3. DEFINATION
An autonomous car are known as an uncrewed
vehicle, driverless car, self-driving car or robotic car,
Vehicle capable of fulfilling the main transportation
capabilities of a regular car on it’s own.
A vehicle capable of sensing its environment and
navigating without human input/assistance/help.
4. BRIEF HISTORY
Experiments have been conducted on automating cars
since at least the 1920s, promising trials took place in
the 1950s and work has proceeded since then
The first self-sufficient and truly autonomous cars
appeared in the 1980s, with Carnegie Mellon
University's Navlab and ALV projects in 1984.
5. HOW IT WORKS
Autonomous vehicles sense their surroundings using special
gadgets placed on the car, examples include the lidar, radar, GPS,
cameras etc.
Advanced control systems (artificial intelligence) interpret
sensory information to identify appropriate navigation paths, as
well as obstacles and relevant sign.
Autonomous vehicles are capable of updating their maps based
on sensory input, allowing the vehicles to keep track of their
position even when conditions change or when they enter
uncharted environments.
8. LIDAR
3D map and allow the car to “see” potential hazards by bouncing a
laser beam off of surfaces surrounding the car in order to accurately
determine the distance and the profile of that object. Mounted on
top the car on a rotating motor
9. RADAR
Ability to accurately monitor speed of surrounding vehicles in real time.
Mounted on the bumpers, with two sensors in the front bumper, and two
in the rear, the radar units allow the car to avoid impact by sending a
signal to the on-board processor. works in conjunction with other features
on the car such as inertial measurement units
10. SONAR AND HIGH-POWERED CAMERAS
Sonar technology have narrow field of
view and its relatively short effective
range (about 6 meters) but allows the
car to effectively cross-reference data
from other systems in real time
Cameras mounted to the exterior with
slight separation in order to give an
overlapping view of the car’s
surroundings just like the human eye
which provides overlapping images to
the brain before determining things
like depth of field, peripheral
movement, and dimensionality of
objects. Each camera has a 50-degree
field of view and is accurate to about
30 meters.
11. POSITIONING AND SOFTWARE
The Positioning system works alongside
the on-board cameras to process real-
world information as well as GPS data,
and driving speed to accurately
determine the precise position of each
vehicle, down to a few centimetres all
while making smart corrections for
things like traffic, road construction, and
accidents.
The software processes all of the data
in real-time as well as modelling
behavioural dynamics of other drivers,
pedestrians, and objects around you.
While some data is hard-coded into
the car, such as stopping at red lights,
other responses are learned based on
previous driving experiences. Every
mile driven on each car is logged, and
this data is processed in an attempt to
find solutions to every applicable
situation. The learning algorithm
processes the data of not just the car
you’re riding in, but that of others in
order to find an appropriate response
to each possible problem
12. SOME MAJOR HURDLES THE PROJECT FACES
Technology
Government Regulation
Policy implications
Do Consumers Even Want It?
13. POTENTIAL ADVANTAGES
Avoid traffic collisions caused by human driver errors.
Increased roadway capacity and reduced traffic congestion due to
reduced need for safety gaps and the ability to better manage traffic
flow.
Relief of vehicle occupants from driving and navigation duties.
Higher speed limit for autonomous cars
Removal of constraints on occupants' state; it would not matter if the
occupants were under age, over age, unlicensed, blind, distracted,
drunk or otherwise impaired.
Reduction in the need for traffic police and premium on vehicle
insurance.
Reduction in car theft, due to the vehicle's increased awareness.
Car sharing
14. DISADVANTAGES
Driver's re-education
The cost of implementing the new technology could be way out
of reach for most people or countries
Security issues (hacking and location based information stored).
Loss of jobs (taxi drivers, driving schools , automobile
companies not in autonomous production, traffic wards, etc.)
A self-driving car doesn't completely eliminate the likelihood of a
car accident as things could malfunction eg networks and
software's corruption and weather related circumstances which
could destroy or distort readings.
Heavy reliance technology making it difficult to function in their
absences eg bad traffic light or no bad road sign placed for it to
read
Most of all people who enjoy driving and racing would not be
interested
15. CONCLUSION
These cars seem to be a part of the near future transportation, if
they are successfully deployed across roadways and it will be a
revolution not just for drivers and traffic patterns but also for the
transportation industry as a whole as the use of automated cars
does not mean they will be no more accidents, but will eventually
reduce number of accidents to the barest minimum and ease of a lot
of driving burdens.
While the question remains would you buy
one?
