2. Q: COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND
COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING
HISTORY OF CAD:1940s:
Came into existence, by Dr. Robert Issac newton.
1960s:
Found use in the aircraft and automotive industries.
Also used by 3D surface and NC programming the first
commercial user of CAD.
1971:
Founding of MCS (Manufacturing And Consulting Services Inc.)
by Dr. P. J. Hanratty, one of the most influential events.
3. COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN:
Definition:
CAD (computer-aided design) software is
used by architects, engineers, drafters,
artists, and others to create accurate
drawings or technical
illustrations. CAD software can be used to
create two-dimensional (2-D) drawings or
three-dimensional (3-D) models.
4. WHO USES THIS:
1.Architects. 2.Animation industry. 3.Automobile industry. 4.Aerospace Industry.
5.Gaming industry
6.Fashion Designers 7.Machine-Manufacturers
Used By Architects:
• Architects use CAD to make maps of the house or some
building which they want to made.
• It is used for proper calculations of the building.
• With the help of this software they make the building good
and there is proper way of light at day or proper air in the
building by the use of windows at proper place.
5. USED IN AEROSPACE INDUSTRY:
• The aerospace industry produces satellites, space
vehicles, missiles, and aircrafts.
• Any one of these products usually costs millions
of dollars, and as such AutoCAD sample drawings
play an important role in the first step of the
design process.
• Before starting work on the final product, the
details are thoroughly planned with the AutoCAD
software.
6. USED IN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY:
• Now we are talking about the automobile industry
and Cad also used there for the design of the cars
and other vehicles.
• How to design the new model first they draw the
model on the computer by complete calculations
and if they feel good with that model they make
practical on that drawing.
• That type of activity save their cost also.
7. OVERVIEW OF CAD:
• Current Computer-Aided Design software ranges
from 2D vector-based drafting systems to 3D solid
and surface modelers. Newer models of CAD
packages allow rotations in three dimensions,
allowing viewing of a designed object from any
angle.
• Some CAD software is capable of dynamic
mathematic modeling - CADD — computer-aided
design and drafting.
8. • CAD is also used throughout the manufacturing
process from conceptual design and layout of
products, through strength and dynamic analysis of
assemblies.
• CAD is used in the design of tools and machinery
and drafting and design of all types of buildings,
from small residential building to the largest
commercial and industrial structures.
CAD Advantages:
1) Precise 2) 3d Detailed Drawing. 3) You can resize easily by using calculations. 4) Easier
to see the calculation. 5) More economical and efficient. 6) Computerized models. 7)
Storage and Retrieval.
9. DISADVANTAGES OF CAD:
• The initial costs of buying computer
systems are always quite high.
• Recurring costs for software updates are
expensive and time consuming.
• Information can be instantly lost or
corrupted if a computer problem occurs and
there are no back ups.
10. HOW IT WORKS:
1. Product is conceived by engineer.
2. Product is designed using CAD software.
3. CAD data is transferred to manufacturing
machine’s memory.
4. Machine uses the CAD data to produce the
product, with little human intervention.
11. LIST OF SOFTWARE NAMES:
1) ArchiCAD 2) AutoCAD 3) Auto desk inventor.
4) Auto turn 5) Cadwork 6) Constructor.
7) High-Design. 8) IntelliCAD 9) KiCAD 10) NX.
Introduction:
CAM engineers similarly use computer modeling to
determine the best overall manufacturing procedures
for use in an industrial plant, including the testing and
handling of finished products. Engineers use CAD and
CAM together to create the design in CAD on one
computer, then transmit the design to a second
computer that creates the part using CAM.
12. COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING:
Definition:
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use
of computer software to control machine tools and
related machinery in the manufacturing of work
pieces.
OR:
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is an application
technology that uses computer software and
machinery to facilitate and automate manufacturing
processes
13. OLD SYSTEM (WITHOUT CAM):
• Product is designed without CAM software
• Each production machine is programmed individually OR
– if not automated :
• Employees are trained on proper production of the product.
New System (using CAM):
• Product is designed with CAM software
• Product specifications are sent over the plant network to each machine
• Machines have ‘intelligence’ to produce the products without human
intervention
14. CAM USES:
• One of the primary uses of Cam software is
for the creation of machine toolpath.
• This is the path in which cutting tool will
take to cut the material in most efficient
manner to save time and achieve the closest
result to the finished piece.
• It is further divided into two toolpaths that
are 2d toolpath and 3d toolpath.
15. 2D TOOLPATH:
• 2D machining toolpath are used for creating the
majority of parts in manufacturing.
• There are roughing and finishing operations for the
majority of the machining.
Roughing:
• A roughing toolpath is generally used in the CAD/CAM
CNC programming phase for removing the most amount
of material possible, as accurately and as efficiently as
possible.
Finishing:
Finishing toolpath comes after roughing and essentially
“finishes” the cutting process removing the last amount
of material on the machine to complete the machining
process.
16. 3D TOOLPATH:
• This software is designed to prevent problems in
workflows.
• This software provides high levels of control for
machining.
• 3D paths suitable for water jet cutting, precise
operations with minimal operator involvement.
A Real World Example:
C D War and Associates turned to CAM:
• Converting the artistic garment specification into a
technical specification.
• Using the technical specification to calculate yarn
weights and manufacturing times.
17. C D Ward and Associates CAM solution:
• Enables faster turnaround of new products.
• Reduces waste by using raw materials more
efficiently.
Advantages:
• Increased productivity.
• Error free drafting.
• Repeatability.
• Three dimension modeling.
• Lower overhead cost.
• Gives us zoom feature similar to a camera lens.
• Design can altered easily.
18. LIMITATION:
1) Expensive software. 2) Special skills required.
3) Expensive machine required. 4) High maintenance
cost. 5) Nature of material of the object.
Software:
1) GibbsCAM 2) Dassault systems 3) Siemens PLM
software. 4) Delcam 5)Vero software 6)PTC
7)Tebis 8)OPEN MIND Technologies. 9)Cimatron.
Typical areas of concern:
1) High Speed Machining. 2) Multi-function Machining
3) Feature recognition and machining
4)Automation of Machining processes 5) Ease of Use
20. Need for CAD & CAM:
• To increase productivity of Designer.
• To improve quality of design.
• To improve communication.
• To create a manufacturing database.
• To create and test tool paths.
Conclusion:
• Less chances of error.
• More reliable.
• All the work done with proper calculation.
• Both CAD & CAM use together.
