Rizal's friends and relatives warned him against returning to the Philippines. Antonio Lopez wrote to him, "Nearly everyone opposes your coming, and I am of the same opinion." Rizal's sister was hysterical when she heard the news — "She cried and begged me to advise you not to return, for you would be killed." Despite their warnings, Rizal, firmly believing that the battlefield was in the Philippines, sailed to Manila on June 21, 1892, with his sister Lucia.
Upon his arrival in Manila on June 26, 1892, Rizal was greeted by a group of patriots, including Apolinario Mabini, Deodato Arellano, Andres Bonifacio, and many others. Together, they founded La Liga Filipina, which means "The Filipino League."
The Liga's constitution outlined five purposes:
To unite the entire archipelago into a compact, vigorous, and homogeneous body.
To provide mutual protection in every grievance and need.
To defend against violence and injustice.
To encourage educational, industrial, and agricultural enterprises.
To study and implement reforms.
La Liga Filipina also has a motto in Latin, Unus Instar Omnium, which means "One like all."
Despite the absence of seditious language in its constitution, the Liga's Masonic roots and secrecy would be enough to arouse the Spanish government's suspicion. In addition, Rizal had just published his controversial novel El Filibusterismo.
On July 6, three days after La Liga Filipina was formally established, Rizal was summoned to Malacañang and arrested. The reason was not related to La Liga Filipina, but to something the Spaniards had reportedly seen a few days earlier.
On Sunday, June 26, 1892, upon arrival in Manila, Rizal and his sister were met by carabiniers and a major. Their luggage underwent a thorough inspection at the customs house, and the officials allowed them to proceed without further complications. However, during the search, a package containing "seditious paper" was discovered in Lucia's pillowcase. The papers were promptly confiscated and brought to the attention of Governor-General Despujol. The papers were said to contain a satire targeting wealthy Dominican friars.
Rizal was asked who owned the pillows and mats, and he replied that they belonged to his sister. He denied that the leaflets belonged to him or his sister, but was arrested anyway and escorted to Fort Santiago.
Manila newspapers published the Governor General's lengthy and intriguing decree, which outlined four charges that resulted in Rizal's exile.
During his “voluntary exile,” he had published books and proclamations of very doubtful loyalty to Spain, which are not only frankly anti-Catholic, but impudently anti-friar, and introduced these into the archipelago.
A few hours after his arrival in the Philippines, there was found in one of the packages belonging to the said subject a bundle of handbills entitled “The Poor Friars” in which the patient and humble generosity of the Filipinos was satirized and in which accusations were published against.
4. Rizal's friends and relatives warned him
against returning to the Philippines.
5. But despite their warnings, Rizal, firmly believing that
the battlefield was in the Philippines, sailed to Manila
on June 21, 1892, with his sister Lucia.
15. Rizal's own socio-civic organization, La Liga Filipina, was also a reformist group, but this time, it sought to
broaden the participation of Filipinos in the campaign for change.
Many early historians believe that Rizal favored reforms over
separation, aligning with the Propaganda Movement's goals.
16. Rizal's own socio-civic organization, La Liga Filipina, was also a reformist group, but this time, it
sought to broaden the participation of Filipinos in the campaign for change.
Rizal's own socio-civic organization, La Liga Filipina, was
also a reformist group, but this time, it sought to broaden
the participation of Filipinos in the campaign for change.
17. Rizal's own socio-civic organization, La Liga Filipina, was also a reformist group, but this time, it
sought to broaden the participation of Filipinos in the campaign for change.
It was a continuation of the assimilationist ideals of the
Propaganda Movement, but now with a wider reach.
18. Rizal's own socio-civic organization, La Liga Filipina, was also a reformist group, but this
time, it sought to broaden the participation of Filipinos in the campaign for change.
La Liga Filipina also appears to be a harmless and
wholesome organization, akin to an NGO that
seeks to empower Filipinos to help themselves.
19.
20. According to Floro Quibuyen,
Rizal's departure was a
manifestation of his radical shift
to separatism and his
disillusionment with Spain.
21. In Floro’s book "A Nation Aborted,"
he stated this is evident in the first
point of Liga's constitution.
22. WDYM by “body”? Another organization, or perhaps a nation?
In Quibuyen's mind, Liga's ultimate goal was an independent
Philippines, not a stepping stone to another organization.
23. The other points of the constitution
also can no longer be considered
responsibilities of a mere
organization, but rather of a state.
24. The other points of the constitution
also can no longer be considered
responsibilities of a mere
organization, but rather of a state.
27. To support his argument, Quibuyen quoted Rizal's essay
"Philippines: A Cultural Hence", where the latter said that
palliative reforms are never good enough.
28. We should also consider Rizal's state of mind at this
time. As writer Floro Quibuyen explains, Rizal had
just distanced himself from the rest of his peers.
29.
30.
31. We could further see his detachment from the
assimilationist cause in his letters to Blumentritt:
32. We could further see his detachment from the
assimilationist cause in his letters to Blumentritt:
44. A package of "seditious paper“ satirizing wealthy
Dominican friars was confiscated and brought to
the attention of Governor-General Despujol.
“Si Padre Matmat,
nangangagat ng…
45. Rizal denied that the leaflets belonged to him or his sister
but was arrested anyway and escorted to Fort Santiago.
46. Manila newspapers published the Governor General's
decree, outlining four charges that led to Rizal's exile.
52. Now that Rizal is gone, La Liga Filipina
became inactive and began to fell apart.
53. Editor‘s note: oi hahahaha may vid akong ginawa dito haha
baka us2 mo lang papanoorin haha i mean wala namang
sapilitan hahahaha PLEASE PARANG AWA MO NA O
55. Why Dapitan? Well, it was
inaccessible, underdeveloped, and
under the control of the Jesuits, who
hoped to reform his Catholic faith.
From 1892 to 1896, Rizal lived in exile in
Dapitan, a remote town in Mindanao.
68. Rizal then spent a portion of his winnings on buying
agricultural lands along the coast of Talisay
Rizal spent a portion of his winnings on buying
agricultural lands along the coast of Talisay
69. On his purchased land, he built a house, established
a farm, set up a school, and even opened a clinic.
70. Through these endeavors, he seamlessly embraced
the roles of a farmer, a teacher, and a physician.
72. Rizal's upbringing as a member of an inquilino family
instilled in him a deep connection to farming.
73. Rizal bought farmland in Dapitan, initially growing
rice and corn. He later partnered with his brother-in-
law to sell abaca, a profitable crop in Manila.
74. When Rizal found the locals' agriculture and
fishing methods outdated, he helped them.
76. Rizal held the profession of farming in
high esteem. He actively engaged in
agricultural practices, not only to
sustain himself but also to uplift the
lives of the local community.
77.
78. "We cannot all be
doctors; someone
has to till the soil."
79. In stark contrast to Rizal's admiration
for farmers, modern society often
holds a negative perception of this
crucial occupation.
80. Rizal recognized the worth
of farmers. It's time for us
to do the same. Their
dedication secures our
plates and fuels our nation.
Let's respect their toil and
empower them to thrive.
83. In Talisay, he founded a school that emphasized
school-based management and community-based
education, defying 19th century norms.
84. As an agriculturist, Rizal incorporated
nature study into his school's curriculum,
fostering appreciation for the natural world.
Rizal’s Curriculum
(The Ultimate Guide For You To “Behave Like A Man.”)
Spanish
English
Mathematics
Geography
Geometry
Proper Conduct
Physical Education:
• Gymnastics
• Fencing
• Swimming
85. As an agriculturist, Rizal incorporated
nature study into his school's curriculum,
fostering appreciation for the natural world.
86. Rizal and his students collected various flora
and fauna, which he then sent to his academic
friends in Europe in exchange of books.
87. Rizal also had a passion for conchology,
the study and collection of shells.
112. Rizal's family also disapproved, possibly because of
conservative views on marriage and Rizal hinting at
cohabitation with Josephine without marriage.
113. We can see this disapproval when Josephine lived
with the Rizals. Josephine wrote to her dear Joe,
114. Despite their opposition,
Rizal and Josephine
continued to be with
each other and even had
a child together that
sadly passed away.
115. In a letter to his dear friend Ferdinand Blumentritt
on December 19, 1893, Jose Rizal painted a vivid
picture of his idyllic life in Dapitan.
131. While attempts were made to reorganize Rizal's organization,
the La Liga Filipina ultimately split into two groups:
Conservatives
(peaceful; advocate reforms)
Radicals
(aaaaaahhhh!)
132. To inform Rizal of Katipunan's founding and
planned revolution, Pio Valenzuela and
Raymundo Mata visited him in Dapitan.
133. During their conversation, Valenzuela
informed Rizal of the Katipunan's plans
and their plan to help him escape.
134. However, Rizal declined the offer
and stated that the people were
not ready for a revolution.
NO
136. Rizal's meeting with Pio, where he refused to join the revolution,
is used by some to argue he wasn't for independence.
137. In the opening part of Rizal's Manifiesto, which references
Valenzuela's visit to Dapitan, Rizal writes:
138.
139.
140. According to the historian Zaide, Rizal
objected to Bonifacio's project to
plunge the country into a bloody
revolution because of his "sincere
belief that it was premature" and that
"arms and funds must be collected first
before raising the cry of revolution."
141. Another way to support the claim that
Rizal was not against the Philippine
Revolution is his letter to Blumentritt in
1887, in which he wrote:
142.
143.
144. Valenzuela (who lived a long life!) also recorded Rizal’s
reaction to the revolution plans in his memoir.
145.
146. During their meeting, Rizal suggested both
obtaining support from Manila's wealthy and
acquiring ships/weapons from Japan.
No muna since need
muna ng kahandaan.
147. Some critics will disagree with this statement,
pointing to Valenzuela's initial testimony where
he claimed Rizal is not in favor of revolution.
148. A critic of Valenzuela also argue that memoirs written many years after
the events they describe can be unreliable, as they may contain errors
or be influenced by the author's perspective at the time of writing.
149.
150.
151.
152. Dr. Blumentritt suggested that Rizal offer
his services as a military doctor in Cuba in
exchange for ending his exile.
153. This is because in Cuba, a revolution
against Spain was unfolding alongside
an epidemic of yellow fever.
154. After months of waiting, a letter arrived from
Governor-General Blanco: Rizal's offer was accepted.