC
Specific weight at 20ºC: approx. 0.92
Shore hardness at 20ºC: approx. 90
Tear strength at 20ºC: approx. 10 N/mm2
Elongation at break at 20ºC: approx. 500%
Water absorption: traces
Chemical Properties:
Resistant against: Non-oxidizing alkalis, organic solvents
excl. chlorinated
Non-resistant against: Oxidizing acids, oils, fats, chlorinated
hydrocarbons
Uses:





Medical implants.
Cable and marine ropes.
Sail cloth.
Sports equipment.
Fish netting.

31. Polypropylene
Molecular Structure
Polypropylene
Fiber composed of linear macromolecules made up of
saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon units in which one
carbon atom in two carries a methyl side group,
generally an isotactic configuration & without further
substitution.

32. Properties:
Uses:







Moisture Regain: < 0.1%
Refractive Index: 1.49
Thermal Conductivity: 0.95Btu-in/ft .hr.°F
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: 4.0x10 /°F
Heat of fusion: 21 cal/g
Specific heat: 0.46 cal/g.c
Density of Melt at 180°c: 0.769 g/cc
Heat of Combustion: 19,400 Btu/lb
Decomposition temperature range: 328-410°C
Dielectric constant (0.1 MHz): 2.25
Dissipation factor (0.1 MHz): < 0.0002
Specific volume resistively: > 10 Ω. Cm
Top sheet (coverstock)
Acquisition and/or transport or distribution layer
Absorbent core
Backsheet
Barrier leg cuffs
Elastomeric materials
Hot melt glues

33. Vinylal
Molecular Structure
Acetalized poly (vinyl alcohol)
When n>0
Linear macromolecules if poly (vinyl alcohol) with
different levels of accetalization

34. Elastomultiester
Molecular Structure
Example of physical arrangement:
Part A and B consist of different macromolecules with ester groups
Fiber formed by interaction of two or more chemically
distinct linear macromolecules in two or more distinct
phases (of which none exceeds 85% by mass) & half
times its original length &released recovers rapidly &
substantially to its initial length.

35. Elastolefin
Molecular Structure
Elastolefin
Fiber composed of at least 95% (by mass) of
macromolecules partially cross-linked, made up from
ethylene & at least one other olefin & which, when stretched
to one & a half its original length & released, recovers rapidly
& substantially to its original length.

36. Flurofiber
Molecular Structure
Polytetrafluorethylene
Fiber composed of linear macromolecules made from
aliphatic fluorocarbon monomers.

37. Polyimide
Molecular Structure
Polyimide
Fiber of synthetic linear macromolecules having in the
chain recurring imide units

38. Polylactide
Molecular Structure
Fiber formed of linear macromolecules having in the
chain at least 85% (by mass) of lactic acid ester unites
derived from naturally occurring sugars & which has a
melting temperature of at least 1350C

39. Elastane
Molecular Structure
Fiber composed of at least 85% by mass of a segmented
polyurethane & which, if stretched to three times its
unscratched length, rapidly reverts substantially to the
unscratched length when the tension is removed.

40. Thanks To All