Osmosis is the movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration via a semipermeable membrane. Osmotic pressure is the pressure required to stop osmosis.
2. OSMOSIS
The selective passage of solvent molecules through
a porous membrane from a dilute solution to a more
concentrated one.
3. OSMOTIC PRESSURE
The pressure required to stop osmosis.
The osmotic pressure of an ideal solution is given by MORSE EQUATION
𝜋 = MRT
𝜋 → OSMOTIC PRESSURE M → MOLARITY
R = 0.082 dm3atmmol-1K-1 T → absolute temperature
4.
5. Tonicity Measure of the osmotic pressure of
the two solutions separated by a
semipermeable membrane
There are 3 classifications of tonicity:
1. Isotonic
2. Hypertonic
3. Hypotonic
6. Isotonic
Two solutions which have
equal concentration of
solutes will have equal
osmotic pressure are
called isotonic solutions
13. REVERSE OSMOSIS
Reverse osmosis is a membrane based
filtration method that removes many
types of large molecules and ions from
solutions by applying pressure to the
solution when it is on one side of a
selective membrane.
14. If an external pressure is applied on a concentrated
solution, this pressure is distributed evenly
throughout the solution
If the applied pressure is higher than the osmotic
pressure water will flow towards the other side of
the membrane leaving solute behind
This technique is used for purification of water
18. Colloid
A colloid is a dispersion of particles of one substance (the
dispersed phase) throughout another substance or
solution (the dispersion phase).
A heterogeneous mixture of tiny particles of a substance
dispersed through a medium is called colloidal dispersion
or colloid.
20. Lyophilic vs Lyophobic
Such colloidal dispersions
in which dispersed phase
shows an affinity or
attraction for the
dispersion medium are
called Lyophilic Colloids
Such colloidal dispersions
which can not be made by
spontaneous dispersion are
called Lyophobic Colloids
21. Classification of colloids
Based on Dispersed phase and dispersion medium:
1. Sol - solid dispersed in a liquid
2. Emulsion - liquid dispersed in a liquid
3. Foam - gas particles are trapped in a liquid or solid.
4. Aerosol - particles of liquid or solid dispersed in a gas.
37. When light is shined through a
true solution, the light passes
cleanly through the solution.
However when light is passed
through a colloidal solution, the
substance in the dispersed
phases scatters the light in all
directions, making it readily seen.