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Qualitative vs Quantitative Research,[object Object],An Introduction,[object Object]
Overview,[object Object],The nature of quantitative research,[object Object],The nature of qualitative research,[object Object],The pros and cons,[object Object],A tangent into feminism,[object Object]
What do quant researchers worry about?,[object Object],I really spend a lot of time wondering how to measure things.,[object Object],I want to make sure others can repeat my findings.,[object Object],I want to know what causes something else.,[object Object],I wonder how small patterns generalize to big patterns.,[object Object]
In short, quant researchers…,[object Object],Use numbers to summarize their findings,[object Object],Aspire to measure concepts accurately,[object Object],Attempt to predict the likelihood of any social phenomena ,[object Object],Look for correlations between “variables”,[object Object]
A “variable” varies…,[object Object]
What is varying?,[object Object],The amount of spice is varying. “Amount of spice” is a variable. “Spice” is not a variable.,[object Object]
Independent vs Dependent Variables,[object Object],Height,[object Object],Age,[object Object],?,[object Object]
What is a concept?,[object Object],Concepts must be transformed into measures or indicators,[object Object],“…categories for the organization of ideas and observations” (Bulmer, 1984: 43),[object Object]
Concepts in social theory,[object Object],“Definitive” concepts a “prescriptions of what to see”,[object Object],“Sensitizing” concepts provide a “general sense of reference and guidance”,[object Object],“Thus, with clear concepts theoretical statements can be brought into close and self-correcting relations with the empirical world” (Blumer, 1954: 5).,[object Object]
What is a measure?,[object Object],Something that can be counted.,[object Object],Age,[object Object],Height,[object Object],Number of books,[object Object]
What is an indicator?,[object Object],Something that “indicates” the presence of something else.,[object Object],GDP,[object Object],IQ,[object Object],Number of hospital visits,[object Object]
Types of Quantitative Research Designs,[object Object]
Classic Experimental Design,[object Object],The “Will study for the final” Group,[object Object],Midterm grade,[object Object],Exam grade,[object Object],Studies,[object Object],The “Won’t study for the final” Group,[object Object],Midterm grade,[object Object],Exam grade,[object Object],Doesn’t Study,[object Object],December,[object Object],September,[object Object]
Classic Experimental Design,[object Object],The “Will study for the final” Group,[object Object],Midterm grade,[object Object],Exam grade,[object Object],Studies,[object Object],Obs 1,[object Object],Exp,[object Object],Obs 2,[object Object],The “Won’t study for the final” Group,[object Object],Midterm grade,[object Object],Exam grade,[object Object],Doesn’t Study,[object Object],Obs 1,[object Object],No Exp,[object Object],Obs 2,[object Object],December,[object Object],September,[object Object]
Cross-sectional Design,[object Object],“A” grades,[object Object],Studied for hours or more,[object Object],Studying “goes with” higher grades,[object Object],All exam grades,[object Object],“B” and below,[object Object],Studied for less than 2 hours,[object Object]
Steps In Quant Research,[object Object]
What’s wrong with quantitative research?,[object Object],Yeah and they treat people like they’re test tubes or something.,[object Object],It’s the way they do things…it makes it hard for people to see their research as relevant to them.,[object Object],Well their research is just so static. Real life actually changes.,[object Object],They always seem to measure artificial things and say they’re really precise.,[object Object]
An example…,[object Object],Researchers want to study poverty in a small, urban housing unit. The property managers say that turnover in the apartments is high. Researchers wonder if the housing unit has some effect on poverty.  ,[object Object]
An example…,[object Object],Qual researchers would learn the experience of poverty.,[object Object],Quant researchers would measure the effects of poverty,[object Object],Researchers want to study poverty in a small, urban housing unit. The property managers say that turnover in the apartments is high. Researchers wonder if the housing unit has some effect on poverty.  ,[object Object],Quant researchers would ask close-ended questions and search for correlations in quant data.,[object Object],Qual researchers would interview and observe residents and search for themes in these observations and interviews.,[object Object]
Qualitative vs. Quantitative,[object Object]
What do qual researchers worry about?,[object Object],I really want my research approach to be flexible and able to change.,[object Object],I want to describe the context in a lot of detail. ,[object Object],I want to see the world through the eyes of my respondents.,[object Object],I want to show how social change occurs. I’m interested in how things come to be.,[object Object]
Types of Qualitative Research Methods,[object Object]
Types of Qualitative Research Methods,[object Object],Observational field research (ethnography; in situ; participant observation),[object Object],Interviewing (one-on-one; dyad; group or focus groups),[object Object],Unobtrusive,[object Object],Discourse analysis,[object Object],Hermeneutics,[object Object],Content analysis,[object Object],Semiotics,[object Object],Conversation analysis,[object Object]
Rapport,[object Object],noun. 1. a close and harmonious relationship in which there is common understanding. 2. trust,[object Object],Source: Compact Oxford English Dictionary. 2008. Oxford University Press: Oxford. ,[object Object]
What does feminism have to do with qualitative research?,[object Object],Yeah but we kind of also want to know the numbers of discrimination.,[object Object],We want our voices heard!,[object Object]
What does interviewing have to do with feminism?,[object Object],How many times have you committed a crime? ,[object Object],Tell me about your experience in the criminal justice system. ,[object Object],Well, it started when I was 15…,[object Object],5 times,[object Object],Unstructured,[object Object],Structured,[object Object]
What does interviewing have to do with feminism?,[object Object],How many times have you committed a crime? ,[object Object],Tell me about your experience in the criminal justice system. ,[object Object],Well, it started when I was 15…,[object Object],5 times,[object Object],No empathy with participant. ,[object Object],Empathy with participant. ,[object Object],Unstructured,[object Object],Structured,[object Object]
Steps in qualitative research,[object Object]
“Validity” in qual research is not about sample size,[object Object],For more, see: Denzin, Norman and Yvonne Lincoln. 2000. "Introduction: The Discipline and Practice of Qualitative Research." Pp. 1-30 in Handbook of Qualitative Research, edited by N. Denzin and Y. Lincoln. Thousand Oaks: Sage.,[object Object],Dependability,[object Object],Confirmability,[object Object],Credibility,[object Object],Transferability,[object Object],“Trustworthiness”,[object Object]
What’s wrong with qualitative research?,[object Object],Well good luck trying to re-create those results!,[object Object],That’s because they often don’t tell you how they did what that did.,[object Object],You just can’t generalize it. How am I supposed to know how many people have the same experiences?,[object Object],It’s just so subjective. ,[object Object]

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Qualitative Vs Quantitative Research

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