World History Industrial Revolution

1. The Industrial Revolution Section 1

2. The Industrial Revolution Section 1
Preview
• Starting Points Map: Resources of Great Britain
• Main Idea / Reading Focus
• A Revolution in Great Britain
• A Revolution in Textiles
• Steam Powers the Revolution
• Faces of History: James Watt
• Industrialization Spreads
A New Kind of Revolution

3. The Industrial Revolution Section 1
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4. The Industrial Revolution Section 1
Reading Focus
• Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain?
• How did industrialization cause a revolution in the production
of textiles?
• How did steam power the Industrial Revolution?
• Where did industrialization spread beyond Great Britain?
Main Idea
1. In the 1700s conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth
of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many
other industries.
A New Kind of Revolution

5. The Industrial Revolution Section 1
During the 1700s changes in technology began based on the use of
power-driven machinery. This era is called the Industrial Revolution.
• Exploration and colonialism
• Seapower
• Political stability
• Government support
• Growth of private investment
Factors for Success
• Research and development on
farms
• Jethro Tull, seed drill
• Improved livestock breeding
• Better varieties of food crops
– Increased food supply
– Population grew
• Enclosure movement
Agricultural Factors
A Revolution in Great Britain

6. The Industrial Revolution Section 1
Britain’s Big Advantage
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain.
• Had essential elements for economic success
• Factors of production
– Land
– Labor
– Capital

7. The Industrial Revolution Section 1
Find the Main Idea
Why was Great Britain in the 1700s ideally
suited to be the birthplace of the Industrial
Revolution?
Answer(s): Colonies around the world supplied
raw materials; powerful navy and merchant fleet
facilitated trade; waterways provided power and
transportation; enclosure movement led to large
labor supply; private investors provided funds for
investment; coal and iron deposits provided
needed resources

8. The Industrial Revolution Section 1
2. Textile Industry
• Beginning of Industrial Revolution
• Weaving was a cottage industry
• Labor performed at home
• Industrialization transformed this
• Fabric made of wool or cotton
• Supply of fibers increased in the
1700s
• Slave labor in America
• Invention of cotton gin
• Invention of spinning jenny
• Invention of flying shuttle
New Way of Making Cloth
• Cottages too small
• Factory invented
• Power for factories?
• Water frame for water power
• Output increased 8x by 1770
Cloth-making in Factories
A Revolution in Textiles

9. The Industrial Revolution Section 1
Identify Problem and Solution
How did machines solve problems that
weavers faced?
Answer(s): spinning jenny and spinning frame
spun thread into yarn, "flying shuttle" and power
loom made weaving faster

10. The Industrial Revolution Section 1
• Steam engines needed large
amounts of fuel
• Wood scarce
• Coal mining industry
• Changing landscapes
• Dangers of mining
Coal for Steam Engines
• First successful steam engine
in 1712
• Innovations by James Watt
• Steam power versus water
power
• Steam locomotives
• Steamships
• Robert Fulton
Development of Steam
Engine
Steam Powers the Revolution

11. The Industrial Revolution Section 1

12. The Industrial Revolution Section 1
Make Generalizations
What impact did the steam engine have on
the growth of British industry?
Answer(s): major impact; used in textile mills,
factories could be located away from rivers,
powered locomotives and ships, led to
development of coal as a resource, more factories
built near northern coal mines

13. The Industrial Revolution Section 1
3. Industrialization soon spread to western Europe and the United
States. Other regions did not industrialize in the 1800s. What was it
about Western countries that encouraged them to embrace industry?
• Political liberty
• Freedom to
compete
• Rewards reaped
• Exploitation and
improvements
Why Western
Countries?
• British restrictions
• Hamilton, 1791
• Samuel Slater
–Water frame
–Slater’s Mill
• Lowell’s Mill
America
• Belgium, 1807
• France, 1815
• Germany, 1850
– Railroads
– Treaties
Europe
Industrialization Spreads

14. The Industrial Revolution Section 1
Industry in Asia
Eventually, industry spread to Asia.
• Japan first in 1868
• Meiji government
• The 1900s—industrialization for
– China
– India
– Russia

15. The Industrial Revolution Section 1
Compare and Contrast
How did industrialization in Britain compare
to the process in America and Europe?
Answer(s): Britain industrialized first, America
and Europe benefited from earlier inventions;
Lowell factory in Massachusetts was first all-in-
one mill; political issues delayed industrial
development in continental Europe