it consists of a study of lvdt, gears and filters

1. Submitted To:
Prof. Tilak Thakur

2.  Sensors and Transducers
LVDT
 Signal Conditioning devices
Filters
 Actuators
Gears

3.  Transducers are devices
that convert physical
parameter change into
either current or voltage
changes.
 Sensors convert some
physical parameter
change into some other
physical parameter
change
 Sensor + transductor =
transducer

4.  Capacitive transducer
 Inductive transducer (LVDT)
 Resistive transducer (strain gauge , potentiometric)
 Thermal transducer (thermocouples)
 Optical transducer
(photodiodes , photo resistors , phototransistors)

5. LVDT
(Linear variable differential transducer)

6. The linear variable differential
transducer(LVDT) (also called just a differential
transducer)
 Electrical transducer
 Used for measuring linear displacement
(position).
 The LVDT converts a position or linear
displacement from a mechanical reference
(zero, or null position) into a proportional
electrical signal containing phase (for
direction) and amplitude (for distance)
information.

8. The linear variable differential transformer has three
solenoidal coils placed end-to-end around a tube.
BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER

9. The center coil is the primary, and the two outer coils are the
top and bottom secondary's.
BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER

10. direction of winding of secondary coils are such that
voltage induced in them are in opposite
direction/phase.
BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER

11. BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER

12. BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER
A cylindrical ferromagnetic core, attached to the object whose position is to be
measured, slides along the axis of the tube.

13. BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER
A cylindrical ferromagnetic core, attached to the object whose position is to be
measured, slides along the axis of the tube.

14. BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER
A cylindrical ferromagnetic core, attached to the object whose position is to be
measured, slides along the axis of the tube.

15. BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER

16. SECONDARY
COIL `S2’
SECONDARY
COIL`S1’
CORE –
APPLIED
WEIGHT /
FORCE /
PRESSURE

17.  Let's study the working of LVDT by splitting
the cases into 3 based on the iron core
position inside the insulated former.

18. BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER
An alternating
current drives
the primary and
causes a voltage
to be induced in
each secondary
proportional to
the length of the
core linking to
the secondary.

19. BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER
An alternating
current drives
the primary and
causes a voltage
to be induced in
each secondary
proportional to
the length of the
core linking to
the secondary.

20. BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER

21. BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER

23.  Case 1: On applying an external force which is the
displacement, if the core reminds in the null position itself
without providing any movement then the voltage induced
in both the secondary windings are equal which results in
net output is equal to zero i.e., Esec1-Esec2=0

26.  Case 2: When an external force is applied and if the steel
iron core moves in the right hand side direction then the
emf induced in the secondary coil 2 is greater when
compared to the emf voltage induced in the secondary
coil1. Therefore the net output voltage will be Esec2-Esec1.

27. BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER

28. BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER

29. BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER

30. BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER

31. BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER

32. BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER

33.  Case 3: When an external force is applied and if the steel
iron core tends to move in the left hand side direction then
the emf voltage induced in the secondary coil is greater
when compared to the emf induced in the secondary coil
2. Therefore the net output will be Esec1-Esec2

34. BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER

35. BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER

36. BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER

37. BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER

38. BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER

39. Applications :

40. Cartoon interpretation
TUG
OF
WAR

41. If right side players exert more force
than the left hand side players ,there
will be a net motion towards right side
.thus right side will dominate
If left side players exert more force
than the right hand side players ,there
will be a net motion towards left side
.thus left side will dominate
If force exerted by both
the sides is same then
there will be no net
motion. No side
dominates.
Motion of the rope can be compared to the motion of the conductor in
LVDT. Dominating side tells whether the net voltage is in direction of
secondary coil 1 or 2.

44. DEFINITION
changing shape ,size
and energy of the
signal coming from
sensors and
transducers is known
as input signal
conditioning.
NEED
signal is almost impure
it is analogue
energy level is less

46. FILTERS: These are the devices that remove certain band of frequencies from a signal
and permit others to be transmitted.
THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF FILTERS:
A)LOW PASS FILTER- allows frequencies from 0 up to certain frequency to be
transmitted.
B) HIGH PASS FILTERS- allows frequencies from a certain frequency up to infinity to
be transmitted.
C)BAND-PASS FILTERS- allows all the frequencies within a certain band to be
transmitted.

48. FILTER
FILTER

49. Low pass filter

50. HIGH pass filter

51. BAND pass filter

52. BAND STOP filter

53. Cartoon interpretation
Low pass filter :
Low and high
frequency
Low pass
filter
Low
frequency
Wheat + bran sieve wheat

54. Cartoon interpretation
Band pass filter :
Band pass filter
Willing for ride (Entry for people age b/w 5 to 80)
(Frequencies willing to pass)
Eligible for ride
(Frequencies in a particular range allowed)

55. High pass
filter
6.5 7.9
8.4
10
Cartoon interpretation
Futures
first(consultancy
firm)
Only those
candidates can sit
for the interview
Whose CGPA is
greater than 8.5
High pass filter :
Frequencies passing through the circuit
Frequencies above a certain
frequency are allowed to pass

56. THESE ARE FINAL
DECSION
IMPLEMENTING
DEVICES.

57. ELECTRICAL
ACTUATOR
MECHANICAL
ACTUATOR
PNEUMATIC
ACTUATOR
HYDRAULIC
ACTUATOR

58.  It is a mechanical actuator
 It is used to transform and transfer a rotational
motion from one axis to another

67. the counter
shaft has
smaller gear
on it in mesh
with the
output shaft
gear

68. the counter
shaft has
smaller gear
on it in mesh
with the
output shaft
gear

69. the counter
shaft has
smaller gear
on it in mesh
with the
output shaft
gear

70. The power is
transferred
by the
smaller gear
on input
shaft to
larger gear
on the
output along
counter
shaft.

71. The power is
transferred
by the
smaller gear
on input
shaft to
larger gear
on the
output along
counter

72. The power is
transferred
by the
smaller gear
on input
shaft to
larger gear
on the
output along
counter
shaft.

73. The power is
transferred
by the
smaller gear
on input
shaft to
larger gear
on the
output along
counter
shaft.

74. The output turns in the same direction as input
but in a ratio dependent upon the sizes of gears.

75. The output turns in the same direction as input
but in a ratio dependent upon the sizes of gears.

76. Since two types of gears are used so their ratio is
compounded together or multiplied together
The output turns in the same direction as input
but in a ratio dependent upon the sizes of gears.

77. Applications

78. Applications
Differential gear

79. Applications

80. Crane is transporting car from one
place to another
Crane can be considered as gear train
Car can be considered as rotational motion
Place from where the car is carried from and going to can be
regarded as axis
Cartoon interpretation

81. Combined
System

82. BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER
V out FILTER
amplifier
As the man pushes core of sensor,
Electrical signal(A.C.) is generated. The
signal Is conditioned by filter ,then amplified
by Amplifier . So final current will get
Into motor and a part of door gets opened
and then by the use of gears we opened the
other part of door also.
motor