A see through of school of design and arts Bauhaus. History, philosophy, works, people, impact etc in one single presentation.

1. PREPARED BY:-
Vishal Kumar
Shubhanshu Singh
Rishav Gupta
Prashant Kumar
Ankit Verma
for
School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal

2. Bauhaus
Staatliches Bauhaus commonly known simply as Bauhaus, was
an art school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts,
and was famous for the approach to design that it taught.
• The Bauhaus was founded in 1919 in the city of Weimar,
Germany by German Architect Walter Gropius.
• It consolidated the Avant Garde
trends of its time.

3. History
• Germany's defeat in World War I, the fall of the German
monarchy and the abolition of censorship under the new,
liberalWeimar Republic allowed an upsurge of radical
experimentation in all the arts.
• In 1919,a lengthy debate over who should head the
institution and the socio-economic meanings of a
reconciliation of the fine arts and the applied arts, Gropius
was made the director of a new institution integrating the
two called the Bauhaus.

4. The proclamation of the Bauhaus
• Gropius explained this vision for a union of art and design in
the Proclamation of the Bauhaus (1919), which described a
utopian craft guild combining architecture, sculpture, and
painting into a single creative expression. Gropius developed
a craft-based curriculum that would turn out artisans and
designers capable of creating useful and beautiful objects
appropriate to this new system of living.

5. Bauhaus at Weimar 1919-1925

6. Preliminary coursework
• The Bauhaus combined
elements of both fine arts
and design education.
• Preliminary taught students,
who come from a diverse
range of social and
educational backgrounds, in
the study of materials, color
theory, and formal
relationships in preparation
for more specialized studies.

7. Specialised workshops
• Students entered specialized
workshops, which included
metalworking, cabinetmaking,
weaving, pottery, typography,
and wall painting.
• Although Gropius' initial aim was
a unification of the arts through
craft.
• Gropius repositioned the goals in
1923, stressing the importance
of designing for mass
production.
• the school adopted the slogan
"Art into Industry."

8. Shift from Weimer to Dassau
• Socialist party and anti
communists began to control
and influence Bauhaus in
Weimer.
• They wanted institute to
influence public to socialism
• After conflict Gropius decided
to end of school Dassau in
1924.
• Then it shifted to Dassau in
1925.

9. Bauhaus at Dessau-1925 -1932

10. Shift to Berlin (1931) and closing down
• By 1931, Socialist Party was
becoming more influential in
German politics. They gained control
of the Dessau ,they moved to close
the school.
• In late 1932, Mies rented a derelict
factory in Berlin to use as the new
Bauhaus with his own money.
• The students and faculty
rehabilitated the building, painting
the interior white. The school
operated for ten months without
further interference from the Nazi
Party. In 1933, it was closing down
the Berlin school.

11. Directors of Bauhaus
Walter Gropius
1919 -1928
Hannes Meyer
1928 -1930
Mies Van Der Rohe
1930-1933

12. Designers and artists taught at Bauhaus
• Lyonel Feininger
• Johannes Itten
• Wassily Kandinsky
• Gerhard Marcks
• Paul Klee
• Georg Muche
• Lothar Schreyer
• Oscar Schlemmer
• Laszlo Moholy-Nagy

13. Bauhaus Alumini
• Marcel Breuer
• Josef Albers
• Herbert Bayer
• Joost Schmidt
• Hinnerk Scheper
• Gunta Stolzl
• Marianne Brandt

14. Influences on Bauhaus &
transformation of Design
1. The expressionist workmanship phase (1919-1922)
2. Aesthetic functionalism (1922-1923)
3. New aesthetic for the industry and media (1924-1927)
4. Programmatic focus on economic efficiency and technical
and academic methodology (1928-1930)
5. Depoliticized School of Architecture (1930-1933)

15. The expressionist workmanship (1919-1922)
• The founding manifesto called for
consolidating arts under the
authority of architecture. It
followed the English Arts and
Crafts movement, propagating a
return to the stonemasons’s
lodge.
• Johannes Itten was inspired by
the religious philosophy of
BUDDHISM, a modern version of
Persian Zoroastrianism
advocating breathing exercises,
vegetarian diet, eurhythmics,
lantern festivals

16. Aesthetic functionalism (1922-1923)
• There was a shift in focus from
design as a form of expressive
experimentalism to design at the
service of industrial production.
• This ideological shift led to a
clash between Gropius and Itten.
• Itten was replaced by Laszlo
Moholy Nagy who replaced the
preliminary course with a
foundational one in line with
constructivists principles.
• This resulted in increasingly
intensified collaborations with
industry.

17. New aesthetic for the industry and
media (1924-1927)
• Industrial aesthetics was reflected
in clear and simple cube-like
forms, large reflective windows,
symbolising transparency and
dematerialisation, steel tube
furniture and metal lighting
designs.
• Lettering, typography and
advertising was added to the
academic programme.
• Architecture was added and taught
by Hannes Meyer.

18. Programmatic focus on economic efficiency,
technical & academic methods (1928 -1930)
• Hannes Meyer become director.
• Meyer’s socialist approach to
design making them affordable to
for the working class, emphasised
economic and commercial value
over aesthetics.
• Functional analysis was depicted in
a diagram form, with a wide range
of factors and scenarios relating to
building use, lighting, noise and
sequence of movement.
• Typography and design for printed
promotion materials was
dominated by clearly defined
motifs, in order to achieve clarity.

19. Depoliticised school (1930-1933)
• The radical right wing forced Meyer to resign and replaced him
with Mies Van Der Rohe.
• He restricted students rights, shortened the program to six
semesters, changed the objective and structure of the
workshops. In-house production was stopped.
• Eventually Herbert Bayer, Gropius, Mies van der rohe, Josef
and Anni Albers emigrated to the united states.

20. Bauhaus Today
• Emigrants did succeed, however, in spreading the concepts of
the Bauhaus to other countries, including the “New Bauhaus”
of Chicago:
• Mies decided to emigrate to the United States for the
directorship of the School of Architecture at the Armour
Institute (now Illinois Institute of Technology) in Chicago and
to seek building commissions.

21. THANK YOU