An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a Drone, is an aircraft without a human pilot on board. UAVs can be remote controlled aircraft (e.g. flown by a pilot at a ground control station) or can fly autonomously based on pre-programmed flight plans or more complex dynamic automation systems
A UAV is defined as being capable of controlled, sustained level flight and powered by a jet or reciprocating engine. In addition, a cruise missile can be considered to be a UAV, but is treated separately on the basis that the vehicle is the weapon.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are aircrafts that fly without any humans being onboard. They are either remotely piloted, or piloted by an onboard computer. This kind of aircrafts can be used in different military missions such as surveillance, reconnaissance, battle damage assessment, communications relay, minesweeping, hazardous substances detection and radar jamming. However they can be used in other than military missions like detection of hazardous objects on train rails and investigation of infected areas. Aircrafts that are able of hovering and vertical flying can also be used for indoor missions like counter terrorist operations
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2. Introduction
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), known as a
drone, is an aircraft without a human pilot.
Drone stands for Dynamic Remotely Operated
Navigation Equipment
Its flight is either controlled autonomously by
computers or under the remote control of a pilot
on the ground
3. Birth of uAv’s
The earliest attempt at a powered unmanned
aerial vehicle was A. M. Low's "Aerial Target" of
1916
After World War-I, including the first scale RPV,
developed by the film star and model airplane
enthusiast Reginald Denny in 1935
The birth of U.S. UAVs began in 1959 when
United States Air Force officers, concerned about
losing pilots over hostile territory.
The August 2 &4, 1964,U.S. Navy initiated
America's highly classified UAVs into their first
combat missions of the Vietnam War.
4. uAv is A “system”
Unmanned AircraftTransportable
Ground control System
Cockpit
5. Sub-System of UAVs
COMMUNICATIONS:-
Operates on ultra high frequency
Communicates with ku-band system
Operates with uplink frequencies from 15.15 to 15.35 GHz
and downlink frequency 14.40 GHz to 14.83 GHz
NAVIGATION:-
Avionics use satellite based system such as GPS and WAAS
It calculates position automatically
6. MONITORING:-
Includes GPS system
High resolution video camera
Super high resolution still camera
COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM:-
Use traffic and collision system
Smaller aircraft use simple traffic alerting system
Aircraft use ground proximity warning system
WEATHER SYSTEM:-
Use weather radar and lighting detector system
10. DRDO Rustom
• Rustom is a Medium Altitude
Long Endurance unmanned
combat air vehicle being
developed by DRDO.
• Digital Flight Control and
Navigation System, Automatic
Take off and Landing.
• Aerodynamic configurations,
High aspect ratio wing,
Composite airframe
integrated with propulsion
system, De-icing system for
wings
11. DRDO Nishant
• The DRDO Nishant is an developed by India's ADE .
• Day/night capability training vehicle.
• Its range of Service ceiling:3,600 m (upto 11,800 ft)
12. LAKSHYA PTA
Lakshya is an
Indian remotely
piloted high speed
target drone system
developed by ADE of
DRDO.
Service ceiling:
9,000 m (29,528 ft)
5,000 metres
(16,404 ft) with
towed target.
Launch: Rocket
Assisted
13. Comparison with US DRONE
US Drone-Global Hawk:
• Length-13.5m
• Wingspam-35.4m
• Height-4.6m
• Empty-Weight-3850kg
• Max loaded weight-10400kg
• Maximum speed-650kmph
• Service ceiling-20000m
• Endurance-34hours
Indian Drone-Rustom-H:
• Length-9.5m
• Wingspam-20.6m
• Height-6.1m
• Empty weight-1800kg
• Max loaded weight-2150kg
• Maximum Speed-225kmph
• Service ceiling-10668m
• Endurance-14hours
14. UAV vs. Manned Aircraft
Remotely piloted vehicles will never fully replace manned
aircraft
They can perform an increasingly sophisticated array of
missions due to their small size and decreased radar.
To wholly replace man would be expensive and technically
risky.
UAS should be only considered for certain types of
missions for which it can be a cost effective
With a continuing trend of miniaturization in electronics,
the UAV can be made much smaller and cheaper
Size largely determined by the size of the payload,
15. • IN COUNTER TERRORISM ACTIVITY:
• IN COMMERCIALAERIAL
SURVEILLANCE:
16. IN OIL, GAS AND MINERAL
EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION:
IN TRANSPORT
IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
IN ARMED ATTACKS:
IN SEARCH & RESCUE:
17. ADVANTAGES
Does not contain, or need, a qualified pilot on board
Can enter environments that are dangerous to
human life
Reduces the exposure risk of the aircraft operator
Performing visual or thermal imaging of a region
Measuring cell phone, radio, or, TV coverage over
any terrain
Can be programmed to complete the mission
autonomously even when contact with its GCS is lost
18. DISADVANTAGES
Immoral
Civilian casualties
Angers many people in foreign countries(infringe
upon sovereignty)
Can be hacked or given viruses
Too small for transportation of materials
Low resistance to weather
Cannot refuel in flight
If contact is lost with the ground station, the vehicle
may be lost.
19. CONCLUSION
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are an exciting field
in the world of aviation, with new discoveries.
Over the next 16 years, UAVs will become a
significant component of military, civil, and
perhaps even commercial aviation.
However, the very dynamic nature of the field
also creates a significant amount of
uncertainty. The wide range of UAV physical
and performance characteristics, many of
which will be very unlike any current aircraft,
will place additional challenges on an air
traffic management system.