It is a topic of nursing in medical and surgical nursing. It is blood transfusion tray setup It includes both clean and a sterile tray set with a very important thing that is surgical sterile gloves.

2.  It is the process of transferring blood components into one’s circulation
intravenously.

3.  Blood plasma:
 Packed red blood cells
 Fresh frozen plasma

4. Blood product indication contra transfusion storage
prbc Acute sickle crisis
Acute blood loss
Symptomatic anemai
Volume
replacement
Complete within
3-4 hrs
1-6 degree
Celsius
Should not
exceed 24 hrs
Life=- 42-45 days
from the day of
collection
platelets Thrombocytopenia
Platelet function
defect
Hepar-in-
induced
thrombocyto
penia
ttp
Over 30-60
minutes
20-24
5 days
Once opened
expiry is within
4 hrs
Plasma Bleeding due to
multiple clotting
factors
Inherited clotting
factor deficiencies
Single
coagulation
factor
deficiency
30 minutes 1-6
Stored upto 36
months

5.  Allergic reaction
 Febrile reaction
 Delayed or acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
 Post transfusion purpura

6.  To restore circulating blood volume in surgery or acute blood loss
 To correct platelet and coagulation factor defieciencies
 To correct anemia
 To treat acute sickle cell crisis

10.  Before procedure
Check physicians orders, patients condition and history of
transfusion, infusion reaction and reason for transfusion
Identify patient
Check availability of blood
Explain procedure
Obtain blood and follow hospital policy
Empty bowel and bladder
Collect urine specimen
Premedications to be administerd

11.  Blood tests before the transfusion
 Type
 Antibody screen
 Crossmatch
 ABO antigen type. Everyone has either type A, B, AB, or O blood. This means that
their blood cells have either antigen A (type A), antigen B (type B), both antigens
(type AB), or neither antigen (type O).
 Rh factor. Everyone is either Rh-positive or Rh-negative (you either have Rh or
you don’t).

12.  Your ABO antigen + Rh factor = blood type. There are eight different blood types:
 A positive and A negative
 B positive and B negative
 AB positive and AB negative
 O positive and O negative

14.  During procedure
 Wash hands, check vitals and don gloves
 Insert IV cannula
 Inspect blood product by two personnel
 Identification number
 Blood group and type
 Expiry date
 Compatibility
 Patient’s name
 Abnormal color, clots and excess air

15.  Warm blood if required
 Prime transfusion set
 Start infusion slowly at the rate of 25-50 ml/hr( 10-15 drops/min) for first 15
minutes
 Check vitals and assess patient and continue for 30 minutes
 Increase infusion rate
 Assess condition for every 30 minutes
 If no reaction, complete transfusion and administer saline if ordered and
documentation
 If reaction, stop transfusion, start saline, send urine, blood sample and remaining
blood product to the blood bank.

16.  Do nor administer in the same line where medication is administered.
 Start IV line if medications are to be administered
 To be completed within 4 hrs
 Cover blood bag with a towel
 Gently rotate the blood bag periodically to prevent clumping of cells
 When rewarming blood do not immerse completely
 Premedications to be administerd

17.  Bone marrow aspiration is a procedure that removes a sample of the
liquid portion of bone marrow.
 A bone marrow biopsy removes a small, solid piece of bone marrow.

18.  It refers to assisting in obtaining a sample of bone marrow aspirated from
sternum/ileum/tibia using aseptic technique.

19.  To diagnose hematological disorders
 To follow the course of disease and patients response to treatment
 To diagnose disease such as tumors
 To isolate bacteria and other pathogens by culture

20.  A trolley with:
 5cc syringe
 Needle (22, 20)
 Sterile gloves
 Lignocaine 2%

21.  Small bottle with formalin, alcohol and acetic acid
 Culture tubes
 Slides
 Mackintosh and draw sheet
 Razor set
 Tape and scissors
 Tincture benzoin solution
 Kidney tray

22.  Sterile pack containing the following
 Towels
 Dissecting forceps
 Cups with cotton balls and gauze pieces
 Scalpel blade and handle
 artery forceps
 20cc glass syringe
 Bone marrow aspiration needle
 Sterile drapes

23.  Check physician’s order
 Obtain consent
 Explain procedure
 Administer pain medication
 Collect and assemble equipment
 Provide correct position
 Open dressing pack

24.  Assist physician and assist patient
 Physician performs the procedure
 Apply pressure over the puncture site for 10-15 minutes
 When bleeding stops, seal the puncture site with tincture benzoin and apply small
, dressing .
 Instruct patient not to wash or wet the area for 24 hours.
 Make the patient comfortable and instruct the patient to move only after 4-6 hrs

25. POST PROCEDURAL CARE
Keep patient in supine or lateral position
Administer analgesics
Monitor pulse and respiration
Avoid aspirin