1. Bio Computing
Abdullah Farhad
MCSCE,1st Semester

2. Topics
 Bio Computing
 DNA
 DNA computing
 Conventional vs DNA computer
 Application
ABDULLAH FARHAD

3. Why Bio Computing ??
ABDULLAH FARHAD
 Moore’s Law states that silicon microprocessor
complexity will double in every 18 months.
 One day this will no longer hold true when
miniaturization limits are reached.
 Solving complex problems which today's
supercomputers are unable to perform in
stipulated period of time.
 Require a Successor to Silicon

4. BIOLOGICAL COMPUTERS
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5. What is Biological Computing?
 Biological Computing means such a
computing process which use synthesized
biological components to store and
manipulate data analogous to processes in
the human body.
 The result is small ; faster computing process
that operates with great accuracy.
 Main biological component used in
Biological Computing is : DNA
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6. What is DNA?
 DNA Stands for DeOxyRiboNucleicAcid.
 A hereditary material found in almost all living
organisms.
 Located inside the nucleus of a cell.
 Helps in long term storage of information.
 DNA is stored as a
code made of four chemical bases(A,T,G ,C).
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7. Structure of DNA
 The two strands of DNA
molecule are anti parallel
where each strand runs
in opposite direction.
 Complementary base
pairs
Adenine(A) &Thymine(T)
Guanine(G)&Cytosine(C)
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8. Graphical Representation of Inherent
bonding properties of DNA
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9. What is a DNA Computer?
INVENTOR :Dr. Leonard Adleman
 DNA computer is a molecular
computer that works biochemically
to solve complex problems and
different possible solutions are
created all at once.
 It computes using enzymes that
react with DNA strands and cause
chain reactions.
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10. Evolution of the DNA Computer(2)
DNA computer moved from test
tubes on to gold plates
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11. Evolution of the DNA Computer(3)
First Practical DNA computer
unveiled in 2002 , used in gene
analysis.
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12. Evolution of the DNA Computer(4)
Self powered DNA computer
unveiled in 2003.
o First programmable autonomous computing
machine in which the input,output,software
and hardware are all made of DNA
molecules.
o Can perform a billion operations per second
with 99.8% accuracy
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13. Properties of a DNA computer
Dense data storage.
Massively parallel computation.
Extraordinary energy efficiency.
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14. How Dense is the Data Storage?
1 gram of DNA =2.2
Petabytes
1 PB =
1000000000000000B
= 1015bytes = 1000
terabytes.
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Photo: European Molecular Biology
Laboratory
Nick Goldman

15. How Dense is the Data
Storage?(Continuous……….)
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 The number of CDs required to hold this
amount of information, lined up edge to
edge, would circle the Earth 375 times, and
would take1630 centuries to listen to.

16. How Enormous is the Parallelism?
 A test tube of DNA can contain trillions of
strands. Each operation on a test tube of DNA
is carried out on all strands in the tube in
parallel !
ABDULLAH FARHAD

17. How Extraordinary is the Energy
Efficiency?
Modern supercomputers = 109
operations/joule
DNA computer = 2*10^19
operations/joule
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18. Conventional vs. Biological Computers
Conventional Biological
Component
materials
Inorganic, e.g.
silicon
Biological,e.g.DNA
Processing scheme Sequential and
limited massively
parallel
Massively parallel
Energy efficient ? No Yes
Quantum effects a
problem?
Yes No
Toxic components? Yes No
ABDULLAH FARHAD

19. Advantages of DNA computers
Cheap resource & plentiful supply.
DNA biochips can be made
cleanly so no toxic materials are
used.
Many times smaller in size than
current Computers.
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20. Advantages(Continuous...)
Taiwan introduces world's 1st
DNA chip
 They are planning to use this Chip on ID card
to crack down frauds using fake ID cards.
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21. Disadvantages
Not completely accurate at this
moment in time.
During an operation, 95% chance a particular
DNA molecule will “Compute” correctly.
DNA has a Half life
Solutions could dissolve away before the end
result is found
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22. Applications of DNA computing
DNA chips
Cryptography
Genetic Programming
Medical Application
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23. Conclusion
DNA computers showing enormous
potential, especially for medical
purposes as well as data processing
applications.
Still a lot of work and resources
required to develop it into a fully
fledged product.
ABDULLAH FARHAD

24. Reference
• http://www.neatorama.com/2013/01/23/Each-Gram-of-DNA-
Holds-Half-a-Million-DVDs/#!GuIF3
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_computer
• http://sgugenetics.pbworks.com/w/page/47747543/DNA%20Micr
oarray%20Manufacture1
• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/microarray/
• http://www.transcriptome.ens.fr/sgdb/presentation/principle.php#
data_analysis
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_microarray
• http://www.slideshare.net/TJPetry/BIOInspiredComputingFinalV
ersion
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25. ABDULLAH FARHAD