Study on knit garments merchandising

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INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
Course Code: Tex -4036
INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
KNIT GARMENTS MARCHANDISING

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Table of content
Chapter No Topic Page Number
01 Introduction of RMG 1-4
02 Merchandising 5-17
03 Technical package 18-25
04 Costing 26-29
05 Purchase order 30-33
06 Time and Action
Calendar
34-35
07 Booking 36-42
08 Follow Up
T&A Calendar
43-54
09 Commercial Activities 55-74
10 Mail communication 75-76
11 CONCLUSION 77-78
12 Reference 79-81

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Chapter 1
Introduction of RMG

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1.1 INTRODUCTION:
Textiles and clothing will always be essential goods for human beings. Spinning
and weaving were the main activities that drove the Industrial Revolution in the
18th
century. Since then the textile industry has been a leading industry in the initial
phase of industrialization in many countries in different periods of time in the
world. Bangladesh is an important producer & exporter of knit RMG product.
There are about 4500 garments factories running in Bangladesh. Growth of
garments factories started in Bangladesh around 1980. But now approximately
79% of our foreign currency is earned from RMG & apparels export. At present
Bangladesh is producing & exporting more than 60 items of garments. Garments
are exported to USA, UK, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia, Middle East
and many other countries in the world. Cheapest labor cost is the biggest advantage
for Bangladeshi garments producers & exporters. A very good news came at the
end of the last year that, China who are presently leading position in the knit
garments manufacturing are leaving there market and business because of shifting
into production of higher prices and higher electrical product. It’s the biggest
chance for Bangladesh has ever had to catch this opportunity and take this huge
market.
1.2 RMG SECTOR IN BANGLADESH
The RMG industry cuts and stitches the finished product into apparel, which is then
marketed. Bangladesh entered the export market of apparels in 1978 with only 9units and
earned only $0.069 million. During the last two decades this sector has achieved a
phenomenal growth, due to policy support of the government and dynamism of the
private sector entrepreneurs. Now the numbers of RMG unit’s isaround 4,000 and the
export earnings have reached at $6.40 billion. For the moment more than 2.0 million
garment workers are working in the RMG units, of whom 80 per cent are women. RMG
roughly covers 76 per cent of the total export of the country and is the highest earning
industry in the economy. Study shows that the RMG sector and related upstream and
downstream activities are estimated to contribute an income of about $ 6.7 billion which
is equivalent to about 9.0 per cent of Bangladesh's current GDP. RMG business started in
the late 70s as a negligible non-traditional sector with a narrow export base and by the
year 1983 it emerged as a promising export earning sector. Over the past one and half
decade, RMG export earnings have increased by more than 8 times with an exceptional
growth rate of 16.5 percent per annum. In Financial year 06, earnings reached about 8
billion USD, which was only less than a billion US during Financial year 91. Excepting
FY02, the industry registered significant positive growth throughout this period.

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1.3 The main problems are highlighted:
a) Investment
b) Social Compliance
Investment: In light of the socio-economic and political aspects, the investment factor
which hinders the growth of the scenario in Bangladesh is uncertain.
Social Compliance: There are some RMG sectors, for example, the power supply, labor
conditions, pollution, bureaucracy and standards of the factories are obstacles for the
growth of the RMG sector. For any kind of real improvement or advancement, financial
support is required along with commitment from government and other bodies. For
example, USA spent $20 billion for a project to make Chicago pollution free in a time
frame of seven years. Therefore, it is not possible for Bangladesh to become free of
pollution within 6 months.
1.4 Key Issues:
1. RMG is not an isolated area of the country; it is an integral part of the society and
Economy.
2. The minimum wage issue has not been solved. However, there are efforts
towards solving this problem.
3. Compared to the latest technical technology and tougher competition from China,
The RMG sector may face a huge competition.
RMG sector drives the economy and it should not have an ending like the jute
sector.
4. Planning, government policies, effective entrepreneurship is required for Proper
facing the challenges in world market.
5. Investors often receive adequate support from the Economic and commercial
wings from government.
6. Through its lobbyist failed to get duty-free market access to USA.
7. Government recruitment policy need to be changed, which has been “politicized”
so far.
8. No real effort made for branding Bangladesh in international market.
9. Bangladesh needs to enhance its image in the foreign market in order to attract
10.more buyers and investors.
11.The country needs to be improved. The economy diplomacy of

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12.There is need of investment to improve the backward linkage of the RMG
industry especially in the woven sector.

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2.1 Merchandising:
Merchandising is one of the most important parts for garments trade. Without
merchandising this trade will never be fulfill. Merchandiser deals or handles all the things
from buyer to production. He is the centre for all the tasks. After getting an order,
merchandiser calculate all the things, what he need to complete this order & make a nice
plan by which he can do the shipment in time with buyer’s requirement. In factory level,
merchandiser makes all the orders for accessories needs for an order like; fabric
requirement, sewing thread, button, washing if necessary, carton, polybag, shipment
arrangement etc. Actually merchandiser make looks on the whole progress. Normally, the
production people are always try to do work in delay, thus many trouble can come for the
shipment. But, merchandiser always makes a good follow-up to work in time with right
quantity & right quality. In the other hand, merchandiser deals with the buyer about order
approval & comments. It’s actually a managerial process to collect the order, planning
and executing the order and earn profit and safety from buyer to achieve industrial goals.
2.2 Merchandiser:
Merchandiser is the person who gets converted inspiration into design, use technology to
conceptualize and address the planning, production promotion and distribution of
products to meet the customers need and demand. In the other hand it can be said that
merchandiser is the person who act like a buyer to the supplier and also act like a supplier
to the buyer to achieve his/her organizational goals.
Types of merchandising:
Merchandising could be classified into three categories. These are
 Retail Organization Merchandising
 Buying agent Merchandising
 Export house Merchandising.

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2.3 Hidden Alphabetic Meaning of Merchandiser:
M- Should have good Managerial capacity.
E- Should be Efficient in both English Correspondence and spoken.
R- Regular in Office attendance.
C- Confident in taking any decision.
H- Must be Honest.
A- Show positive Attitude.
N- Nicely behave and Never disagree with Buyers.
D- Should be devoted to his Service.
I- Should have better IQ.
S- Sincere in Work.
E- Enthusiastic in nature and Excellent in Dealings
R- Regular in Correspondence and rational in Behavior.

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2.4 Job description for clothing Merchandiser:
Clothing merchandiser are in charge of the visual presentation of a retail clothing store’s
interior and window displays. They are responsible for creating, organizing, and
maintaining displays and other visual effect that make up the atmosphere representing a
store brand and style. Clothing merchandiser might be in charge of projects ranging from
and entire store to a smaller area such as a storefront window display, depending on the
job. They may use color lighting space arrangement and other effects in the designs.
Clothing merchandiser follow management guidelines in caring for and dressing
mannequins placing signs and overseeing changes, especially in preparation for events
such as seasonal displays, holidays and sales promotion.
2.5 Job Duties for a Clothing merchandiser:
Job duties of a clothing merchandiser often include dressing mannequins, assembling
window displays and maintaining display materials. Clothing merchandisers may be
required to assists in customer service, and may be in charge of seasonal or other special
events. Changing or rearranging lighting fixtures constructing displays that require the
use of hand and power tools and a lift, and buying display materials and supplies may all
be including clothing merchandiser duties.
2.6 Merchandiser should have the following basic qualifications:
 Good command on English and adequate knowledge of technical terms of accurate
and efficient communication.
 Good knowledge of fiber, yarn, fabric, dyeing, printing, finishing, dyes. color
fastness, and garments production etc.
 Clear conception of the usual potential quality problems in the garments
manufacturing.
 Good knowledge of the usual raw materials inspection systems and garments
inspection systems.
 Knowledge of the quota system used in each of the producing countries, duty
rates, customer regulations, shipping and banking documents etc.

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2.7 Highlighting of merchandising works:
 To collect buyers address.
 To establish contact with the buyers sending formal letters/profile.
 Receiving buyers response and providing price quotation along with making of
sample as counter or approval.
 Receiving samples comments from the buyer.
 To furnish the pro-forma invoice and sending the buyer.
 Taking necessary steps of the lab dip of the materials ( Fabric and accessories ).
 Receiving the master L/C from buyer and verify clauses of the L/C both in
technical and commercial point of view.
 To confirm floor booking of the order with the factory.
 To confirm transfer authentication of the L/C in favor of fact.
 Pushing the factory taking initial procurement to open the B/B L/C by bank.
 Searching reliable fabric and accessories sources and finalized supplying the
required materials related to the order.
 To monitor the shipment of raw materials arrival in the factory.
 To monitor the supplying materials while receiving factory.
 To order the test with cutting and quality.
 To check/inspect/advise for the bulk production.
 To monitor production quality and delivery.
 To advise factory if buyer change any instruction both in technical or commercial
point of view to the order.
 Collecting order from the buyers.
 Sending samples to the buyer for approval.
 Collecting accessories from different suppliers.
 Giving order to the specified garment factory.
 Communication with all the respective parties.
 Co-ordination the whole process at a regular manner.

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2.8 Major functions of a merchandiser:
1. Costing and development
2. Order execution and follow up
3. Marketing.
2.9 Role of merchandiser:
2.9.1 (For new order):
Receive
technica
package
from
buyer
(Buyer
provides
delivery
date)
Discussion
with
planning
department
for checking
production
space &
productivity
Analyzing
technnical
package
• listing all
fabric &
accessories
• Finding
out fabric
consumpti
on
Doing
costing
&
quate
price
to
buyer
Negotiation
&
confirmatio
n of price

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2.9.3 Running order:
Follow
T& A
calender
Follow up
fabric
production
Follow up
cutting sewing
& finishing
Follow up
printing
emboidery &
washing
Arrange
all lab
test
Submission
of production
sample
Arrange all
inspection
report
Ensure
shipment
of gmt on
time

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2.10 Process flow chart of a Merchandiser:
Receive the fabric swatches from the buyer or the buying
house
Buyer nominates the
supplier
Receives the Tech Pack which consists of GSS
(Graded Spec Sheets) and all the details of styles,
trims and construction details
The merchandiser develops
Lap Dips – solid Dyed Fabrics
Strike Off – Printed Fabric
Bit Loom – Yarn dyed Fabric
Gets the fabric Approval Gets the Trim Approval
Is the fabric
being imported
Merchandiser source the fabric from local
supplier
NO
YES

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Tech Pack sends to the sampling department for
the development of the proto sample
Bulk Fabric and Trims ordered based on the
quantity in purchase order
Preparing the cutting ticket in PPC
meeting and handling it over to
cutting department
Pilot Run of 50-100 Pieces
Fabric Consumption along
with mini markers taken
from CAD Department
Cost Calculation for Cut
Make, Washing,
Embroidery etc.
Getting CMP cost and Sample
approval from buyer
Confirming PO (Purchase Order)
and Receiving It.
Bulk Production Starts
Getting TOP (top of
production) samples
approved

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Procuring the trims and packaging
material to be issued to finishing
department
Preparing the shipment
invoice
Sending the final shipment details to the buyer
Getting the inspection
certificate
Is the order
rejected?
Consignment Shipped
OCR (Order Completion Report)
With reference to
fabrics o trims
Debit Note being
issued to the
supplier
YES
YES
Send it to Warehouse
NO
Follow Up
Getting the Fit Sample
approved
FPT(Fabric Performance testing) to
conform the standards quoted by
buyer
Getting the approval for Size Set
samples

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2.11 FUNCTION OF THE MERCHANDISER:
When an export order is placed to a merchandiser, He or she has to schedule the
following main functions to execute the order perfectly on time:
 Fabric requirement calculations
 Accessories requirement calculation (e.g. thread, button, interning, label, polybag,
carton etc.)
 Sourcing of yarn & fabrics
 Sourcing of accessories
 Possible date of arrival of fabrics & accessories in the garments factory
 Costing
 Garments production planning with the help of production DGM.
 Pre –shipment inspection schedule
 Shipping documents.
All the main functions, mentioned above are important but the procurement of the fabric
& accessories are most important as there are many technical parameters involved in
specification in this area. In most collection of fabric for the garments is to collect in time
is a major problem. To procure a fabric we should clearly specify the technical specimen
of the fabric during placing a fabric supply order, the following list of points should be
considered in preparation of the contract before placing a fabric purchase order.

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2.12 DATA BASE BETWEEN BUYER & SELLER:
Merchandiser is he or she, who builds up a relationship with the buyer and acts as a
seller. He plays a vital role in an organization in a sense that he bears more responsibility
than other in regards to execution of an order. The responsibility which he bears on the
job is as follows:
1. He represents as a buyer to a factory.
2. He represents as a seller to the buyers.
3. he inspects quality as a buyer(from the buyer’s point of view)
4. He or she negotiates a price for the sellers
5. He looks at deal from sellers point of view

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Chapter 3
Technical package

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3.0TECH-PACK:
A tech pack is informative sheet which encompasses all the specifications of the
requirements before embarking on the garment manufacturing process. Contains all the
details of any specific style of the garment. This document is usually prepared by the
designer and finalized in consultation with the merchandisers, and then forwarded to bulk
sampling department or to the production department for the reference and guide for bulk
manufacturing.
3.1 Tech pack includes:
1. Fashion flat and sketch: Front and back side view of the garment style ( if
required or the style demand ). Technical designers must give importance o create
fashion flats as this is the base and is main interface of apparel spec packages and
further makes base for tech pack and sample development, pp and garments
production.

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2. Color combo: Color variation for a particular style. The garment or style can be
produced in different colors and accordingly to the graphics. Embroidery of the
style has matching colors as per base color of the style. As per style requirement
color combos are prepared. Usually the color combo for any particular style range
from 2-4 different color ways.

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3. Fabric details: The composition of fabric and its yarn counts, construction,
weight and GSM. Also fabric consumption for the style. This gives the over idea
which is required at the time of ordering the fabric and costing.
4. Stitching and garments construction detailing: Shows how the garment or style
should be stitched and its construction procedure. Garments wrongly stitched can
affect considerably on its look. Technical designer with factory experience who
understands sewing technique and construction details can transform in this in tech
pack.

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5. Graphic or print details: If the garment has any prints the detailing of the prints
has to be given in separate sheet. This contains print techniques, chemical to use
and avoid, print size and placement etc. Cost for the prints is usually calculated on
its size, color and complexity. The more the colors the more complex would be the
print and its detailing. Usually for prints- every color is distinguished and while
preparing the print screen every color makes out a separate screen. So graphic
design in t-shirts should be quite clear and the vectors are separable to make the
print screen.
6. Graphic or print placement details: This is also a very important part of the tech
pack designing. Designing a print is not sufficient. Where the print should be
placed, its feasibility and complexity of placing the print is an art as well as
tedious. A good print placed in wrong place makes the total style a disaster.
7. Embroidery details: Mostly embroidery details is given similar to the print
details except the type of embroidery that differs. Just like puff embroidery, print
embroidery etc. this is a complete clients preference and creative directors thought
that leads to the outcome. The embroidery is always counted in the number of
stitch that is being done for a particular embroidery design.

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8. Trim detailing: Although trims are always part of apparel branding However,
detailing of the trims are always crucial for any style. Which trim to be used in
which style is very crucial and most brands used the detailing very effectively to
make the garment attractive and also look expensive. Usually for established
brands the trim always prepared. But even though the established brand also
change their trims time to time to give fresh looks and feel of their collection. For
new brand trims design is a must and they should begin with the trims design and
then move on to the style designs.
9. Washing details: Every garments weather is a knitted, woven or denim has
certain processing and that comes in terms of garments washing. Specifically
when it comes to denim that washing details comes out to be quite important.
There are many types of wash depending on the type of garment that is being
sampled or produced.

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10.Measurement details and size chart: This is the most crucial part of any tech
pack design. Any tech pack that make without the measurement details or
measurement spec sheet is vague or trivial. More over the measurement spec sheet
has to be 100% accurate. However, to active the 100% accuracy there needs to be
a lot of trial and error process which goes. Because measurement always differs
from person to person. The solution is- The brand should at least collect the
standard of the measurement which than used to prepare the detailed measurement
spec sheet. The client has to provide the modal measurement or the standard
measurement and this has to be provided with almost care.

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11.Graphical representation of measurement: This is also very important part of
the tech pack design and specifying the measurements graphically. This is most
crucial for the factories to follow. Usually the factories while following the spec
sheet find it difficult to understand from the spec sheet because of the lack of
understanding. So if this is provided with a graphical indication would help the
factories to make out what need to be done and how to measure what.
12.Bills of materials: The last step in tech pack design process is preparing the bills
of material. A bill of material (BOM) is the check list of all items and process to
be used in preparing the garments in the factory. This helps in processing the
garments during mass production and also helps in getting the right amount of
consumption and there help by doing the actual costing of the garments.

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4.1 Costing:
Merchandise makes a cost sheet to see if the product is feasible or not in terms of cost
and revenue. Merchandiser has to calculate the cost of products including all wastes and
accessories to tell the final cost of the product to his customers.
4.2 COSTING AREAS:
EMBROIDERY
LabelsSize
labels
Wash care
labels
Main
labels
SHELL
FABRIC
POCKETING
FABRIC COST
BASIC
COST
CUT MAKE
COST
WASHING
TRIM COSTThread
PACKAGING
ACCESSORIES
PACKING
MATERIAL
COST
Zipper
s
Buttons
Rivets

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4.3 Costing process:
Finish fabric cost: (Yarn price + Knitting cost + dyeing cost)
Body fabric cost: (Total fabric consumption + Total yarn consumption)
Cost of making (CM):……………………………$
Accessories cost:…………………………………$
Overhead cost……………………………………$
Others cost:……………………………………….$
Buyer commission:……………………………….$
Total cost...$
4.4 Costing Sheet:
Date 10-Mar-12
Buyer Big Star
Item MEN'S SS TEE
Style
Qty pcs
Ref Mr Arefin
Fabric 100% Cotton combed Single Jersey
Weight 110 GSM
Yarn 50/1($ 6.10)
Size Range S-XL
Option
Consumption
Length Sleeve Chest GSM Wastage KG's/Doz KG's for cal Actual Req
68 16 51 110 1.12 1.53 2.05 1.99
Fabric Price Calculation
Color Yarn Price Knitting Dying Net Cost Wastage
Enz+Silicone+
Carbonized Actual Price
6.10 0.40 1.75 8.25 1.24 0.60 10.09
SS13-L_TS_SS_54(N)

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Garment price Calculation
COLOURED Consumption Price Total Printed label 0.00
Fabric 2.05 10.50 21.53 $ Twill tape 0.70
Rib 0.30 10.50 3.15 $ Hangtag 0.00
Collar+Cuff 0.00 $ Button 0.60
Accessories 4.00 $ Price Tag 0.00
Print 3.00 $ Crtn Sticker 0.30
Embroydery 0.00 $ Back Board 0.00
Wash 0.00 $ Poly 0.55
Commercial cost 0.00 $ S Thread 0.65
CM 6.00 $ Care Label 0.00
Fob 37.68 $ Crtn 0.50
Wastage + Sample Cost 1.88 5% Others 0.40
G Price/Dz 39.56 $ Total 3.70
Freight 0 5% Extra 0.19
G Total 3.89
Per Dz 39.56 $
Price Per Pc 3.30 $
Previously offered 3.30
Offer Price 3.35 Target Price: 3.30

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5.1 Purchase order sheet:
What is Purchase Order Sheet-
This is generally Known as P.O.
The Purchase Order can be defined as a written sales contract between buyer and
seller detailing the exact merchandise to be rend from a single vendor/ buyer.
It will specify payment terms, delivery dates, item identification, quantities,
shipping terms and all other obligations and conditions.
A contract to purchase merchandise may include a number of P.O. sheets defining
them color-wise and size-wise quantity or as per buyers' wish.
5.2 P.O. Contains following components:
The Purchase Order is provided to the vendor as a record of the Purchase. A sample
Purchase Order sheet indicates the followings-
1. Purchase Order Number
- The number is assigned to the purchase order. This is used to identify a definite order
and for departmental record keeping,
2. Vendor's Name and Address:
- The complete name and address of the individual or company which manufacture the
merchandise.
- The sequential line number which corresponds with the line on the requisition (i.e., the
first item would be line 1; the second would be line 2, etc.).
3. Quantity
- The quantity of the item being purchased.

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4. UQP (Unit of Purchase):
-The packaging of the item to be purchased (i.e., each, box, package, poly, dozen,
carton etc.)
5. Unit Price:
- The unit price of the item ordered.
6. Extended Price/ Total Price:
- The total quantity of the item multiplied by its unit price.
7. Description:
- The complete description of the item ordered in detail, i.e. color,
size ratio, critical designs, buttons and other trims, printings, sewing
thread used etc.
8. The total amount of all items on the purchase order.
9. During partial shipment, color-wise and size-wise quantity to be shipped is
mentioned.
10.Ship To:
- Receiving Department address
11. Deliver To:
- The complete name and location of the individual who requested the
ordered goods.
12. Date:
- The date at which the purchase order was received and also the date at
which the order will have to be shipped.
13. Payment Terms:
- Payment terms defined by Purchasing Department of the buyer.
14. Ship Via:
- Shipping instructions entered by Purchasing Department.
15. F.O.B:
- Shipping terms defined by Purchasing Department.
16.Freight Terms:
- Freight terms defined by Purchasing Department.
17. P. O. Line No.

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Chapter 6
Time and Action Calendar

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6.1 T&A calendar:
After confirmation of order time and action calendar is prepared by a merchandiser. After preparing this
time and action calendar a merchandiser follow it up and do in according with T&A calendar to achieve
target shipment.
6.2 A format of T&A calendar is given below:
Item Description: LADIES LEGGINGS
$2.47 & $ 2.00
229250 Pcs Delivery Date: 10th April
Time & Action Plan
Trims
Fabric
Sample Approval
Order Process
ALDI
263101 Fabric: 95% CTN 5 % LYCRA
10.11.2012 Fabric Weight: 190
17.11.2012
Fabric Color:
Black/G.melange/Pink/Ecru/Petrol
17.11.2012
18.11.2012
Actual Date Target Date Remarks
14.11.2012
17.11.2012
17.11.2012
21.11.2012 (3 colors) 28.11.2012 (2 colors)
28.11.12
22.11.2012
Trims details received from buyer:
ETD:
Finishing or packing complete:
Final Inspection:
Finishing or packing start:
Trims approval:
Trims booked or ordered:
Bulk Trims in house:
Sewing Complete:
Remarks
Print/ emb complete:
Actual Date Target Date
Send to factory:
Cutting start:
Fit Set Sending Date:
Fit set comments/Approval Date:
Advertisement sample sending date:
Production
Advt. sample approval date:
Knitting complete:
Dyeing start:
Dyeing complete :
Yarn Booking
pp Sample Sending date:
PP sample approval date:
Production sample sending date:
Print/ emb start:
File pattern & approved sample:
Initial fabric in house for sampling:
bulk fabric in house:
Fabric Booking/Ordered Date:
Yarn in house:
Knitting starting date:
Sewing Start:
Buyer Name:
Order No:
Inquiry Rcv. Date:
Order Conf. Date:
Sample trims recv. From supplyer:
Trims send to buyer for approval:
Order Qty:
Price:
Quality Fabric Approval Date:
Lab Dip Sending to Buyer:
Lab Dip Approval Date:
Yarn Dip Sending Date:
Yarn Dip Sending to Buyer:
Yarn dip Approval Date:
Quality Fabric Sending Date:
Price Offer Date:
Size Set Sample Sending
Size Set Sample Comments/Approval
1.12.12
Price Confirm Date:
Order Sheet Receive Date: (From mail)
Proforma Order Sheet Signing Date:
Export LC Receiving Date:
Color Swatch/TC Rcv. Date:

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Booking Format
7.1 Model of Yarn Booking:

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7.2 Fabric Booking:
Confirmation Date : 11.12.12 Program No:-
Buyer SMYK T.A. Solution Ltd.
Job No. 8 Order Quantity : 14012 Pcs.
Style / Order No. BCB710144AD Average Cons/Doz : 1.900 Dz
Item L/C Status :
Cutting Target Cutting Quantity (Pcs) : 14713 Pcs.
Packing Instruction Shipment date : 15.04.13
Size 92 98 104 110 116 122 128 Neck Tape
Consumtion / Dz 1.300 1.400 1.500 1.600 1.750 1.900 2.100 0.100
Individual Dia - CM
Finish Dia - INCH.
Light Grey mel Combo-A 291 522 707 655 592 438 298 3503 Pcs 0.170
Contrust Neck tape : 17-1048 Tpx 3503 0 Pcs 0.000
16-0952 Tpx combo-B 291 522 707 655 592 438 298 3503 Pcs 0.170
19-3906 Tpx Combo-C 291 522 707 655 592 438 298 3503 Pcs 0.170
16-1448 Tpx Combo-D 291 522 707 655 592 438 298 3503 Pcs 0.170
0 Pcs 0.000
0 Pcs 0.000
0 Pcs 0.000
0 Pcs 0.000
0 Pcs
Total Pcs 1164 2088 2828 2620 2368 1752 1192 14012 Pcs
Light Grey mel Combo-A 32 61 88 87 86 69 52 0 476 Kgs 50
Contrust Neck tape : 17-1048 Tpx 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 29 Kgs 0
16-0952 Tpx combo-B 32 61 88 87 86 69 52 0 476 Kgs 50
19-3906 Tpx Combo-C 32 61 88 87 86 69 52 0 476 Kgs 50
16-1448 Tpx Combo-D 32 61 88 87 86 69 52 0 476 Kgs 50
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kgs 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kgs 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kgs 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kgs 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kgs 0
Total Fab.Qty 126 244 354 349 345 277 209 117 2021 Kgs 199
160
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100% Cotton S/J
(A) Batch Instruction
(B) Yarn Source :
(C) Knitting Factory :
(D) Dying of Fabric
(E) Enzyme/Silicon Treatment : ENZYME,SOFTNER,SILICON
Merchandiser
FOUR KNIT WEARS LTD.
FABRIC BOOKING SHEET.
Art No:
T SHIRT L/S Boys
Percentage = 5%
<<< Knitting - SIDE SEAM >>>
0
98% cott
2% Ela
1X1
LYCRA
RIB
TOTAL
FAB.+RIB(KGS)
30" Tube On Cutting Table
Colour / Fabrics(Kgs)
526
29
526
29
526
29
526
29
0
0
0
0
0
2219
Parameter of fabric Quality
Srinkage Tolerance 400 F/d
3 - 4% Shade Matching Tolerance 2-3%
Final GSM on Garments Wash Fastness at 40C 4-5
Final GSM on Finish Fabric Wet Rubbing Fastness 4-5
Description of Fabric Sportily of Fabric 3% (MAX)
Type of Yarn 28/1 100% COTTON Dry Rubbing Fastness 4-5
Lt.Source of Shade Matching D-65 Pilling of Fabric TO BE AVOIDED
Special Instruction:
: Solid Color Assorted Dia.
: SHOULD BE GOOD HAND FEEL.
Assessed by Head Office Checked by Approved by
Checked by P.M./KNIT.INCH. G.M. Managing Director

40
7.3 Accessories Booking:
Date: 08.05.10
Order No. :002
Order Qty. : 1620
Style : Girls T-Shirt
Applicant: Supplier :
Four Knit Wear Ltd Garments Craft
Pathantoly, Siddirgonj, Narayangonj. Zigatallah, Dhaka.
SUBJECT: ACCESSORIES BOOKING SHEET
Dear Sir,
Please supply accessories as follows. Also note that bulk accessories should be as per Buyer approved quality.
This order will be finally correction from your side.
1 SIZE LABEL SIZE
TYPE PARTICULAR 62 68 74 80 86 TOTAL With 05% +
STOCK SIZE LABEL 200 200 200 200 200 1000 1050
LOT A SIZE LABEL 44 44 132 132 440 462
LOT B SIZE LABEL 36 36 36 36 36 180 189
STOCK+A Main label ( KNOT SO BAD) 1440 1512
STOCK+A Fire Label 1620 1701
STOCK+A Care label 100% Cotton with Importer Label 1620 1701
STOCK+A Snap Button 5760 6048
STOCK+A Poly Bag ( single Pc) 236 280 280 368 368 1532 1608.6
LOT B Poly Bag ( Blister) 18 18.9
D. D: With in 11.05.10
Delivery To:Fout Knit Wear Ltd.
Thanks & regards
Md.Rasel Miah Mamun
Asst. Merchandiser Dept. General Manager
Four Knit Wear Ltd.
Pathantoly, Siddirgonj, Narayangonj.
WORK ORDER
Buyer Name: Carodel

41
7.4 Sewing Thread Booking:
Date: 08.05.10
Order No. :003
Order Qty. : 30000
Style : Girls T-Shirt
Four Knit Wear Ltd Garments Craft
Pathantoly, Siddirgonj, Narayangonj. Zigatallah, Dhaka.
SUBJECT: SEWING THREAD BOOKING SHEET
Dear Sir,
Please supply accessories as follows. Also note that bulk accessories should be as per Buyer approved quality.
Sewing thread break down with qty ratio.
Buyer Order No.
140 Cone
125 Cone
165 Cone
135 Cone
110 Cone
275 Cone
310 Cone
255 Cone
1515 Cone
Note: 1 cone = 4,000 mtr.
D. D: With in 11.05.10
Delivery To:Fout Knit Wear Ltd.
Thanks & regards
Md.Rasel Miah Mamun
Asst. Merchandiser Dept. General Manager
Total:
Black
Black Iris
Antracite/Dark Grey
Azul
Khaki
Vermelho/Red
Description of Accessories :-
Item Color Quantity (Cone) Swatch
CARODEL 003 Sewing Thread
Black
Four Knit Wear Ltd.
WORK ORDER
Buyer Name: Carodel
Marinho/Azul

42
7.5 Carton Booking:
Date: 25.11.12
Buyer Name: Elitex Asia Ltd
Order No. : F-3
Order Qty. : 11,840 Pcs
Style : JCW08025
Four Knit Wear Ltd Faheema Box Industry
Pathantoly, Siddirgonj, Narayangonj. Kashipur, Katkhola, Fatullah, Narayangonj.
Sub: Carton Booking Order
Dear Sir,
Please supply Carton as follows. Also note that Carton should be as per Buyer approved quality.
Carton break down with qty ratio.
Buyer Order No.
1 Ctn
2 Ctn
8 Ctn
1 Ctn
3 Ctn
1 Ctn
2 Ctn
18 Ctn
Delivery Date: With in 13.10.09
Delivery To: Fazlur Rahman Industries (Pvt.) Ltd.
Thanks & regards
Md. Rasel Miah Mamun
Asst. Merchandiser General Manager
Color Quantity Swatch
Mark as per attach
Blackberry Cord "
Ceylon Yellow "
FOUR KNIT WEAR LTD.
WORK ORDER
Item
"
Palace Blue "
Pool Blue "
Sparkling Grape
Chive
Total:
"
Elitex Asia Ltd F-3 Carton
Black Iris

43
7.6 Poly Booking:
Date: 15.12.2012
Buyer Name: Elitex Asia Ltd
Order No. : F-5
Order Qty. :
Style : ZBG02023, ZBB02023,
Four Knit Wear Ltd. Greenway BD Ltd
Pathantoly, Siddirgonj, Narayangonj. Motijheel, Dhaka.
Sub: Poly Booking Order
Dear Sir,
Please supply Blister Poly as follows. Also note that bulk Blister Poly should be as per Buyer
approved quality. This order will be finally correction from your side.
Buyer Order No.
Delivery Date: With in 25.12.12
Delivery To: Fazlur Rahman Industries (Pvt.) Ltd.
Thanks & regards
Md.Rasel Miah Mamun
Asst. Merchandiser General Manager
FOUR KNIT WEAR LTD
F-5 Blister Poly 2,390 Pcs
Chest: 33 inch
Length: 25 Inch
MeasurmentItem Quantity
WORK ORDER
Elitex Asia Ltd

44
Chapter 8
Follow Up
T&A Calendar

45
8.1 After confirming the order merchandiser send size set to the buyer
including all of the sizes with the available trims and fabrics. The buyers
again reply with corrective action.
Size Set Comments:

47
8.2 Pre production comments:
After getting all of the fabric and accessories in house, a merchandiser send it
to sample section for making PP sample and send it to buyer for approval. If
any type of fault is found then buyer comments on those PP sample and
forward it to merchandiser for approval.
Model of Pre Production Comments:
OLD NAME: SS13-L_TS_SS_54
NEW NAME: AUBRIE_TS_SS
DATE: 09.10.2012
WE ADD THE STAR LABEL,PLS SEND US CORRECT STAR LABEL FOR APPROVAL.
PLS ATTACH THE STAR LABEL IN LEFT SIDE SEAM 8 cm FROM THE BOTTOM.
VERSION 1: CREAM VERSION 2: BUNNY BLUE
1 KIND / RODZAJ OK. AS IN SAMPLE OK. AS IN SAMPLE
COLOR / KOLOR WRONG,SEE BELOW OK. AS IN SAMPLE
FINISHING / WYKOŃCZENIE OK. AS IN SAMPLE OK. AS IN SAMPLE
QUALITY / JAKOŚD WRONG,SEE BELOW. WRONG,SEE BELOW.
GSM / GRAMATURA SEE BELOW. SEE BELOW.
**COLOR
THE COLOR OF NAVY VERSION IS DIFFERENT THAN ACCEPTED,WE DON'T ACCEPT,PLEASE IMPROVE IT.
SEND US THE SWATCH WITH CORRECT COLOR OF CREAM VERSION FOR APPROWAL.
**QUALITY
ON THE BODY KNITTED FABRIC ARE VISIBLE HORIZONTAL BIASES : CREAM VERSION-7 cm,BUNNY BLUE VERSION-8 cm. WE WOULD LIKE TO REMAIN
YOU TO CONTROL HORIZONTAL BIASES TO 2cm.
**GSM
WE CAN'T ACCEPT BECAUSE WE CAN'T CUT THE RECEIVED PP-SAMPLE.WE WAIT ON SWATCH .
COLOR / KOLOR OK. AS IN SAMPLE OK. AS IN SAMPLE
QUALITY / JAKOŚD OK. AS IN SAMPLE OK. AS IN SAMPLE
SIZE / WIELKOŚD OK. AS IN SAMPLE OK. AS IN SAMPLE
PLACEMENT / UMIEJSCOWIENIE OK. AS IN SAMPLE OK. AS IN SAMPLE
3 SHAPE / KSZTAŁT OK OK
STITCHING METHOD / ODSZYCIE OK OK
**ENDINGS OF CHAIN STITCHING MUST BE FINISHED WITH TACKING, THEY CANNOT UNRAVEL.
COLOR / KOLOR OK. AS IN SAMPLE OK. AS IN SAMPLE
QUALITY / JAKOŚD OK. AS IN SAMPLE OK. AS IN SAMPLE
FACING / SPOSÓB DOSZYCIA OK OK
5 OK OK
6 KIND / RODZAJ OK OK
QUALITY / JAKOŚD SEE BELOW. SEE BELOW.
COLOR / KOLOR SEE BELOW. SEE BELOW.
SHOULDER TAPE / PLISKA W RAMIĘ
SEAMS IN GARMENT / SZWY W
WYROBIE
WRONG COLOR OF THREAD IN BOTTOM OF GARMENT AND BOTTOM OF SLEEVE,SEE COMMENTS IN SIZE-SET.
PP-SAMPLE SAMPLE COMMENTS
BODY KNITTED FABRIC / DZIANINA
PODSTAWOWA
FRONT
APPLIQUE /
APLIKACJA NA
PRZODZIE
A./PRINT /
NADRUK
NECK OPENING / DEKOLT
BACK NECK TAPE / TAŚMA NA TYLE
DEKOLTU

50
PP- sample measurement report:
PP- SAMPLE MEASUREMENT REPORT
COMPANY NAME: NATHAN FASHION
TOL
SPEC SAMPLE SPEC SAMPLE +/- cm
A CHEST WIDTH (HALF- 1 CM BELOW ARMHOLE) 47 47 49 49 1
B BOTTOM WIDTH (HALF) MEASURED BEFORE GATHERING 50 50 52 52 1
B1 BOTTOM WIDTH (HALF) MEASURED AFTER GATHERING 36 37 38 39 1
C BODY LENGTH (AT NECKPOINT) 66 65 68 66,5 1
D SHOULDER LENGTH 7.5 7.5 8.1 8,3 0,2
E SLEEVE LENGTH CHANGE 15 CHANGE 15,3 0,5
F ARMHOLE STRAIGHT 19 18.7 19.8 19,5 0,3
F1 BICEP AT UNDER ARM 15.5 15.2 16.5 16,5 0,3
G SLEEVE WIDTH (12cm FROM CUFF SEAM) - - - - -
H SLEEVE CUFFT RIBBINGHEM HEIGHT 1.5 1.5 1.5 1,5 0
I SLEEVE / CUFF OPENING (HALF AT MIDDLE) 14.5 14.5 15.5 15.5 0.5
J B OTTOM RIBBING/ HEM HEIGHT 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 0
K NECK OPENING (A+B -NECKSEAM TO NECKSEAM : C; INSIDE TO INSIDE) 24 24 24.4 24.4 0.2
L FRONT NECK DROP ( A+B NECKLINE TO SEAM :C: TOPLINE TO TOP) 16 16 16.2 16,4 0
M BACK NECK DROP(A+B NECKLINE TO SEAM :C: TOPLINE TO TOP) 2.5 2.5 2.5 2,5 0
N COLLAR HEIGHT (AT CENTERBACK FOR A ) 1 1 1 1 0
O COLLAR POINT LENGTH - - - - -
Q POCKET WIDTH - - - - -
R POCKET LENGTH - - - - -
S POCKET POSITION FROM NECKPOINT - - - - -
P LENGTH OF FRONT PLACKET - - - - -
T WIDTH OF FRONT PLACKET - - - - -
U WAIST WIDTH 47 47 49 49 1
V SHOULDER SEAM FORWARD TO THE FRONT BY 1 1 1 1 0,2
V1 SHOULDER DROP 2.5 2.5 2.5 2,5 0
W1 DEPTH FROM SIDE SEAM TO THE INNERMOST POINT OF FRONT ARMHOLE 5.2 5.2 5.5 5,5 0
W2 DEPTH FROM SIDE SEAM TO THE INNERMOST POINT OF BACK ARMHOLE 4.7 4.7 5 5,3 0
C1 WAIST POSITION FROM THE BOTTOM EDGE 27 28 -
STYLE NAME: AUBRIE_TS_SS (Old name: SS13-
L_TS_SS_54) DATE: 09.10.2012 S-CREAM M-BUNNY BLUE
T/S IN CM

56
Chapter 9
Commercial Activities

57
9.1 letter of credit:
A letter of credit is a document that a financial institution or similar party issues to a
seller of goods or services which provides that the issuer will pay the seller for goods or
services the seller delivers to a third-party buyer. The issuer then seeks reimbursement
from the buyer or from the buyer's bank. The document serves essentially as a guarantee
to the seller that it will be paid by the issuer of the letter of credit regardless of whether
the buyer ultimately fails to pay. In this way, the risk that the buyer will fail to pay is
transferred from the seller to the letter of credit's issuer.
Letters of credit are used primarily in international trade for large transactions between a
supplier in one country and a customer in another. In such cases, the International
Chamber of Commerce Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits applies
(UCP 600 being the latest version). They are also used in the land development process to
ensure that approved public facilities (streets, sidewalks, storm water ponds, etc.) will be
built. The parties to a letter of credit are the supplier, usually called the beneficiary, the
issuing bank, of which the buyer is a client, and sometimes an advising bank, of which
the beneficiary is a client. Almost all letters of credit are irrevocable, i.e., cannot be
amended or canceled without the consent of the beneficiary, issuing bank, and confirming
bank, if any.
9.1.1 Types of Letter of Credit:
9.1.2. Revocable Letter of Credit L/C:
A revocable letter of credit may be revoked or modified for any reason, at any time by the
issuing bank without notification. It is rarely used in international trade and not
considered satisfactory for the exporters but has an advantage over that of the importers
and the issuing bank.
There is no provision for confirming revocable credits as per terms of UCPDC, Hence
they cannot be confirmed. It should be indicated in LC that the credit is revocable. if
there is no such indication the credit will be deemed as irrevocable.
9.1.3. Irrevocable Letter of Credit L/C:
In this case it is not possible to revoke or amended a credit without the agreement of the
issuing bank, the confirming bank, and the beneficiary. Form an exporter’s point of view
it is believed to be more beneficial. An irrevocable letter of credit from the issuing bank
insures the beneficiary that if the required documents are presented and the terms and
conditions are complied with, payment will be made.

58
9.1.4. Confirmed Letter of Credit L/C:
Confirmed Letter of Credit is a special type of L/C in which another bank apart from the
issuing bank has added its guarantee. Although, the cost of confirming by two banks
makes it costlier, this type of L/C is more beneficial for the beneficiary as it doubles the
guarantee.
9.1.5 Sight Credit and deferred Credit L/C:
Sight credit states that the payments would be made by the issuing bank at sight, on
demand or on presentation. In case of deferred credit, draft are drawn on the issuing bank
or the correspondent bank at specified deferred period. The credit will indicate whether
the deferred draft is to be drawn on the issuing bank or in the case of confirmed credit on
the confirming bank.
Model of Master L/C:

62
9.1.6 Back to Back Letter of Credit L/C:
Back to Back Letter of Credit is also termed as Countervailing Credit. A credit is known
as back to back credit when a L/C is opened with security of another L/C.
A back to back credit which can also be referred as credit and counter credit is actually a
method of financing both sides of a transaction in which a middleman buys goods from
one customer and sells them to another.
9.1.6.1 The parties to a Back to Back Letter of Credit are:
1. The buyer and his bank as the issuer of the original Letter of Credit.
2. The seller/manufacturer and his bank,
3. The manufacturer's to the sub supplier bank.
The practical use of this Credit is seen when L/C is opened by the ultimate buyer in favor
of a particular beneficiary, who may not be the actual supplier/ manufacturer offering the
main credit with near identical terms in favor as security and will be able to obtain
reimbursement by presenting the documents received under back to back credit under the
main L/C.
The need for such credits arises mainly when:
1. The ultimate buyer not ready for a transferable credit
2. The Beneficiary does not want to disclose the source of supply to the openers.
3. The manufacturer demands on payment against documents for goods but the
beneficiary of credit is short of the funds

64
9.1.7. Transferable Letter of Credit L/C:
A transferable documentary credit is a type of credit under which the first beneficiary
which is usually a middleman may request the nominated bank to transfer credit in whole
or in part to the second beneficiary.
The L/C does state clearly mentions the margins of the first beneficiary and unless it is
specified the L/C cannot be treated as transferable. It can only be used when the company
is selling the product of a third party and the proper care has to be taken about the exit
policy for the money transactions that take place.
This type of L/C is used in the companies that act as a middle man during the transaction
but don’t have large limit. In the transferable L/C there is a right to substitute the invoice
and the whole value can be transferred to a second beneficiary.
The first beneficiary or middleman has rights to change the following terms and
conditions of the letter of credit:
1. Reduce the amount of the credit.
2. Reduce unit price if it is stated
3. Make shorter the expiry date of the letter of credit.
4. Make shorter the last date for presentation of documents.
5. Make shorter the period for shipment of goods.
6. Increase the amount of the cover or percentage for which insurance cover must be
effected.
7. Substitute the name of the applicant (the middleman) for that of the first
beneficiary (the buyer).
9.1.8 Risk Associated with Opening Imports L/C:
Risks associated with Opening Import L/C
The basic risk associated with an issuing bank while opening an import L/C are
1. The financial standing of the importer -
As the bank is responsible to pay the money on the behalf of the importer, thereby the
bank should make sure that it has the proper funds to pay.
2. The goods –
Bankers need to do a detailed analysis against the risks associated with perish ability of
the goods, possible obsolescence, import regulations packing and storage, etc. Price risk
is another crucial factor associated with all modes of international trade.

65
3. Exporter Risk:
There is always the risk of exporting inferior quality goods. Banks need to be protective
by finding out as much possible about the exporter using status report and other
confidential information.
4. Country Risk :
These types of risks are mainly associated with the political and economic scenario of a
country. To solve this issue, most banks have specialized unit which control the level of
exposure that that the bank will assumes for each country.
5. Foreign exchange risk:
Foreign exchange risk is another most sensitive risk associated with the banks. As the
transaction is done in foreign currency, the traders depend a lot on exchange rate
fluctuation

66
9.2 BILL OF LADING:
 It is generally abbreviated to BOL or B/L.
 It can be used as a traded object and as a evidence of the contract of
carriage of goods.
 The term bill of lading consists of two words - 'bill' .and 'lading'. The term
4
bill' means the cost for any services supplied and the term lading' means to
load a cargo onto a ship or transport.
 A bill of lading is a document which acknowledges that the particular
goods have been loaded on board as cargo for transporting to a definite
address to the identified exporter of that goods.
 The B/L document is issued by the transportation company or carrier into a
shipper and the document is also signed by the captain of the /board.
9.2.1Terms indicated on B/L:
 Complete name and address of the carrier or the transportation.
 The particular vessel on which the goods have been placed,
 Their intended destination, and
 The terms for transporting the shipment.
 A short description of the gods to be shipped.
 The most important fact is that the bill of lading serves as evidence of a
valid contract of carriage between the consignor and the carrier. It is a
document issued by the carrier confirming that the goods described on the
contract matches with the received goods on board in good condition.
 It is also a document of transfer that governs all the legal aspects of
physical carriage and it may be endorsed affecting ownership of the goods.
 It creates a safe and liable carriage of the goods as it binds the carrier to its
terms and the owner of the goods at a specific moment.

67
9.2.2 Types of Bill of Lading:
The main types of Bill of Lading are given below-
 Straight bill of lading
 Order Mil of lading
 Bearer bill of lading
 Surrender bill of lading
 Inland Bill of Lading
 Ocean Bill of Lading,
 Through Bill of Lading, and
 Air Bill of Lading.
9.2.2.1 Straight bill of lading:
 It is not negotiable.
 Goods arc consigned to a specified person.
 In this B/L, if the endorser wrongfully failed to disclose the endorsee will
have a right to claim damages for failing to transfer.
 This type of bill of lading is not safe.
9.2.2.2 Order bill of lading:
1. It is negotiable.
2. In this B/L the delivery is to be made to the further order of the
consignee.
3. Delivery can be transferred by physical delivery of the bill accompanied
by adequate evidence of consignee's intention,
4. It can be negotiated by physical delivery.
5. Delivery is to be made to the one who holds the bill.
6. It is an order bill that fails to nominate the consignee whether in its
original form.

68
9.2.2.3Surrender bill of lading:
1. This is a direct liability.
2. It states that when the Surrender bill of lading is handed over, the title to
the goods and power of sale over the goods is surrendered.
3. The Bill of Lading can also be categorized depending on the terms for
transporting. They are-
9.2.2.4 Inland Bill of Lading:
1. It is an agreement between a shipper and a transportation company for the
transportation of goods overland to the exporter's international transportation
company.
2. It may be negotiable or non-negotiable.
3. This is necessary for the domestic transportation of goods.
9.2.2.5 Ocean bill of lading:
1. It is an agreement between an exporter and international carrier for the goods.
2. Shipment of goods to a foreign location overseas. It may be negotiable or non-
negotiable, This is necessary for the international carriage of goods.
9.2.2.6 Through Bill of Lading:
1. It is an agreement upon transportation of the goods between a shipper and
carrier.
2. It covers the domestic and international transportation merchandise providing
the details of the agreement Of transept between specific locations.
9.2.2.7 Air Bill of Lading:
It establishes terms of flights for the transportation of goods. Domestically and
internationally. It is an agreement to prove the carriers acceptance of the shipper's
goods and to carry those goods to a specific airport.

69
9.2.3 Depending on the terms of negotiation, the Bill of Lading can be categorized into two
categories:
Here are the categories.
1. Negotiable Bill of Lading
2. Non-negotiable Bill of Lading
Negotiable Bill of Lading:
If the bill of lading is negotiable, the person who is the owner of the bill lading
has the right of ownership of the goods and the right to ro-route the of pimento.
Non-negotiable Bill of Lading: This type of bill of lading are non negotiable. If the bill of lading
is non-negotiable, the transportation carrier is required to provide delivery only to
the consignee named in the document.

70
9.3 Pro Forma Invoice:
A pro forma invoice is a document prepared in advance of a sale to provide evidence of the final form and
amount of invoice.
o It is a form of a quotation.
 Specify a time limit for the validity of the offer.
o A pro forma invoice should be printed on letterhead stationery.
o A pro forma invoice should contain:
 Description of each item
 Quantity of each item
 Unit and total price
 Terms of sale
 Shipping and packing charges
 Net and gross weight
A pro forma invoice should contain enough detail to help the buyer to:
o Open a letter of credit.
o Obtain an import permit.

71
9.3.1 A model of Pro-forma Invoice is given below
PI NO. NTL / PI / EXPORT /ITI/0001/ 2012
Beneficiary : Niagara Textiles Ltd
27,Bijoy Nagar,Suite# C(1st Floor)
Factory : Chandra Circle,
Union-Atabah,Kaliakair,Gazipur.
SL STYLE NO P. O DESCRIPTION FABRICATION RATE / PCS AMOUNT DELIVERY DATE
1
IS-NV60-
9706_BOYS_CAD
Neveda Infant Boys
100% Cotton single
jersey-160
30660
3 PCS
PACK
$3.50 $107,310.00 10.10.2012
2
IS-NV60-
9707_GIRLS_CAD
Neveda Infant Girls
100% Cotton single
jersey-160
30660
3 PCS
PACK
$3.50 $107,310.00 10.10.2012
0
(US.Dollar Two hundred fourteen thousand six hundred twenty only)
Conditions:
Payment :
Terms of Sale: FOB
Shipment: As per mentioned date in the order sheets, 10 October 2012,as this the last shipment date.
Partial Shipment : Allowed
Transhipment: Allowed
Charges: All Bank charge including reimbursement and amendment (if any) are at openers account.
Insurance: Will be covered by Buyer.
Please follow previous L/C's opend in favor of Niagara Textiles Ltd by International Trading Inc.
For and on behalf of Accepted & Confirmed by:
Authorised Signature International Trading Inc.
Niagara Textiles Ltd
Proforma Invoice
NIAGARA TEXTILES LTD
HEAD OFFICE : 27,BIJOY NAGAR,SUITE # C-1 (1ST FLOOR),DHAKA-1000, BANGLADESH.
Apllicant : International Trading Inc.
24/64,Asher Nagar,60 Feet Road,
Avinashi Road,Gandhi Nagar.
Factory : Chandra Circle, Union-Atabah, Kaliakair, Gazipur, Tel : 06822-51233-4, Fax : 06822-51231
Tirupur-641603
Tamilnadu,India.
QUANTITY
$214,620.00
100% irrevocable & at sight L/C in US$ in through Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited,
VIP Road Branch,Kakrail,Dhaka-1000,Bangladesh. A/C No: 20502230900000608,SWIFT: IBBLBDDH223
L/C terms &
Conditions :
Total

72
9.4 Commercial Invoice:
During the fixation of FOB price following notes are to be followed carefully:
1. Cost of fabric / Doz. Garments (Woven/Knit)or Cost of yarn /Doz. garments (in case of
sweater).
2. Cost of accessories /Doz. garments.
3. CM (Cost of manufacturing)/doz. Garments.
4. Cost of transportation from factory to seaport or airport.
5. Clearing & fonuarding cost.
6. Overhead Cost.
7. Commission/Profit.

73
9.5 PACKING LIST FOR SOLID COLOR:
DATE: 18/11/2012 ORD QTY- 625 PCS
Ref: Z13-1167 SHIPED QTY- 625 PCS
ORDER NO: Z13/100-000-017
COLOR SIZE / ITEM CTN/
PCS
CTN NO TTL CTN TOTAL PCS
86/
92
98/
104
110
/11
6
122/
128
134/
140
146/
152
158/
164
JACKY
ORANGE
10 10 01 1 10
25 25 02 1 25
35 35 03 1 35
40 40 04 1 40
40 40 05 1 40
25 25 06 1 25
15 15 07 1 15
TOTAL =7 CTN = 190 PCS
JACKY
ORANGE
10 10 08 1 10
25 25 09 1 25
35 35 10 1 35
40 40 11 1 40
40 40 12 1 40
25 25 13 1 25
15 15 14 1 15
OPTICAL
WHITE
10 10 15 1 10
15 15 16 1 15
20 20 17 1 20
25 25 18 1 25
25 25 19 1 25
15 15 20 1 15
10 10 21 1 10
OPTICAL
WHITE
10 10 22 1 10
15 15 23 1 15
20 20 24 1 20
25 25 25 1 25
25 25 26 1 25
15 15 27 1 15
10 10 28 1 10

74
SUMMARY
COLOR SIZE TOTAL
86/92 98/104 110/116 122/128 134/140 146/152 158/164
JACKY
ORANGE
10 25 35 40 40 25 15 = 190 PCS
JACKY
ORANGE
10 25 35 40 40 25 15 = 190 PCS
OPTICAL
WHITE
10 15 20 25 25 15 10 = 120 PCS
OPTICAL
WHITE
10 15 20 25 25 15 10 = 120 PCS
TOTAL = 625 PCS
TOTAL CTNS = 28 CTNS
GROSS WEIGHT = KGS
NET WEIGHT = KGS
CTN MEAS = 40 X 30 X 20 CM

75
9.6 Shipping documentation:
A list of primary shipping documents with links to examples.
Numerous documents are required for shipping. The primary documents are listed below
with links to samples. Exporters should seriously consider having a freight forwarder
handle the formidable amount of documentation that exporting requires, as forwarders are
specialists in this process.
Documentation must be precise because slight discrepancies or omissions may prevent
merchandise from being exported, result in nonpayment, or even result in the seizure of
the shipment by customs. Collection documents are subject to precise time limits and
may not be honored by a bank if time has expired.
Most documentation is routine for freight forwarders and customs brokers, but the
exporter is ultimately responsible for the accuracy of its contents.
The following documents are commonly used in the shipping process:
Airway bill
Bill of lading
Commercial invoice
Inspection certificate
Insurance certificate
Packing list
9.7 C&F mean Cost of Freight:
I.e. FOB (Cost) + Freight = C & F. In the case ship or airfreight is carried by the exporter while
quoting price, the exporter quotes price a bit higher than FOB. The whole responsibility
including the sending of goods to the selected port of the importer is shouldered by the exporter
ship or air. Freight may vary from place to place and shippers to shippers.
9.8 CIF means Cost insurance & Freight:
In this case, in addition to the bearing of freight the Cost of insurance is also borne by the
exporter. The exporter, while quoting CIF price, quotes much higher than C & F value i.e. C & F
+ Insurance = CIF. Normally we can add 1% to 1.5% insurance charge with CIF Price.

76
Chapter 10
Mail communication

77
From the technical package sending to the shipment, each and every day a mail
communication is done which keep update about the information which are related to the
production. Each and every type of problems which are faced during the production are
being solved through the mail communication.

79
11.1 Conclusion:
Firstly we would like to thank God for helping us for finishing this work. We would like
to thanks to our favorite teacher Mr. Adnan Zaber Mahamud for giving us such an
interesting and informative and carrier oriented topic. Merchandising is a managerial
work. It is the center of all garments related activities. We learn sample development,
garments costing, quality, banking, buyer negotiation by thesis. We learn how
much fabric required for 1 dozen garments. How much thread required for 1 dozen
garments sewing and costing calculation etc. Bangladesh is a developing country
in this country unemployment problem is slightly overcoming by our garments or
apparel sector. A huge number of people are working in this sector. Initially, the
situation of this sector is not so good but now a day this sector is earning a lot of
foreign currency, around 75%-80% of our total economic growth which is making
our economic sector very strong. And merchandisers are those people who are
working here day to night in order to develop this sector. Merchandisers’ goal is to
collect order, execute, develop the best & supply the best and achieve the safety
and trust from buyer.
11.2 Limitations
 Because of secrecy act, the data of costing and marketing activities have not been
supplied properly.
 All types of information and related topics were not supplied due security act.
 We had a very limited time.
 It is not possible to summarize everything about a topic in a book.

80
Reference:
Books :
1. Garments and Textile Merchandising
By – M.A Razzaque
2. Garments Manufacturing Technology
By- Md. Saiful Azam, Md. Abu Saleh & Khondokar Abu Nafiz
Class Lecture Sheet.
Internet:
01. http://www.bkmea.com/history_of_development.php
02. http://www.scribd.com/doc/52648740/2/RMG-SECTOR-IN-BANGLADESH
03. http://www.undp.org.bd/library/policypapers/Policy%20dialogue%2020.pdf
04. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_merchandising
05. http://www.letterofcredit.biz/Recovable_Letter_of_Credit.html
06. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/irrevocable-letter-of-credit-L-
C.html
07. http://www.eastink.com/frequently-asked-questions/62-types-of-letter-of-
credit.html

81
08.http://www.eximguru.com/exim/guides/exportfinance/ch_3_letter_of_credi
t_lc.aspx#types_of_letter_of_credit
09. http://www.prlog.org/10534168-different-types-of-letter-of-credit.html
10. http://scotiabank.com/images/en/filesbusiness/1180.pdf
11. http://blanker.org/proforma-invoice
12. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_of_lading
13. http://www.ct-clic.com/newsletters/customer-files/inventory0602.pdf
15.http://www.teonline.com/knowledge-centre/trims-closures-accessories.html
16. http://www.textileaffairs.com/c-common.htm

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