2. Contents
What are enzymes?
History of enzymes
Food industry (Main food processing
area)
Enzymes used in various food
industries
Dairy industry
Brewing industry
Baking industry
Wine and fruit juice making industry
Meat industry Enzymes used in food industry 2
3. What are ?
A substance produced by a living
organism that acts as a catalyst to
bring about a specific biochemical
reaction.
Enzymes used in food industry 3
4. Enzymes
• 2000 BC Egyptian and Sumerains developed fermentation for use in
brewing,
bread making and cheese making.
• 800 BC Calves’ stomach and the enzyme, chymosin, used for cheese
making.
• 1878 Yeast cells which cause fermentation were identified and the term
‘enzyme’ has first named meaning ‘in yeast’ in Greek.
• 1926 Enzymes were first shown to be protein.
• 1980 Enzyme preparation was developed to improved the digestibility
and
nutrient availability for animal feed.Enzymes used in food industry 4
6. Food processing combines raw food ingredients
to produce marketable food products that can be
easily prepared and served to the consumer.
Food processing
Food processing
Enzymes used in food industry 6
7. Enzymes used in food
industries
Dairy
production
Brewing Baking Wine and
fruit juice
Meat
Rennet
Lactase
Protease
Catalases
β-Glucanase
α-Amylase
Protease
Amylogluco-
sidase
Maltogenic
amylase
Glucose oxidase
Pentosenase
Pectinase
β-Glucanase
Protease
Papain
Enzymes used in food industry 7
9. Rennet
• Extracted from the forth stomach of young calves
• Contains enzymes that cause milk to become
cheese
• It separates solid curd and liquid whey
• Different animal rennet are used for different
cheese
• Most common vegetable rennet is “thistle”
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10. Lactase
• Present in the brush border of the small
intestine
• Artificially extracted from yeast
• Required for the digestion of whole milk
• Used in production of lactose free milk
• Also used in production of ice cream and
sweetened flavoured and condensed milks
Enzymes used in food industry 10
11. Catalase
• Produced from bovine livers or microbial sources
• Breaks down hydrogen peroxide to water and
molecular oxygen
• Along with glucose oxidase it is used in treating food
wrappers to prevent oxidation
• Also used to remove traces of hydrogen peroxide in
the process of cold sterilization
Enzymes used in food industry 11
12. Protease
• Widely distributed in biological world
• Hydrolyses the specific peptide bond to
generate para-k-casein and macro peptides in
production of cheese
• Results in bitter flavour to the cheese and also
in desired texture
Enzymes used in food industry 12
15. Protease
• Peptidase works to provide the wort with amino acid
nutrients that will be used by the yeast.
• Protease works to break up the larger proteins which
enhances the head retention of beer and reduces haze.
• In fully modified malts, these enzymes have done their
work during the malting process
Enzymes used in food industry 15
16. β – Glucanase
• Beta- Glucanase represents a group of carbohydrate
enzymes which break down glycosidic bonds within
beta-glucan
• Aids in filtration after mashing and brewing
Enzymes used in food industry 16
17. α - Amylase
• Converts starch to dextrins in producing corn
syrup
• Solubilizes carbohydrates found in barley and
other cereals used in brewing
• Decreases the time required for mashing
Enzymes used in food industry 17
18. Amyloglucosidase
• It is not as thermostable as Termamyl
• Optimum pH is 6.5
• Long incubation result in caramelisation of the
saccharides – resulting in product loss and
increase in impurities.
Enzymes used in food industry 18
20. Maltogenic amylase
• Flour supplement
• It has anti staling effect
• It modifies starch while most of the starch starts
to gelatinise
• Resulting starch granules become more flexible
during storage.
Enzymes used in food industry 20
21. Glucose oxidase
• Oxidizes glucose and produce gluconic acid
and hydrogen peroxide
• H2O2 is strong oxidizing agent that strengthens
the disulfide and non-disulfide cross-links in
gluten
• Good working conditions help proper function
of bakery system.
Enzymes used in food industry 21
22. Pentosanases
• Exact mechanism is not yet discovered
• Improves dough machinability, yielding a more
flexible, easier-to-handle dough.
• The dough is more stable and gives better
oven spring during baking
Enzymes used in food industry 22
24. Pectinase
• Prevents pectin from forming haze and hence
to get clear solution.
• Additionally its is used for extraction of colour
and juice from fresh fruit
• It breaks down pectin and releases methanol,
which in high amounts is hazardous.
Enzymes used in food industry 24
25. β – Glucanase
• It accelerates all biological mechanisms linked
to maturation on lees
• Reduces maturation duration
• Improves clarification and filtration, and
improves the action of fining agents
Enzymes used in food industry 25
27. Protease
• Cleaves the bond that hold the amino acids
together.
• As the enzymes break apart proteins, which
disrupts or loosens muscle fibres and
tenderizes it.
Enzymes used in food industry 27
28. Papain
• Found in papaya
• 95% of meat tenderizers available in grocery
store are made from papain
• It is extracted from latex in papaya fruits
• These enzymes are purified and sold in
powder or liquid form
Enzymes used in food industry 28
29. Conclusion
• The enzyme-based processes are advantageous
as they can be carried out at moderate reaction
conditions with greater specificity in contrast to
chemical-based processes.
• Market for enzymes in industrial processes is
fast growing.
Enzymes used in food industry 29
30. References
• Biochemical Society - Danish Society for Biochemistry
and Molecular biology
• National centre for biotechnology education, UK,
university of reading
• European food information council, “Modern
Biotechnology in Food: Applications of food
biotechnology: enzymes”.
Enzymes used in food industry 30
31. References cont.
• Production of alcohol from raw wheat flour by
Amyloglucosidase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Thierry
Montesinosa, , Jean-Marie Navarroa a Université Montpellier,
Accepted 15 March 2000, Available online 7 August 2000
• Wine maker’s academy
• Livestrong.com, “Meat Tenderizers & Enzymes” Last Updated:
Jun 27, 2015 | By Sandi Busch
Enzymes used in food industry 31