2. Prof. SVK
What is Personality?What is Personality?
Personality
The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and
interacts with others.
Personality Traits
Enduring characteristics
that describe an
individual’s behavior.
Personality
Determinants
• Heredity
• Environment
• Situation
Personality
Determinants
• Heredity
• Environment
• Situation
3. Prof. SVK
The Myers-Briggs Type IndicatorThe Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Personality Types
• Extroverted vs. Introverted (E or I)
• Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or N)
• Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F)
• Judging vs. Perceiving (P or J)
Personality Types
• Extroverted vs. Introverted (E or I)
• Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or N)
• Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F)
• Judging vs. Perceiving (P or J)
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
A personality test that taps four characteristics and
classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types.
4. Prof. SVK
The Big Five Model of Personality DimensionsThe Big Five Model of Personality Dimensions
Extroversion
Sociable, gregarious, and assertive
Agreeableness
Good-natured, cooperative, and trusting.
Conscientiousness
Responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized.
Openness to Experience
Imaginativeness, artistic, sensitivity, and intellectualism.
Emotional Stability/Neuroticism
Calm, self-confident, secure (positive) versus nervous, depressed,
and insecure (negative).
6. Prof. SVK
Major Personality Attributes Influencing OBMajor Personality Attributes Influencing OB
Locus of control
Machiavellianism
Self-esteem
Self-monitoring
Risk taking
Type A personality
7. Prof. SVK
Locus of ControlLocus of Control
Locus of Control
The degree to which people believe they are
masters of their own fate.
Internals
Individuals who believe that they control what happens to
them.
Externals
Individuals who believe that what happens to them is
controlled by outside forces such as luck or chance.
8. Prof. SVK
MachiavellianismMachiavellianism
Conditions Favoring High Machs
• Direct interaction
• Minimal rules and regulations
• Emotions distract for others
Conditions Favoring High Machs
• Direct interaction
• Minimal rules and regulations
• Emotions distract for others
Machiavellianism (Mach)
Degree to which an individual is pragmatic,
maintains emotional distance, and believes that
ends can justify means.
9. Prof. SVK
Self-Esteem and Self-MonitoringSelf-Esteem and Self-Monitoring
Self-Esteem (SE)
Individuals’ degree of liking or disliking themselves.
Self-Monitoring
A personality trait that measures an individuals
ability to adjust his or her behavior to external,
situational factors.
10. Prof. SVK
Risk-TakingRisk-Taking
High Risk-taking Managers
– Make quicker decisions
– Use less information to make decisions
– Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial
organizations
Low Risk-taking Managers
– Are slower to make decisions
– Require more information before making decisions
– Exist in larger organizations with stable environments
Risk Propensity
– Aligning managers’ risk-taking propensity to job
requirements should be beneficial to organizations.
11. Type A PersonalityType A Personality
The theory describes Type A individuals as
ambitious, rigidly organized, highly status-
conscious, sensitive, impatient, take on more
than they can handle, want other people to get to
the point, anxious, proactive, and concerned with
time management.
People with Type A personalities are often high-
achieving "workaholics", push themselves with
deadlines, and hate both delays and ambivalence.
Prof. SVK
12. Type B personalityType B personality
They typically work steadily, and may enjoy
achievement, although they have a greater
tendency to disregard physical or mental stress
when they do not achieve.
When faced with competition, they may focus
less on winning or losing than their Type A
counterparts, and more on enjoying the game
regardless of winning or losing.
Unlike the Type A personality's rhythm of multi-
tasked careers, Type B individuals are sometimes
attracted to careers of creativity: writer,
counsellor, therapist, actor or actress.
Prof. SVK
19. Unconscious MindUnconscious Mind
Contains feelings,
thoughts and
memories beyond
our Awareness
Continuous
Influence on our
Behavior and
Action
(Dreams and
wishes)
Prof. SVK
22. IDID
Present from Birth
Animalistic and
Childish Desires and
no values
Operates on Pleasure
Principle, to gain
Pleasure and avoid
pain
Immediate
Satisfaction
I Want it and want it
right now
Exists in Unconscious
mindProf. SVK
23. Super EgoSuper Ego
Develops from 5 to 6
age
Opposite of the Id
Operates on Moral
principle
Differentiate b/w Good
and Bad
If we follow it , We feel
proud and if not
,then , We feel guilty
Exists in
Preconscious Mind
Prof. SVK
24. EgoEgo
Develops After Birth
In the middle of Id
And Super Ego
Organized and
Rational
Reality Principle
Responsible for
Dealing with Reality
Exists in Conscious
Mind
Prof. SVK
26. Erikson’s personalityErikson’s personality
Erikson suggested that there are
8 developmental stages as we
grow from childhood to
adulthood and at each of these
stages we face the trauma of
resolving certain critical
conflicts
Prof. SVK
27. Stage 1: Infancy ; Trust Vs Mistrust
Stage 2: Early childhood; Autonomy Vs shame and
doubt
Stage 3: Play age; Initiative Vs Guilt
Stage 4: School Age; Industry Vs Inferiority
Stage 5: Adolescence; Identity Vs Role Diffusion
Stage6: Early adulthood; Intimacy Vs Isolation
Stage 7: Adulthood; Generativity Vs Stagnation
Stage 8:Mature Adulthood; Ego Integrity Vs Despair
Prof. SVK