3. DISTINGUISH WEATHER FROM CLIMATE
EXPLAIN HOW DIFFERENT FACTORS AFFECT THE CLIMATE OF
AN AREA
DISTINGUISH CLIMATE CHANGE FROM GLOBAL WARMING
DESCRIBE CERTAIN CLIMATIC PHENOMENA THAT OCCUR ON
A GLOBAL LEVEL
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
5. IS CAUSED BY:
> NATURAL PROCESSES
> HUMAN ACTIVITIES
IS EVIDENCED BY:
> INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE
> EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS
> RISING SEA LEVEL
>OCEAN ACIDIFICATION
6. HAS IMPACT ON:
> HEALTH
> ENVIRONMENT
CAN BE MANAGED BY:
> GLOBAL COOPERATION
> CHANGED CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
> FURTHER SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
> ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
1
7. Weather - refers to the
day to day changes or
patterns in the
atmosphere at a
particular place and time.
8. Weather is determined by the ff factors:
Air moves from an
area of high
pressure to that of
low pressure.
Air
temperature
Measures how hot or
cold the is.
Air pressure
How heavy the air is
over a unit of area.
Amount type of
precipitation
Can be droplets of
water or solidified
water
Wind strength
and direction
Type of clouds
With every warm air
temperature, water vapor
condenses to form clouds
9. Temperature
Can be measured accurately by a
thermometer or perceived by senses
as too hot, too cold, or just right.
The type, amount and
frequency of
Precipitation
Can be visualized and measured.
Climate and Climate Change
Temperature and precipitation are the 2
noticeable factors that describe climate.
10. Factors that influence temperature:
Latitude
Proximity to
large bodies of
water
Elevation
15. Mountain influence precipiation
in 2 ways:
> Orographic effect – refers to the
dynamics of air and precipitation on the
windward slope of mountains.
> Rain shadow effect – occurs on the
leeward slope of the mountain, which is
generally dry and receives only less rain
called rain shadow.
17. CLIMATE CHANGE
THE ISSUE OF CLIMATE CHANGE & GLOBAL
WARMING IS A CENTURY SCALE-PROBLEM THAT
HAS BEEN BROUGHT ABOUT BY
INDUSTRIALIZATION, WHICH HAS CONTRIBUTED TO
THE EMISSION OF GREENHOUSE GASES.
GREENHOUSE GASES – ARE GASEOUS
SUBSTANCES THAT ABSORB INFRARED RADIATION
FROM THE SUN AND TRAP THE HEAT IN THE
ATMOSPHERE.
18. EARTH’S GASES AND THE
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
MAIN GASES OF EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE ARE:
NITROGEN 78%
OXYGEN 21%
ARGON 0.93%
OTHER GASES 0.07%
20. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are
humanmade greenhouse gases produced
as refrigerants in air conditioners,
refrigerators, freezers, and heat pumps.
They are also found in some foam plastics
and used to manufacture some
electronics.
21. Greenhouses resemble a small
glasshouse that trap heat from the
sun and where plants are grown. The
glass panels of the greenhouse allow
light to pass through, but they keep
the heat from escaping to warm the
plants especially in very cold
climates.
22. Albedo effect – is the fraction of
solar energy reflected back to
space.
23. Global Warming
Is the long term average increase in global
temperature.
Climate Change - Is a result of global warming and
refers to the changes in precipitation patterns,
intensity & frequency, and episodes of heat waves
and drought.
24. Top 5 Causes of Global Warming
1. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from burning gasoline.
2. Carbon Dioxide emissions from fossil fuel-burning power plants.
3. Methane emissions from animals, agriculture such as rice
paddies, and from Artic Seabeds.
4. Increase in the use of chemical fertilizers on croplands .
5. Deforestation
25. Carbon & Ecological Footprints
Carbon Footprints refers to the
amount of carbon dioxide released
into the atmosphere as a result of
activities of an individual or
organization.
27. Emergence of
Climate-Sensitive
Diseases & Illnesses
HEATSTROKE
WHEN THE BODY IS EXPOSED TO
EXTREMELY HIGH TEMPERATURES & DOES
NOT GET ENOUGH WATER FOR A
PROLONGED PERIOD OF TIME THE BODY
FAILS TO REGULATE ITS TEMPERATURE &
SUFFERS A HEATSTROKE.
30. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF DENGUE:
HIGH FEVER THAT LASTS FOR A
WEEK
ACHING MUSCLES & JOINTS
GENERAL WEAKNESS
PAIN IN THE EYES
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DENGUE STRATEGY:
DAILY MONITORING OF THE
PATIENT
ENCOURAGE INTAKE OF ORAL
FLUIDS SUCH AS ORESOL
NOTE ANY DENGUE WARNING
SIGNS
GIVE PARACETAMOL & NOT
ASPIRIN
USE MOSQUITO NETS
EARLY CONSULTATION
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WATERBORNE DISEASES
FLOODS CAN CARRY WATERBORNE
DISEASES SUSH AS LEPTOSPIROSIS
FROM THE URINE OF RATS, SKIN
DISEASES FROM POLLUTED FLOOD
WATERS OR CONGESTED REFUGEE
CENTERS, AND DIARRHEA FROM
CONTAMINATED DRINKING WATERS.
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LEPTOSPIROSIS
- IS CAUSED THE BACTERIUM LEPTOSPIRA & AFFECTS
BOTH HUMANS & ANIMALS.
- IF UNTREATED IT CAN LEAD TO KIDNEY DAMAGE,
MENINGITIS, AND DEATH.
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WAYS ON HOW TO PREVENT LEPTOSPIROSIS:
- PEOPLE MUST OBSERVE HYGIENE
- WASH THEIR FEET & LEGS WITH SOAP & WATER IN
CASE THEY WADE THROUGH THE FLOOD
- WEAR BOOTS IF POSSIBLE
- AVOID WALKING THROUGH FLOODWATERS
TREATMENT:
SUCH AS DOXYCYCLINE OR PENICILLIN.
- ANTIBIOTICS
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DIARRHEA
REFERS TO THE LOOSE AND FREQUENT BOWEL MOVEMENT
THAT CAN LEAD TO DEHYDRATION IF NOT ADDRESSED
PROPERLY & IMMEDIATELY.
THIS CONDITION IS CAUSED BY BACTERIA IN
CONTAMINATED FOOD OR WATER.
ORAL REHYDRATION IS NECESSARY.
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FOODBORNE DISEASES
- SALMONELLOSIS AN INFECTION
CAUSED BY THE SALMONELLA
BACTERIUM.
CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM
-THRIVES IN EXPIRED FOOD.
40. EXTREME WEATHER
Extreme episodes of El Niño & La Niña are 2 effects of climate
change. Both phenomena are influenced by the surface
temperature in the equatorial Pacific Ocean.
41. La Niña
The opposite of El Niño
phenomenon, cooler than
normal subsurface water
accumulates in the central
equatorial Pacific.
Brings with it more rains
in Asia and Australia &
less of it in South America
El Niño
Winds weaken, causing sea
surface temperatures to rise.
The waters are pushed eastward,
that is, from Asia & Australia back
to South America, where water
upwelling occurs.
Can cause drought in the Western
Pacific but trigger wet winter in
the eastern Pacific.
