COMMUNITY PROCESS in community development

GALLEGO, HAZIEL JOY OLLET MARCH 12, 2024
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A. STEPS IN THE COMMUNITY PROCESS
a. Assessment of Need
i. Article title: “Understanding the care and support needs of older
people: a scoping review and categorization using the WHO
international classification of functioning, disability and health
framework (ICF)”
1. Key Context: Sarah Abdi, Alice Spann, Jacinta Borilovic, Luc de
Witte, and Mark Hawley authored a scoping review exploring
the care and support requirements of elderly individuals. Utilizing
the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability
and Health (ICF) framework, the article endeavors to categorize
these needs. Published in BMC Geriatrics on July 22, 2019, the
study focuses on comprehending the care necessities of older
adults, particularly those managing chronic conditions while
residing at home in the UK. The authors stress the escalating
prevalence of unaddressed care needs among the elderly
populace, attributing this trend to systemic challenges
encountered by both formal and informal care structures in the
United Kingdom. Employing the Arksey and O'Malley original
and enhanced framework, the authors conducted a scoping
review, utilizing five electronic databases, grey literature, and
reference list examinations in their research. (Abdi et. al, 2019).
2. Insights: The article underscores the multifaceted challenges
experienced by elderly individuals coping with chronic
conditions, encompassing physical, social, and psychological
dimensions. These challenges necessitate comprehensive care
and support across three primary domains: 1) fostering social
engagement and nurturing relationships; 2) addressing
psychological well-being; and 3) assisting with tasks related to
mobility, self-care, and household management. Furthermore,
the review emphasizes the imperative of crafting care models
and support services tailored to the unique needs of older
adults, recognizing the diverse and evolving nature of their
requirements. This entails a holistic approach that integrates
physical, emotional, and social support, aiming to enhance the
overall quality of life for this demographic.

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b. Engagement and Outreach
i. Article title: “The Resilience of Single Mothers with Special Needs
Children in Supporting Their Education and Fulfilling Their Needs During
the COVID-19 Pandemic” published in the International Journal of
Disability Studies”
1. Key Context: Wylen Djap, Angaripeni Mustikasiwi, Oki
Hermawati, Dadang Irawan, and Erwin Santosa authored an
article exploring the resilience exhibited by single mothers with
children with special needs in navigating the challenges of
supporting their children's education and meeting their
requirements amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The article,
featured in the International Journal of Disability Studies, delves
into the experiences of these mothers during the pandemic. The
primary objective of the article is to gain insights into the
resilience demonstrated by single mothers raising children with
special needs, particularly concerning their educational
support, in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 crisis. The
authors employed a phenomenological approach, conducting
a study that focused on four single mothers with children aged
15-22 years who grapple with the complexities of nurturing and
educating their special needs children during these
unprecedented times. (Djab et. al, 2021)
2. Insights: The article underscores the remarkable resilience
exhibited by single mothers, emphasizing their ability to adapt to
challenging circumstances. However, it also underscores the
vital role of support from family, friends, and the broader
environment in sustaining this resilience. Despite the
unprecedented challenges posed by the pandemic, single
mothers remain unwavering in their commitment to supporting
the education of their children with special needs. This
determination underscores the importance of continued
support networks from various sources, including family, friends,
and educational institutions. Such support serves as a crucial
pillar in fortifying the resolve of single mothers as they navigate
the complexities of caring for their children. In essence, while
single mothers demonstrate remarkable resilience, they also rely

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on external support systems to bolster their efforts and ensure the
well-being and education of their special needs children.
c. Data Collection and Analysis
i. Article title: The use of Big Data Analytics in healthcare”
1. Key Context: Kornelia Batko and Andrzej Ślęzak authored an
article exploring the application of Big Data Analytics (BDA) in
the healthcare sector. The focus of the article is on how
emerging technologies can be leveraged for patient treatment
and health management. Published in the Journal of Big Data
on January 6, 2022, the article aims to assess the potential of
integrating Big Data Analytics into healthcare practices. It
underscores the myriad benefits that medical facilities can
derive from the utilization of Big Data Analytics. The authors
conducted their research through a comprehensive
examination of existing literature, coupled with the presentation
of specific findings from direct research on the implementation
of Big Data Analytics in medical settings. (Batko and Ślęzak,
2022).
2. Insights: The article says that using Big Data Analytics in
healthcare can make a big difference. It means new
technologies can change how patients are treated and how
health is managed. Hospitals are starting to use more data to
make decisions, not just the usual kind but also new types of
data. This helps with things like managing the hospital, handling
business matters, and treating patients. This change shows that
hospitals are moving away from old ways of doing things to
more modern and flexible ways. Using Big Data Analytics can
help hospitals make better decisions, use resources smarter, and
make patients healthier in the end.
d. Planning and Goal Setting
i. Article title: “Effective Goal Setting 101: 10 Top Tips for Tech
Entrepreneurs”

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1. Key Context: The author of the article, Aaron Vick, who is a
member of the Forbes Technology Council, shares ten valuable
tips for tech entrepreneurs to enhance their goal-setting skills.
The article, featured in Forbes on August 15, 2018, underscores
the integral connection between effective goal setting and
progress in the tech industry. Aimed at guiding tech
entrepreneurs, the article emphasizes that while dreaming big is
inherent to entrepreneurs, creating an effective goal-setting
process involves valuing objectives of all sizes. Aaron Vick draws
on his professional experience and pertinent literature to provide
insights on establishing a goal-setting approach tailored to the
needs of tech entrepreneurs. (Vick, 2018).
2. Insights: The article says that if you're a tech entrepreneur, it's
important to set goals every day. It gives helpful tips like picking
goals you can reach, being clear about what you want,
checking your progress every week, and waking up early to
have a productive day. These tips are especially useful for a
small startup in the tech industry working on creating and
launching a new mobile app.
e. Implementation
1. Article title: “Implementing Customer Relationship Management
(CRM) in Hotel Industry from an Organizational Culture
Perspective”
2. Key Context: Researchers from the International Journal of
Contemporary Hospitality Management conducted a study
focusing on a UK hotel chain's adoption of a new Customer
Relationship Management (CRM) system. They observed the
implementation process, noting both successful and
unsuccessful aspects. The study was carried out within an
undisclosed UK hotel chain, with the specific implementation
date unspecified. The objective was to identify the factors
influencing the success of CRM implementation in the hotel
sector. A questionnaire was distributed to 346 hotel chain
managers, revealing that organizational culture readiness

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significantly impacted the success of CRM implementation.
(Copadis, 2024).
3. Insights: This case study underscores the crucial role of
organizational culture readiness in determining the success of a
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) implementation. It
emphasizes the significance of fostering a supportive
organizational culture that is prepared to embrace the
transformations associated with the adoption of a new CRM
system. Specifically, it suggests that organizations must cultivate
an environment where employees are open to change, willing
to adapt to new technologies, and encouraged to collaborate
across departments. Additionally, the study highlights the
importance of providing adequate training and support to
employees to ensure a smooth transition and effective utilization
of the CRM system. Ultimately, organizational culture readiness
emerges as a fundamental factor that can significantly
influence the outcomes of CRM implementations, shaping the
overall success and effectiveness of such initiatives within the
organization.
f. Evaluation and Monitoring
1. Article title: “UNESCO and DepEd launch the 2020 Global
Education Monitoring Report in the Philippines” published by
UNESCO”
2. Key Context: UNESCO and the Department of Education
(DepEd) in the Philippines released a report called the "2020
Global Education Monitoring (GEM) Report." This report talks
about why some students are left out of school systems
worldwide because of things like where they come from, who
they are, or their abilities. It also talks about how the COVID-19
pandemic has made this exclusion worse. The report was
introduced in the Philippines on November 25, 2020. Its goal is to
make more people, especially those in education, humanitarian
work, and government, aware of its messages and suggestions
about including everyone in education. Because of the COVID-

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19 pandemic, the report was introduced online. (UNESCO,
2023).
3. Insights: The report emphasizes the gender-responsive policy in
basic education developed by the Department of Education
(DepEd). This policy aims to eliminate discrimination based on
gender, sexual orientation, and gender identity. It outlines
specific actions for education administrators and school leaders,
including enhancing curricula and teacher education
programs. These improvements incorporate content addressing
issues like bullying, discrimination, gender, sexuality, and human
rights.
B. EXAMPLES OF COMMUNITY IN ACTION
a. Community-oriented policing
i. Article Title: “Level of Effectiveness of the Barangay Peacekeeping
Action Team in Relation to Public Safety and the Implementation of
Curfew Hours as Perceived by 50th Barangay Residents”
ii. Key Context: The research was carried out by Miilcen Jay J. Bienes,
Emelie D. Olipares, Kaicelyn Suganob, Joshua Montipolca, Angelita B.
Alvarico, and Jose F. Cuevas (2022). It aimed to evaluate the
effectiveness of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT)
concerning public safety and the enforcement of curfew hours, as
perceived by residents in the 50th Barangay of Ozamiz City, Philippines.
The study, published on June 30, 2022, utilized a descriptive-correlational
design, employing a survey questionnaire as the primary tool for data
collection. The focus was on assessing how well the BPAT implemented
curfew hours and maintained public safety. Participants included
members of the Philippine National Police (PNP), residents, and
Barangay Officials from the 50th barangay of Ozamiz City.
iii. Insights: The research indicated that the Barangay Peacekeeping
Action Team (BPAT) demonstrated a high level of effectiveness in
enforcing curfew hours. Responders reported encountering only minor

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issues during the implementation of curfew, and these problems were
not considered serious. The overall performance of the BPAT received
satisfactory ratings from its members. Additionally, the level of public
safety for residents in the 50th barangay was rated as safe by the
community. This suggests that, based on the study's findings, the BPAT's
efforts in implementing curfew contributed positively to maintaining
public safety, with a generally positive perception from both team
members and the local community.
b. Community health initiatives
i. Article Title: “One Health Approach in the Philippines”
ii. Key Context: The One Health Approach is a collaborative effort
involving the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Organization
for Animal Health (WOAH), and the Food and Agriculture Organization
(FAO), along with health representatives from human, animal, and
environmental sectors at national, regional, and local levels. This health
initiative, in place since the National Bridging Workshop held on August
23-25, 2022, aims to enhance both human well-being and
environmental health. It concentrates on preventing, detecting, and
managing the emergence and re-emergence of zoonotic infections
and potential pandemics. The One Health Approach was established
to boost preparedness and prevent future pandemics through an
integrated and multi-sectoral program. It acknowledges the
interconnectedness of human and animal health, recognizing that
addressing zoonotic diseases requires joint efforts from public health,
animal health, and environmental sectors. The WHO, WOAH, and FAO
have been actively assisting countries in strengthening their
collaborative One Health efforts through a series of National Bridging
Workshops. (World Health organization, 2022).
iii. Insights: The One Health Approach stands as a crucial initiative that
acknowledges the intricate links between human, animal, and
environmental health. This strategy involves collaborative efforts across
various sectors to tackle the complexities posed by zoonotic diseases
and potential pandemics. The effectiveness of this approach hinges on
the robustness of collaborative endeavors and the continuous

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commitment to investing in an integrated and multi-sectoral One Health
program. To ensure its success, sustained support and coordination
among stakeholders are imperative, emphasizing the necessity of
ongoing collaboration and resource allocation for the One Health
Approach to effectively address health challenges at the intersection
of human, animal, and environmental domains.
c. Community-based disaster response
i. Article Title: “Ten years after Haiyan: Building back better in the
Philippines”
ii. Key Context: Based on United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
(2023), the disaster response at the community level involved
collaboration among local communities, the Philippine Government,
and international entities to address the aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan.
This coordinated effort spanned various sectors and focused on crucial
aspects such as timely evacuation, dealing with resettlement
challenges, and restoring natural defenses like mangroves. The
response primarily took place in Tacloban, a city in the Eastern Visayas
region of the Philippines, severely impacted by Typhoon Haiyan. The
initiatives were promptly initiated immediately after the typhoon made
landfall on November 8, 2013. The response became imperative due to
the extensive devastation caused by Typhoon Haiyan, resulting in over
6,300 fatalities and displacing four million people. The success of the
response was contingent on community-level preparedness and
effective disaster management. Notably, Tulang Diyot village in Cebu
Province, a small island community, demonstrated exemplary
preparedness by evacuating all 1,000 residents a day before the
typhoon, ultimately saving every life in the village.
iii. Insights: The disaster response at the community level following Typhoon
Haiyan emphasizes the significance of local knowledge and
preparedness in lessening the repercussions of natural disasters. This
approach underscores the crucial role played by communities in
responding effectively to such events. Nevertheless, the response also
brings attention to the difficulties associated with resettlement efforts
and underscores the necessity for sustainable practices. In particular,

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reinstating natural barriers, like mangroves, emerges as a vital strategy
to diminish the impact of future disasters. This not only involves
immediate relief efforts but also emphasizes the importance of long-
term strategies that prioritize environmental restoration and community
resilience. The challenges faced during the Typhoon Haiyan response
underscore the need for comprehensive, sustainable practices in
disaster management to enhance community well-being and reduce
vulnerability to future calamities.
d. Developing community-led affordable housing
i. Article Title: “Nature Trip in Bulacan | Gawad Kalinga Enchanted Farm
Tour”
ii. Key Context: The project is spearheaded by Gawad Kalinga, a
movement in the Philippines dedicated to eradicating poverty. The
recipients of this initiative are the local communities situated in Angat,
Bulacan. The GK Enchanted Farm serves as a social business incubator
designed for rural development. This comprehensive endeavor includes
various programs, with a notable focus on offering affordable housing,
to empower and uplift these communities. The initiative is specifically
executed at the GK Enchanted Farm situated in Angat, Bulacan,
Philippines, and has been active since 2010. During this period, Gawad
Kalinga constructed a village in Barangay Encanto, Angat, Bulacan.
The primary goal of this ongoing initiative is to combat poverty by
providing secure housing and sustenance for villagers who were
previously homeless in Bulacan. Gawad Kalinga selects villagers based
on their demonstrated need for assistance, offering them a secure
home and food. The farm also serves as a platform to foster social
entrepreneurship and support local farmers in the region. (Test, 2020).
iii. Insights: The GK Enchanted Farm stands out as a commendable
illustration of a community-driven endeavor that goes beyond offering
affordable housing. This initiative not only addresses the housing needs
of the community but also empowers its members through the
promotion of social entrepreneurship and sustainable farming
practices. The farm serves as a tangible demonstration of the
transformative impact local communities can achieve when provided
with the appropriate support and opportunities. By incorporating

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elements of social entrepreneurship and sustainable agriculture, the
initiative not only meets immediate housing needs but also cultivates
long-term resilience and development within the community. This
underscores the potential for impactful social change when
communities are equipped with the necessary resources and avenues
for growth.
C. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
a. Communication and coordination among stakeholders
i. Article Title: “Preparing for effective communications during disasters:
lessons from a World Health Organization quality improvement project”
ii. Key Context: The World Health Organization (WHO), in collaboration
with 194-member nations, engages in disaster response activities,
providing guidance and support during crises. Disaster communication
serves various purposes, including averting panic, promoting
appropriate health behaviors, coordinating responses among
stakeholders, advocating for affected populations, and mobilizing
resources. These communication and coordination mechanisms are
implemented globally, extending to countries like the Philippines, which
is susceptible to natural disasters. Activation of these mechanisms
occurs whenever a natural disaster is imminent. Effective
communication is vital during disasters to coordinate responses,
minimizing secondary morbidity and disease risks. Organizations must
communicate early and consistently with diverse stakeholders to
prevent panic and execute a well-organized response plan. The WHO
employs a process model to assess intersectoral partnerships and
conducts a comprehensive literature review spanning emergency,
public, non-profit, and network research. (Medford‐Davis & Kapur,
2014).
iii. Insights: The disaster response initiatives spearheaded by the WHO
underscore the significance of effective communication and
collaboration among diverse stakeholders in handling natural disasters.
This emphasizes the necessity for a methodical approach and robust
partnerships to guarantee a prompt and effective response.
Nevertheless, the effectiveness of these endeavors hinges on the

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robustness of the coordination and communication mechanisms,
coupled with the dedication of all stakeholders engaged in the process.
b. Power dynamics and inclusion
i. Article Title: “Microsoft Philippines recognized as a Gender Inclusive
Workplace Champion, named one of the Best Companies to Work for
in Asia 2022”
ii. Key Context: The case study involves Microsoft Philippines, a
multinational corporation renowned for its diverse workforce. Microsoft
Philippines has garnered recognition for its efforts in promoting
employee engagement, diversity, and inclusion, as well as accessibility.
The company has received accolades such as being named one of the
"Best Companies to Work for in Asia" for the third consecutive year and
being acknowledged as a "Gender Inclusive Workplace Champion" by
the United Nations Women Asia-Pacific WEPs (Women's Empowerment
Principles). These power dynamics and inclusive practices are
implemented within Microsoft Philippines, situated in Manila, Philippines.
The announcement of this recognition was made on November 15,
2022. Microsoft Philippines has consistently implemented its People
Strategy, which prioritizes the safety, well-being, and professional
growth of its employees. The company has provided healthcare
support and established a flexible work environment, along with
proactive learning initiatives, employee engagement activities, and
rewards and wellness programs, all rooted in a culture of diversity,
inclusion, and accessibility (DI&A). Microsoft Philippines employs an
organization-wide engagement and advocacy survey to evaluate its
performance in achieving workplace excellence, fostering human
capital development, and promoting outstanding employee
engagement. (Microsoft Team, 2022).
iii. Insights: The Microsoft Philippines case emphasizes the significance of
power dynamics and inclusion within the work environment. It
emphasizes that companies should prioritize the safety, well-being, and
professional development of their workforce. Nonetheless, the
effectiveness of these initiatives depends significantly on the company's
firm dedication to fostering diversity, inclusion, and accessibility.

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c. Funding and resources
i. Article Title: “Sustainable mangrove rehabilitation: Lessons and insights
from community-based management in the Philippines and Myanmar”
ii. Key Context: A local non-governmental organization (NGO), in
collaboration with local communities, has initiated the Mangrove
Rehabilitation Project, aiming to restore and safeguard mangrove
forests, which are among the planet's most threatened ecosystems.
Employing a science-based approach to coastal rehabilitation, the
project addresses escalating environmental issues along the coast. The
initiative spans various coastal areas in the Philippines and has been
ongoing for several years, with sustained endeavors to revive and
safeguard the mangrove forests. Mangrove forests play a crucial role in
providing various ecosystem services, including the supply of timber,
fuelwood, medicines, natural dyes, honey, and marine food.
Additionally, they contribute to regulating floods, preventing erosion
and saltwater intrusion, and serving as a protective barrier for coastal
communities against the adverse impacts of storms and tsunamis. The
project adopts a community-based forest management approach,
promoting active involvement, robust collaboration, and the
dedication of local communities in partnership with research institutions,
government bodies, and non-governmental organizations. (Camacho
et. Al, 2020).
iii. Insights: The Mangrove Rehabilitation Project, serves as a compelling
example of the impact achievable through active community
participation and leveraging local expertise to address pressing
environmental concerns. It underscores the critical importance of
revitalizing and safeguarding mangrove forests, recognizing their
pivotal role in climate balance and their significant contribution to the
protection of coastal communities. By fostering a sense of shared
responsibility and collaborative efforts, this project not only addresses
immediate environmental issues but also strengthens the resilience of
ecosystems and communities alike. The commitment to the restoration
and protection of mangrove forests reflects a broader awareness of the
interconnectedness between environmental well-being and the

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sustainable livelihoods of local populations. As the project continues its
positive trajectory, it exemplifies the potential for community-driven
initiatives to make a lasting impact on the preservation of vital
ecosystems and the enhancement of the overall resilience of coastal
regions.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abdi, S., Spann, A., Borilovic, J., De Witte, L., & Hawley, M. (2019). Understanding
the care and support needs of older people: a scoping review and
categorisation using the WHO international classification of functioning,
disability and health framework (ICF). BMC Geriatrics, 19(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1189-9
Batko, K., & Ślęzak, A. (2022). The use of Big Data Analytics in healthcare.
Journal of Big Data, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-021-00553-4
Camacho, L. D., Gevaña, D. T., Sabino, L. L., Ruzol, C., Garcia, J. E., Camacho,
A. C. D., Oo, T. N., Maung, A. C., Saxena, K. G., Liang, L., Yiu, E., &
Takeuchi, K. (2020). Sustainable mangrove rehabilitation: Lessons and
insights from community-based management in the Philippines and
Myanmar. APN Science Bulletin, 10(1), 18–25.
https://doi.org/10.30852/sb.2020.983
Copadis, A. (2024, March 3). 12 Successful CRM implementation case studies
to learn from. The Close Sales Blog. https://blog.close.com/crm-
implementation-case-studies/
Djap, W., Mustikasiwi, A., Hermawati, O., Irawan, D., & Santosa, E. (2021). The
Resilience of Single Mothers with Special Needs Children in Supporting
Their Education and Fulfilling Their Needs During The COVID-19
Pandemic. Indonesian Journal of Disability Studies, 8(02), 425–439.
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijds.2021.008.02.10
J, M. J., Bienes, Olipares, E. D., Suganob, K., Montipolca, J., Alvarico, A. B., &
Cuevas, J. F. (2022). Level of effectiveness of the Barangay
Peacekeeping Action Team in relation to public safety and the
implementation of curfew hours as perceived by 50th Barangay
residents. Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 05(02),
161–177. https://doi.org/10.46431/mejast.2022.5217
Medford‐Davis, L. N., & Kapur, G. B. (2014). Preparing for effective
communications during disasters: lessons from a World Health
Organization quality improvement project. International Journal of
Emergency Medicine, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1865-1380-7-15

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Microsoft Philippines recognized as a Gender Inclusive Workplace Champion,
named one of the Best Companies to Work for in Asia 2022 – Microsoft
News Center Philippines. (2022, November 15).
https://news.microsoft.com/en-ph/2022/11/15/microsoft-philippines-
recognized-as-a-gender-inclusive-workplace-champion-named-one-
of-the-best-companies-to-work-for-in-asia-2022/
Ten years after Haiyan: Building back better in the Philippines. (2023, November
7). https://www.undrr.org/news/ten-years-after-haiyan-building-back-
better-philippines
Test, J. D. I. A. (2020, October 12). Nature Trip in Bulacan | Gawad Kalinga
Enchanted Farm Tour. Ninjam Moves.
https://ninjammoves.com/travel/philippines/gk-enchanted-farm-
bulacan/
UNESCO and DepEd launch the 2020 Global Education Monitoring Report in
the Philippines. (2023, April 20). UNESCO.
https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-and-deped-launch-2020-
global-education-monitoring-report-philippines
Vick, A. (2018, August 15). Effective Goal Setting 101: 10 Top Tips for tech
entrepreneurs. Forbes.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2018/08/15/effective-
goal-setting-101-10-top-tips-for-tech-entrepreneurs/?sh=75804733364c
World Health Organization: WHO. (2022, September 20). One health approach
in the Philippines: a multi-sectoral collaboration to improving the health
of people and the planet. World Health Organization.
https://www.who.int/philippines/news/detail/20-09-2022-one-health-
approach-in-the-philippines

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