Essay Afghanistan

Essay Afghanistan
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Essay Afghanistan Essay Afghanistan

Macbeth s Descent Into Evil
In William Shakespeare s Macbeth, the tragic hero Macbeth, descends into evil after a prophecy
from three witches sparks his ambition and tempts Macbeth into committing horrible deeds out of
paranoia, arrogance, and spite. Macbeth begins his chain of murders due to the fact that he
wishes to become the King of Scotland. In Act One, Scene three of Macbeth, three witches arrive
and prophesize that Macbeth will become the Thane of Cawdor and the King. Soon after the
witches disappear, Macbeth is delivered the news that he was named Thane of Cawdor. This
occurrence causes Macbeth to believe each part of the prophecy and he allows his ambition to take
control of his thoughts, which leads him to deciding to kill King Duncan. Macbeth acknowledges
the fact that he has no other reason for killing Duncan, besides ambition, when he states, I have no
spur/ To prick the sides of my intent, but only/ Vaulting ambition, which o erleaps itself/ And
...
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Macbeth orders for the complete slaughter of the entire household of Macduff. Macbeth fears
that Macduff has turned on him and become a traitor, so out of spite Macbeth kills his family
and servants. After Macbeth s first public dinner party as king where he sees the ghost of
Banquo Macbeth says, I am in blood/ Stepped in so far that, should I wade no more,/ Returning
were as tedious as go o er...Is the initiate fear that wants hard use./ We are yet but young in deed
(Shakespeare.3.4.137 145). After killing so many innocent people, Macbeth has become a
deranged insomniac that believes killing more people will help him feel less guilt. This thought
process started with the massacre at Macduff s house, while he was not present. Macbeth truly
descended to evil after he began killing out of pettiness and spite. So, a human s downfall may
start at different points for different reasons, but it will lead to the same place of utter evil for no
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Incumbency Effect
The incumbency effect is someone staying in office because of the benefits they receive from it.
According to the notes, this incumbency effect if more advantageous for members of the House
than the Senate, but advantages are still high for both chambers. Some big advantage incumbents
have are they were already previously elected so their name is more well known amongst voters.
Also, people are more likely to donate to a candidate that has one before and in return that
incumbent gets more funding than a new candidate. The biggest and most important advantage
incumbents have is franking. Since they are in office, they have access to free postage and
publication costs and can mail to all residence in their district to remind the potential voters

The Year Round Schooling System Essay
The traditional school calendar used by most schools in the United States stems from the original
agrarian calendar as students were often called to tend to crops in the summer. This was
thoughtfully and effectively designed for the time period it was created in; however, schools,
research, and society have dramatically changed since then. The agrarian calendar no longer makes
sense, as we consider overcrowding in schools and the significant research regarding the summer
brain drain. There are several models of year round schooling that would better serve all
stakeholders in most communities across the nation.
Position and Rationale American students do not need more time in school, but do need access to
more rigorous, engaging instruction, as well as a calendar that removes the excessive break
schedule (summers) and promotes healthy, regular breaks throughout the year, such as the single
track year round schooling system. Year round educationincludes the possibility of three different
formats: single track, multi track, and the extended school year. Rodgers (1993) reports that the
United States has the shortest school year of (180 days) of any industrialized nation. She
encourages school districts to analyze other models of year round education as a method of
boosting student achievement. Rodgers, like Dessoff, shares the benefits and the disadvantages of
each format. According to Dessoff (2011), single track is the most popular year round format, as it
has

Why Is Lincoln s Assassination Justified
On April 14th, 1865, John Wilkes Booth kidnaped and assassinated Abraham Lincoln. It was a
mournful day for individuals of the U.S . Meanwhile, Booth wanted to protect the South against the
Union. He had co conspirators by his side who attempted to kidnap the president several times but
ended in failure. Many think Booth should have done something different to change Lincoln s idea
of abolishing slavery. Although John Wilkes Booth did something wrong for the right reason, it
will never be justified because there is always a different alternative.
Being motivated to do harsh actions leads to jealousy, which develops a person to do anything for
their own satisfaction. Considering the fact, Booth compares himself to Brutus which was the
Roman statesman who murdered Julius Caesar. Brutus and his fellow Roman senators feared
Caesar wanted to become the dictator of the republic. In the article, Last Diary Entry of John
Wilkes Booth , Booth states, I am here in despair. And why? For doing what Brutus was honored
for. What made Tell a hero? And yet I, for striving down a greater tyrant... (1). This means... Show
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Booth s assassination toward Lincoln did not make a difference after all since the African
Americans received their freedom. In the other hand, after Caesar s death, Rome comes into a
cycle of civil wars which leads to an empire. The citizens of Rome are unhappy about the
upcoming wars, they thought the killing of Caesar will make their problems go away but instead it
leads to more chaotic situations. In the article, The Telegraph , it states, With Caesar gone, Rome
spiraled into another cycle of civil wars, which resulted in one of the most significant constitutional
transformations in history (19). This means, the citizens of Rome regret not having Caesar as their
leader. They would rather have Caesar than to deal with civil

The Ediacaran Fauna Essay
Up until 1947, it was believed that the Cambrian Explosion marked the first true abundance of
multicellular life. However, this was discovered to be untrue after Sir Douglas Mawson and R.C.
Sprigg mistakenly came across numerous quot;fossil jellyfish quot; in the Ediacara Hills while
observing what was originally believed to be sandstones belonging to the lowest strata of the
Cambrian. At first, these finding were dismissed as quot;fortuitous inorganic markings. quot;(AAS
Biographical Memoirs.) Several years later however, other discoveries of segmented worms, worm
tracks, and impressions of two other assemblages that bear no resemblance to any known organism,
living or extinct, prompted the South Australian Museum and the University of... Show more
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Next come the elongated worm like impressions with a horseshoe shaped head followed by 40
identical segments and rounded flattened, worm like impressions with a central groove and strong
segmentation.
These worm like impressions belonged to the Annelida Phylum. The last two forms, which were
oval shaped impressions with T shaped groves and circular impressions with three quot;bent arms,
quot; resemble no known organisms and are believed to represent the Phylum Arthropoda.The
most abundantly distributed fossil at the South Australian site, the Dickinsonia, was represented
by over one hundred specimens. These impressions may be related to some modern day
flatworms and were covered with transverse ridges. The number of ridges varies with size while
smaller forms had 20 ridges, larger ones could have as many as 550. Another notable find was the
Spriggina floundersi, which was named after R.C. Sprigg and Ben Flounder; the two geologists
credited to their discovery.
These small annelid worms ranged between one and three inches in length and had small horseshoe
shaped heads. These worms resemble the modern Tomopteridae, which have heads similar to those
of the Precambrian fauna, only wider. It now appears as though these marine worms are direct
descendants from the ancient forms.The Ediacaran organisms are a clear foreshadowing of one of
the most dramatic events in all of life s history the rapid expansion of shell bearing organisms. The
earth s

Pros And Cons Of Professional Accountants
How Professional Accountants Serve You The Best
An accountant is a specialist of accounting or accountancy, which is the way of measuring,
disclosure or provision of confidence about financial information that helps professionals, investors,
tax regulators and more make decisions about allocating the resource(s).
The role of the professional accountants is challenging comprising of the many fields including:
Competing Demands
The accountants quite often face issues between upholding principles central to their job and the
requirements of real life. Balancing these contending demands talks to the heart to be a professional
as opposed to simply having employment or carrying out a function. Pros are anticipated to exercise
professional wisdom in undertaking their functions so that whenever times get challenging, they
don t undertake activities that will bring about the profession sacrificing the public s trust as
protectors of open public interest.
Ethical rules for professional accountants internationally compels professional accountants,
whatever the tasks that they perform, to uphold worth of integrity, objectivity, professional
competence and credited good care, confidentiality, and professional patterns. However, competing
stresses can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The same applies at the nationwide level. General population education on the diverse jobs of the
Low Rate Accountants in UK running a business must be stepped up to be able to boost the
awareness of these jobs. Professional accounting body also has to focus on their members running a
business and offer them with the support they want in order to achieve their assignments. Their
voices also have to be represented. Success on each one of these fronts will drive prolonged
recognition by the world of the worthiness of professional accountants running a business. This
designs the extended success of the accountancy

1.1 Outline Current Legislation, Guidelines, Policies and...
1.1 outline current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures within own UK home nation
affecting the safeguarding of children and young people. There are many policies and procedures
within the UK that outline the current legislation and guidelines to help with safeguarding children
and young people. The Children Act 1989 The integral part of this act is to maintain the child is at
the forefront of decisions; the best option in relation to the child s welfare will be taken into
account when deciding the best course of action for the child/young person s upbringing creating a
partnership between parents and multi agencies. Alongside this, the requirement of parental
responsibilities is outlined e.g. their rights, duties and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If any one of these targets were not being met, today, some agencies could potentially review a
child s safety under this current legislation. A second part of this new legislation was the
encouragement of multi agencies to work together this idea came as a direct consequence of the
failings in relation to Victoria Climbie. With this, a database accessible by all authorities
involved with children and young people was set up so that records can be maintained
effectively and information can be shared easily. Finally, based on the initiative of agencies
working together to support children and young people, Local Safeguarding Children Boards
(LSCB s) were created within LEA s. In my setting, each planning sheet that teachers use has the
five points from ECM written on it, as a constant reminder to include each child in the lesson and
differentiate accordingly in order to reach all abilities. The five points of ECM are also on
display boards/walls in most classrooms. In class, we were put into groups and had to present an
act to the rest of the class and state how it works in school today. Me and Anne presented the
childrens act 1989 which is shown on the next page. Following that is the other groups presentation
handouts on the different acts. Taking information of how best to safeguard children

Olan The Virtuous Woman Essay
Olan or the Virtuous Woman, same person? Relatively close? Or just complete opposites?
Throughout the novel, The Good Earth Olan a slave woman with unbound feet is wedded to
Wang Lung a poor crop farmer. Olan is responsible for many things in her marriage with Lung
such as cooking and such, but she is a right minded woman who does more than she is asked or
told. She carries weight on her shoulders and works her hardest even in times of struggle. Olan
does not go down easy, she s a worker and will not quit till the job done. So is Olan the Virtuous
Woman? Well of course she is, the closest thing to it! The Virtuous Woman is a person who is
worth far more than jewels and money, their worth is meaningful through their love, care,
respect, and hard work. They give their husbands a full heart and show them that they need no
spoiling for they are content and happy with the life they are provided and are willing to put
forth the same effort as the other does. Olan is a perfect example of such a woman for she does
more than she is asked by pushing herself to the limits to provide her husband and show that she is
willing to be right there by his side... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Olan portrays these qualities greatly throughout the novel, even when she should not. For
example Olan is proud of the person she is and love s her life very much, she values what she has,
such as the land Lung was going to sell and she told him not too, that their family would be fine.
On the other hand, Wang Lung involves himself with another woman named Lotus. Olan should be
furious with this and unkind, but she is not, she allows it to happen and continues to love and
cherish her husband, provide for him and work hard while ignoring it all. Olan may be the Virtuous
Woman but her husband takes advantage of this amazing blessing by not giving to her what she has
given to him, a loving, caring

Theme Of Sidney Carton
A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens is one of the most memorable novels in the history of
English Literature. The novel starts with the famous lines It was the best of times, it was the worst
of times ( Dickens 11). The novel depicts London, England and Paris, France in later years of the
seventeenth century. It presents to us the confusion, the political one that surrounded the two
nations during that period of time. The novelis rich in meaning and significance and Dickens has
very skilfully integrated various themes. Dickens genius of characterisation is fully evident in this
novel. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyse the character of Sidney Carton in the light
of the observation that he has been used by Dickens to bring out the theme of Resurrection in the
novel.
It is far, far better thing that I do than I have ever done. It is a far, far better rest that I have than I
have ever known. ( Dickens 367). These beautiful, touching words has been put by the author in the
mouth of Sidney Carton, our hero at the very end moments of his life. He has throughout been an
alcoholic and apathetic man. Although he s a man blessed with intelligentsia which is evident from
his being the mind behind the success of Stryver as a lawyer, ... Show more content on
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Kucich has said that ...by the good characters in their own struggles for freedom...they are
focussed... in the pure self violence of Sidney Carton, which liberates him from self hatred. (38).
At the starting one can notice the rude behaviour of Carton towards Darnay but as the novel
progresses he appears to be friendly towards him. Lucie however has no resentment towards
him,she simply wants to aid him in every way possible. At the end however we find her less
concerned about Carton and we find stability in

Woolworths Financial Ratios
Introduction Woolworths is the largest supermarket/grocery store chain in Australia, owned by
Woolworths Limited. It is the largest retail company in Australia and New Zealand by market
capitalization and sales. Along with Coles, Woolworths form a near duopoly of Australian
supermarkets, together accounting for about 80% of the Australian market. Woolworths currently
operates 933 Woolworths stores across Australia. FY14 Key Financial Highlights 20142013
Sales$60.8b$58.6b Gross Profit$16.4b$15.7b Earnings Before Tax (EBIT)$3775m$3595m Net
Profit$2451.7m$2259m Total Assets$2.4b$2.2b Total Liabilities$1.3b$1.2b Shareholder s
Equity$10b$9300m Key Profitability Ratios: Profit Margin= Net Income/Net Sales... Show more
Favorable liquidity ratios are critical to a company and its creditors within a business or
industry that does not provide a steady and predictable cash flow. They are also a key predictor
of a company s ability to make timely payments to creditors and to continue to meet obligations
to lenders when faced with an unforeseen event. The inventory turnover ratio is an efficiency
ratio that shows how effectively inventory is managed by comparing cost of goods sold with
average inventory for a period. This measures how many times average inventory is turned or
sold during a period. The inventory turnover ratio for Woolworths is 10, which is comparable to
the baseline of 10. The Receivable Turnover Ratio measures how many times a business can turn
its accounts receivable into cash during a period. In other words, the accounts receivable
turnover ratio measures how many times a business can collect its average accounts receivable
during the year. From a 5 yr. standpoint, Woolworths collects its receivables every 20 days where
the baseline is a month. Higher efficiency is favorable from a cash flow standpoint as well. If a
company can collect cash from customers sooner, it will be able to use that cash to pay bills and
other

The And Of The Business
Alex, Bill, Carl, Devon, and Xavier are all Christians and want their business to be organized
and operated in accordance with the Christian worldview. Alex, Bill, Carl, and Devon father ran
the business as a sole proprietorship, but they want to form a business entity to own the farm. I
am going to be their accountant to help run their business the proper way and right way as
Christians should. They are trying to avoid a lot of paperwork, but they also wants to allow their
cousin Xavier to handle the day to day operations of the farm. Additionally, they want to know
ways to minimize their taxes on the entity. They want to keep this a family business; they do not
want a stranger owning any part of the business. I think this can be a great thing if their family is
on one accord and want to expand the business. When you start having outsiders, they could come
in a try to turn things around within the business and make a lot of unnecessary changes. With
Xavier being their cousin, I think they have a plan that will make the business successful. As
stated above, in this case the form of business organization used by the deceased father is a sole
proprietorship. A sole proprietor is someone who owns an unincorporated business by himself or
herself (Sole Proprietorship, 2015). This form of business organization is a business in which one
person is in control of the management and profits. A sole proprietorship has its disadvantages and
advantages. With sole proprietorship, you

Comparing the Ways Michael Herr in Dispatches and Pat...
Comparing the Ways Michael Herr in Dispatches and Pat Barker in Regeneration Show the Effects
of War
When comparing Michael Herr s Dispatches and Regeneration by Pat Barker the differences in
format, style and setting are clear from the outset. However both books explore the horrifying
effect of war on those directly and indirectly involved. The two authors attempt to take the reader
away from objective, statistical impressions of war and closer to the real experiences of those
affected. The various mental and physical effects of war are explored in the books but the
underlining effect that is highlighted is the fact that the men involved will forever be separate from
the rest of society because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Each character s view is slightly different and is revealed at different stages in the novel. I am
surprised that one reviewer believes The novel has no obvious plot *. While not traditional, the
plot fairly simply charts the mental and emotional development of the characters over time.
Generally, the character of Rivers is followed as his views change and his
* Ms. Tallulah: www.amazon.com
patients attempt to remove the mental consequences of the war. Importantly, Regenerationbegins
with Sassoon s actual ant war declaration from 1917, which gives the novel immediate legitimacy.
The plot of Dispatches is not clear cut as many different events, themes and ideas are explored.
The book seems to have no clear direction as Herr explores his time in Vietnam almost like a
stream of consciousness. Because of these structural differences Regeneration leaves a specific,
personal impression of the effect of war whilst Dispatches is an overwhelming bombardment of
experience that brings you closer to the true experience.
Regeneration is written in the third person and characters are used to raise certain issues and
present Barker s own message. I believe that Barker uses the character of Rivers to project her
anti war message to the reader. Rivers is the central character whose views on the war and his
reason for sending cured patients back to the front are

The Trenches Of Birdsong ( 1993 )
Examine the ways Faulks presents superstition among characters in the trenches in Birdsong (1993).
Superstition as an excessively credulous belief in and reverence for the supernatural is often
associated with perilous endeavours, and a psychological need to latch on to a mechanism to allow
hope for the preservation of the fragile human condition. This systematic and illogical belief in the
supernatural is extensively prevalent throughout Faulks novel, during the linear storyline of
Stephen and other orbital characters it is referenced through not only irrational fears but
additionally rituals of extispicy.
Faulks expedites the process of firm belief among the characters during life on the front line, which
is particularly highlighted ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This thus deepens the contrast to the final section of the sentence which informs the reader that
Weir is fascinated by the divination taking place. Using the adjective fascinated precisely aligns
with imagery associated with a childlike fixation upon something, and so it can be extrapolated
that in this case the object of the subject s curiosity is extispicy. That Weir can stomach such a
ritual and remain engaged and fascinated suggest that the character truly believes that this can
determine his future with a degree of useful accuracy. This barbaric practice and all its derivatives
collectively indicate the desperation of the soldiers and how they are left with no option but to
cling on to any form of hope they can muster.
As well as an air of hope, an underlying sense of ridicule and even mockery is brought to bear
through Ellis response to the ritualistic predictions, remarking that Stephen and Weir should be
ashamed of themselves . A depth of ignominy is acknowledged in this light, which evinces that
certain soldiers believe such practice to be nonsense and that those who practice it should be
embarrassed. Specific phrasing as you should be ashamed stipulates an understanding that such
behaviour was commonplace, as the characters are not ashamed, however it is of Ellis opinion that
they should be. Faulks in this way offers

The Universal Commercial Code, Banks, and Fraudulent Activity
What happens when a bank accepts a check with a forged endorsement? Who suffers the loss?
Who is liable? Where can these answers be found? Check fraud law is governed by Articles 3 and
4 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). The National Conference of Commissioners on
Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute created the Uniform Commercial Codein a
joint effort. It took over ten years to originally draft the UCC, and a further fourteen years for the
UCC to be implemented across the country. The creation of the UCC began in 1940 in an effort to
attack major commercial problems with comprehensive legal solutions The UCC allows
commercial organizations to do business across jurisdictional boundaries with confidence because
these... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It seems that the company does not think it feasible to try to recovery their loses from employee,
Lisa Leslie, and therefore goes after the bank for allowing her to steal from them. Is the bank at
fault? Does the bank have an obligation to their customers to protect them from fraudulent activity?
In short, yes. Customers trust banks to do just that.
In this case, the bank did what it was supposed to do. The court held that a corporate resolution
given to the bank and a signature card gave the officer authority to endorse checks for deposit to the
account, and to draft checks from the account, so the bank was not liable for conversion. These
documents were unambiguous. The resolution and signature card clearly let the officer act for the
company regarding the account, including withdrawing money and endorsing checks for deposit.
The fact that she was not specifically designated as an officer in the resolution was irrelevant. Her
acts did not violate the authority the resolution gave her, and whether she violated company policy
related to her abuse of authority, not a lack of authority. The bank was not liable for such abuse.
Given her authority, nothing put the bank on notice of her illegal activity, so the

Controlling Tuberculosis in China
Controlling tuberculosis in China
Introduction
Tuberculosis is a disease of an infectious nature caused by a bacterium known as mycobacterium
tuberculosis. The disease spreads through the air. People with the disease can spread it to
susceptible people through coughing, sneezing, talking or spitting. It mainly affects the lungs and
other parts such as the lymph nodes and kidneys can also be affected. The symptoms for TB are
fatigue, coughing, night sweats, weight loss and fever. One third of the population of the world is
affected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. The rate of infection is estimated to be one person per
second. About 14 million people in the world are infected with active tuberculosis. Drug resistant
TB has been recorded to be a serious public health hazard in many countries. Resistant strains
have developed making it difficult to treat the disease. TB has caused millions of death mainly in
people living with HIV/AIDS ADDIN EN.CITE Ginsberg19981447(Ginsberg,
1998)1447144717Ginsberg, Ann M.The Tuberculosis Epidemic: Scientific Challenges and
OpportunitiesPublic Health Reports (1974 )Public Health Reports (1974 )128
13611321998Association of Schools of Public Health00333549http://www.jstor.org/stable
/4598234( HYPERLINK l _ENREF_3 o Ginsberg, 1998 #1447 Ginsberg, 1998). The World Health
Organization came up with the DOTS (Directly Observed, Therapy, Short course) strategy. The
approach involves diagnosing cases and treating patients with drugs for about 6 8

The Cardiac Cycle Is Associated With The Blood Flow...
Introduction: The cardiac cycle is associated with the blood flow through the heart (Saladin, 2015).
The heart rate is a term describing the regularity of the cardiac cycle (Marieb,2007). The heart rate
is the amount of times it contracts or also known as beats in a unit of time, nearly always per
minute. The normal pulserate for healthy adults ranges from 60 100 bpm(beats per minute),
approximately the adult heart rateregulates 75 bpm but this varies from person to person (Saladin,
2015). The heartrate generally slows down through childhood, as you develop (MacGill, 2015).
Abnormal heart rates have medical names and harmless for some (MacGill, 2015). Tachycardia
refers to the heart beating too fast at rest being over 100 beats per minute and Bradycardia refers
to the heart beating too slow, usually below 60 beats per minute ( MacGill, 2015). The nervous
system monitors the body and signals your heart to beat faster in response to increased activity.
The normal heart rate undergoes healthy variation, going up in response to some conditions,
including exercise, body temperature, body position, and emotion (MacGill, 2015). The blood is
rushing around the heart to get rid of deoxygenated blood and carries back oxygenated blood
from the lungs (Saladin, 2015) Sounds heard in the cardiovascular system result from the turbulent
blood flow (Marieb, 2007). Two sounds can be heard during each cardiac cycle; these sounds are
commonly known as lub and dub . The sequence is

Medtronic vs Stryker
Executive Summary
The New Year started off well in the US medical devices industry and shows no signs of slowing
down in 2008. The robust demand for medical equipment and the increasingly ageing population
helped the shares of several medical devices makers outperform the market in the second half of
2007. We maintain the belief that, as a whole, the medical deviceindustry is highly profitable with
high barriers to entry. In addition, during periods of economic uncertainty, medical equipmenthas
seen continued gains.
We are evaluating two companies within the Medical Equipment Industry: Stryker Corp.
(NYSE:SYK) and Medtronic Inc. (NYSE:MDT). Our main goal is to analyze which company
might make a better investment.
Stryker Corp ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most leading US medical devices manufacturers sought to introduce new products, secure market
share and drive long term growth to remain competitive. Despite economic jitters in the US, the
industry remained healthy and showed little sign of slowing down significantly in 2008. It serves
more than 300 million people and should continue to be profitable. As patients continue to make
their quality of life an important healthcare priority and are willing to invest in treatments, medical
devices manufacturers and providers should experience growth. Medical device companies
continued to devote time and money to determine national regulatory requirements, conduct
additional overseas clinical trials and equip themselves new medical technologies. The demand for
medical devices was driven by growing expenditure on healthcare around the world, including
building hospitals and clinics, focusing attention on the health of citizens and adopting better
technologies. One of the ongoing issues, however, was the safety and quality of devices originating
from overseas, particularly China.
In 2007, the US medical devices industry saw healthy growth, thanks to strong sales of medical
devices. As a result, the shares of most leading medical devices companies rose in the second half
of 2007.
Stock Performances of Leading US Medical Equipment Companies
Companies% Increase in Share Prices(Jul Dec 2007)
Stryker Corp17.7%
Becton Dickinson11.4%
Baxter International

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Online...
Nowadays more and more people prefer to look for information of different kind in online
newspapers. In our high tech world people choose mobility and fast temper of life. That s why I
dare say that almost every piece of news can be found by means of Internet. Along with traditional
printed newspapers there appeared up to date and more efficient way to present information.
Online newspapers became widely spread as a way to inform and unite readers according to their
interests. I ll make an attempt to define clearly privileges and drawbacks of both variants.
There is a wide variety of newspapers published online. Readers may mostly get access to
sociological, psychological and political newspapers and those intended for a wide range of
people. In general online newspapers don t seem to differ much from printed versions by the ...
Textbooks are a technology that has been around since the 16th century and what most of our
educational practices revolve. It is going to be a challenge to transition from a tool that is so
completely entrenched in our way of teaching and how most educators were taught during their
educational career. These devices are going to require a completely new approach to teaching and
thinking about the new skills that are needed to succeed today.
IBM_Selectric_smIf you ve been around since the introduction of the personal computer you will
remember that for a few years the PC was no more than a fancy typewriter that didn t require
carbon paper to make multiple copies. I still have a soft spot for the IBM Selectric typewriter, but
my Apple with a dot matrix printer running AppleWorks was a huge improvement. My Apple
computer moved me from typing to word processing. However, it wasn t until I had the computer
for almost five years that I used it for anything but word processing. I never really thought it would
be anything but my fancy new

Sociological Perspective On Gang Violence
Gang violence in youth has gotten to far there are more and more juveniles getting recruited by
gang members in society. We here all these gang violence going on and sadly most of the gang
activity that goes on is done by juveniles. Being a part of a low income society I see what kind of
people are involve in gangactivity and many mostly all are under age making them strive for
respect with our fearing consequences. Like sated on the LAPD websites the fill us the
community in on how early gangs start recruiting juveniles as described on their web site it sates
Gang involvement can begin as early as elementary school. Children as young as seven or eight
years of age have been recruited to work in criminal street gangs. Many parents and educators...
Gang incitation s and gun violence are highest among African American youth. One study reported
that African Americans, future and current gang members, are most likely to own a gun. Gang
related homicides increased with the use of firearms, gang activities becoming more violent to
include drug related activities. Many of these young kids are often striving for respect from there
fellow gang members and rivals so they are the ones often comminuting the crimes. They want to
pay their tribute to the OG (original gangster) the problem with this is that at such a young age they
don t know how to react to a certain situation so they try to resolve everything with gun

The Great Depression and the Life of Italian-Immigrant...
The Great Depression and the Life of Italian Immigrant Workers
Commentary: In order to develop ideas for this paper, I first analyzed the time of the Depression
and what Italian Immigrants lives were like typically living in America. Using this background
knowledge, I was able to analyze the lifestyles of the working class in each of the stories. Even
though the background story of each of the family s lives differed, they all had a common basis in
that they were Italian Immigrant families working a hard lifestyle in order to support the family
during economic hardship. I revised this paper by looking to see if my ideas were clearly
expressed. I ran into an obstacle of trying to figure out which ideas to express, since the novels ...
Cooking and baking is a central quality of this family s lifestyle. The narrative goes into great
detail and this has to do with a cultural placement. For Giovanni s family, cooking and eating is a
set of cultural rituals and the making of an experience. It is a part of a performance art, not just a
consumption product. Another central quality of this family s lifestyle is essentially work. Puma
writes: With Johnny s help, father and son would finish up by eleven instead of after midnight for
the father alone. The next morning Johnny would still be sleepy, and his mother would tickle his
toes until he climbed out of bed for breakfast with his sister and brother. By then his father would
already be on the subway headed again for the pastry shop Downtown (From the Margins 86).
This shows that Giovanni s life centers around work. Giovanni spends most of his time working
about six days a week. He is doing this in order to support his family. In another scene when
Johnny is making dough, he sees bugs in the flour, and Giovanni also accidentally knocks
cigarette ashes into the flour. Giovanni shrugs it off as if it is no big deal. Giovanni is exhausted
and he is simply being realistic and just wants to get work done. Puma shows Giovanni s hard
lifestyle when he writes: The physical work, the heat from the ovens...the long hours for little pay in
those times when most other Sicilians too didn t earn enough to buy many cakes when almost

Opium Wars In The 1800s
The Opium Wars
Student Rebecca Courte
Teacher Mrs O Connor
Prior to the Opium Wars in the 1800 s the Qing Dynasty had conquered more land than ever for
China, its jurisdiction was nearly 10 million square kilometres but this cost them dearly and
regardless of their prodigious feats, soon begun a slow decline. After following the example of
Genghis Kahn and his nucleus of universal culture, the overthrow of the Ming dynasty was slightly
less barbaric than previous dynasty collapses. But as the country became more peaceful the
population boomed, trebling what it had been during the last century, this lead to famines, disease
and overcrowding. Although their people were starving and living in poverty the country remained
rich in resources such ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of the major ones include a series of unequal treaties initiated by the British which forced
China to oblige because they were a less dominant empire. There was also the continued
encroachment of foreigners into China which the Qing dynasty failed to control. This was one of
many things that lead to the Qing government being seen as incompetent and a subsequent political
turmoil in which there were many struggles for power. But one of the major long term
consequences was the adoption of western doctrines and beliefs. The Opium Warsopened the
society s eyes to alternate cultures and

вЂњWhen Your Conscience Says Law Is Immoral, Don T Follow
When your conscience says law is immoral, don t follow it. (Washington v. Glucksberg, n.d) This
line, originally from Jack Kevorkian seems to resonate deeply with the proponents of legalizing
marijuana use, despite it originally referring to assisted suicide. The legalization of marijuana
use had become one of the biggest hot button issues of the last decade, and is being fiercely
debated across the United States. First made illegal in 1970 with the passing of the Controlled
Substances Act, which declared it an addictive drug with no medical value, many are now fighting
against this law, citing medicinal uses and an apparent lack of fierce addictiveness. Since 1996, 23
states have passed laws allowing for medicinal use of marijuana,... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The other side of pro legalization are those who seek full legalization of the drug for recreational,
as well as medical, usage. Recreational marijuana should be understood as marijuana that has not
been recommended for use by a medical professional, and is used solely for the psychoactive
properties that it contains. But is the morality between these two camps really any different? Is
using marijuana for the medicinal purpose alone any different, when looking at it from an ethical
standpoint, then using it for enjoyment? By examining this issue through several different ethical
theories, it becomes clear that there is a distinct difference in the morality between medical and
recreational use. Medical use of marijuana is moral. In some cases, it allows users to live a
relatively normal life, while in other cases it gives users a reduction in pain as they approach the
end of their lives. However, recreational use of marijuana is not moral. Unrestricted use for no
medical reason can be destructive and addicting, despite the momentary pleasure it may bring to the
user. Pleasure is the basis for one of the main ethical theories, hedonism. As one of the simplest
ethical theories, it is probably the best place to begin our examination.
Hedonism is one of the oldest of philosophical theories, dating back to the ancient Greeks. As
Schafer Landau (2015) explained, Epicurus (341 270 BCE), the first great hedonist, argued that
pleasure was the only thing

Informative Speech About The PAL Program
Informative Speech
Hi my name is Morgan Delgado and my informative speech is about the PAL program. David
Green said, You need an attitude of service. You re not just serving yourself. You help others to
grow up and you grow with them. Many high school students say they are too busy with
schoolwork and extracurricular activities to find time to volunteer. What if there was a program that
allowed students to help others during the school day? The Peer Assistance and Leadership or PAL
program for short, allows students to help others while having fun, earning school credit for the
course, and getting volunteer hours. The PAL program provides students with an opportunity to
help at risk students, volunteer in the community, and participate ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Each PAL is assigned 3 5 students, called PALees, who are identified by the teacher or counselor
as needing extra support. The elementary or intermediate students are referred for academic
support, behavioral issues, or social issues. It is the PALs job to cater to the need of each student
they are mentoring. The PAL visits each of these students once per week for 30 minutes during
the school day. Each week has a theme that the activity must follow. Some of the weekly themes
include math, reading, crafts, and technology. The PAL plans a new activity for each week to
support the need of each student. Many kids benefit from this program because they have someone
who is a good role model for them as well as someone they can count on.
PALs not only make a difference in the lives of students, but also in the community. PALs
participate in community service project including collecting school supplies, toy drives, and gift
packages for the armed forces. PALs also put on events for special needs students such as APE
Field Day for all the special needs students in the district. At this event students get to play games
and have a chance to win prizes. PALs also support school sports teams by attending games as a
group. They support the players by cheering for them and making

Bigfoot Research Paper
How has Bigfoot s legend evolved over the years?What does Bigfoot look like? Bigfoot is
believed to be a hairy aped liked creature that is 7 10 feet tall and weighs 600 to 900 pounds. He
typically can run from 16 to 18 inches long and about 7 inches wide (www.unmuseum.org). Bigfoot
is a hairy creature that appears half man and half ape have existed in various parts of the world for
many centuries. Bigfoot is also known as Abnuaaya, Abominable Snowman, Albasty, Alma,
Almasty, Annapurna Footprints, Bekk Bokk, Boardman and Tasker Tracks, Cryptid,
Cryptozoologist, Cryptozoology, Dogman, Kaptar, Mulen, Old Yellow Top, Sasquatch, Shipton Yeti
Tracks, Skunk Ape, Voita, Yeti, Zana, Zanya (www.unexplained mysteries.comBigfoot) has been
sighted... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The animal s very name came from the size of the footprints it leaves behind. Some tracks have
toes that have five toes, but then there other tracks that have two, three, four or even six toes.
Not all prints found are footprints. In September 2000, a team of investigators from the Bigfoot
Field Research Organization found a Bigfoot body print and also they have got sounds from
Bigfoot that sound like grunts, howls, and growls (www.csicop.org). In February, a group of
Colorado researchers claimed they found scientific evidence to confirm Bigfoot s existence.
Researcher Dave Paulides says his research group collected hundreds of DNA samples from
Bigfoot, mostly from Northern California s redwoods, and said the creature is a human
subspecies. Bigfoot s legend has evolved over the years cause there are more sightings of
Bigfoot and more evidence on what it is and where it has come from. Bigfoot is an odd
unexplained creature that we have no idea of but we have a lot of hard evidence that points to
something. As you can see of how many names he has there s a lot of people who has seen this big
hairy ape like creature. Theirs evidence that points to human hybrids. So maybe the evolution of
Bigfoot has evolved a lot and we don t see it, because since theirs no actual Bigfoot right in front of
them people tend to think he is fake, but with all the eye witness accounts out there it points to
something

Chinese Labor relations
Chinese Labor Relations Labor relations in China have become more and more complex, labor
conflicts have occurred frequently, and thus labor disputes have been growing with a rate much
faster than that of the development of GDP in the past decade. They could become a potential
obstacle to the economic development if not appropriately managed. The paper studies the
condition of labor relations, and probes the profound reasons for it, and compares it across the
world in order to give a description for it. 1. CONDITION OF LABOR RELATIONS IN CHINA
Since the mid of 1990s, accompanied with the deepening of economy reform of China, most social
and economic relationships have been undergoing formidable transformation and the social and...
Therefore more studies were much needed. In conclusion, the weak status of workers and the
related labor conflicts will still exist for a long time in present and in the coming future and it is
urgent to regulate and coordinate the labor relations. However, the labor relations were not
absolutely contradictive and non coordinated because the acute labor relations can bring losses and
damage to the interests of both employers and employees. Thus the coordination of labor relations
should be a long trend. 2 BACKGROUND FOR SHARPLY INCREASED LABOR CONFLICTS:
ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION The labor relations have experienced radical changes in the
process of economic transformation in China in the past two decades. The economic transformation
in China meant the transformation of both the economic system and the economic structure. In the
transformation of economic system, the labor relations changed from the traditional planned
economy system to market oriented economy system, and from the simple style between state
owned enterprises and employees to the complex style between enterprises of various ownerships
and employees with different status, from interest consistency and inter cooperation to interest
conflict and the combination of inter cooperation and confliction. In the transformation of
economic structure, lots of rural surplus labor, attracted by the payment difference between rural
and urban China floated into

Narrative Essay On A River Runner
Sturgeon River Runner
I thought it was going to be a cool and relaxing river, but I was wrong. Finally, school was out
and it was time for fun and excitement during summer vacation, so my dad thought it was a
good idea to go camping and kayaking. Every summer our family goes on a trip to the Platte
River. However, when I was ten years old my parents decided to do something different and go to
the Sturgeon River instead. This would be one of the fastest and craziest river I have ever gone
kayaking on.
We headed to Turtle Lake Campground, and finally arrived around noon so we still had plenty of
time to explore. Since I had never been there before I decided to check it out as soon as I could. I
offered to go on a bike ride with my friend Lucas ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cody! My dad shouted as he seen me go head first into an ice cold rapid river. My dad dove in the
water right behind me and grabbed my arm as I was getting pulled under by the undertow and
pulled me up to shore.
Cody are you ok? My dad asked.
Yes I replied as I took my shoes off to drain the water out. My dad grabbed my kayakand he flipped
it over to drain the water out of it. I was really cold and scared while we were standing on the shore
of the river waiting for the water to drain back into the river, but I learned my lesson that day and I
still remember that episode whenever I go kayaking.
I ve learned that I should never get to carried away when doing serious things because it could go
bad and have consequences. I had a lot of fun that day but if I would ve taken more caution then
It could ve had a different result. Whenever I go kayaking my dad and I still remember the
accident like it was

60 Minutes King Solomon
60 Minutes: King Solomon Edition Wealth, a lengthy lifespan, the death of his enemies,
countless wives, all of these were offered to King Solomon by God once he became the king of
Israel. Solomon, however, dismissed these options, and gave God an unparalleled request,
wisdom. This was most certainly the correct answer, and Solomon was gifted not only wisdom
and discernment, but unimaginable wealth and honor as well. Regarded by many as the most
intellectually gifted person in history, this son of King David led Israel to a period of great
prosperity. While there are many historical figures whom I look up to, due to his wisdom,
discernment, and leadership abilities, King Solomon would be the person whom I would choose
to spend an hour with conversing. Wisdom and discernment are two attributes which I will never
cease attempting to acquire. No matter how intellectual a person is, they can always become
wiser. Knowing that King Solomon was the wisest man to ever live, I would most likely spend the
majority of the hour interrogating him with question after question of which I have always been
curious of the answer. His decision making skills, or discernment, would also benefit me greatly,
and I would be interested in how to make better decisions or... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
King Solomon was a very admirable king, as he not only led his people to prosperous times but
did it in a right and just manner. King Solomon s wisdom and discernment were certainly his
primary characteristics, and he benefited largely from each of them. King Solomon s decision to
ask God for wisdom, as opposed to anything else in the world, changed his life forever, and
transformed him into one of the most prominent biblical figures. If given an opportunity to have an
hour long conversation with anyone or anything, I would not be able to pass up the opportunity to
learn from the wisest man to ever

Sculptures at Crosby Beach
Whilst visiting Crosby beach in October 2013 there was evidence of the public altering the statues
appearance. Somebody had knitted around the ankle of one, and also placed a hard hat on the head.
The statues being placed at Crosby beach had created a large tourist attraction and we see how the
public introduce their own enjoyment to the art.
With the sculptures being constantly moved to different locations, they were granted permission to
be permanently positioned at Crosby beach in 2005, despite some objections. Certain people
believed that the figures were offensive and pornographic due to them being naked with genitalia
on show. They also believed that they were a safety hazard due to it being difficult to differ
between a human and a sculpture in low lighting. Also, reaching the figures close to the sea was
shown as a hazard due to the sinking mud; a problem which I had encountered myself! The
sculptures being made out of Cast iron is also relevant to them being positioned in Crosby beach.
The cast iron links to the Liverpool s industrial origin as a major port. The figures stand watching
as many ships pass each day, as they are reaching their new destination. The sculptures are possibly
standing, waiting to travel to Another place. This point is strengthened by the fact that some of the
sculptures are half buried in the sand, giving the impression of the statues walking into the sea.
The images above allow us to see the effects that the environment have on the

Summary Of David Crystal Or Not 2b
In the article 2b or Not 2b by David Crystal, he explains why he thinks texting will not destroy
language. He infers that texting adds a new facet to communication. Crystal starts by establishing
an opposing argument in the introduction when he mentions John Humphrys I h8 txt msgs: How
texting is wrecking our language (335). One can deduce from the title of the article and Humphrys
description of texters as vandals who are doing to our language what Genghis Khan did to his
neighbors 800 years ago. (335) that Humphrys does not support texting. Crystal goes on to mention
John Sutherland, another man who describes texting as bleak, bald, sad shorthand. Drab shrinktalk
... Linguistically it s all pig s ear ... it masks dyslexia, poor spelling and mental laziness. Texting is
penmanship for illiterates. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Texting has grown exponentially since then, but texting does not necessarily hinder literacy. Crystal
argues, Although many texters enjoy breaking linguistic rules, they also know they need to be
understood, (337). When the messages are longer, more abbreviations tend to be used. He
references a study that has proven that the number of abbreviations in a text message has resulted in
higher scores on reading and vocabulary tests. According to Crystal, you have to know how letters
relate to sounds throughout language to write

The Hours Theme
Michael Cunningham s The Hours tells the story of three women, each from different eras of
society, yet connected through the internal conflicts which they face. Laura Brown, one of the
novel s three protagonists, lives the white middle class American dream. However, throughout the
novel her mental health begins to deteriorate due to the oppressive lifestyle which she feels society
has forced upon her. The Virginia Woolf
portrayed by Cunningham, was in fact historically accurate
to the original Virginia Woolf. Wolf struggled with mental illness throughout her lifetime and the
idea of breaking the mold of traditional women s roles. Unlike Laura Brown and Virginia Woolf,
Clarissa Vaughn enjoys all of the freedoms which the late twentieth century allows, but is still left
questioning if her life of a conventional wife and mother is lacking something. Character, to some
extent is determined by destiny, however, when society places limitations on an individual s free
will, it will always create a desire to break away from the mold. Above all other characters in The
Hours, Laura Brown challenges her destiny like no other. The post war society of America in the
1950s clearly defined the roles in which women were expected to fill. Unlike most of the women
which share her similar suburban lifestyle, Laura feels dissatisfied with her life consisting of solely
marriage and motherhood. Throughout the course of the novel, Laura searches for an escape from
this traditional way of

Australia Federation Research Paper
Before 1901 Australia was not a federation, it was a collection of 6 British colonies, with them
being, New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, Queensland, Southern Australia, and Western
Australia. In the 1850s the forming of an Australian Federation was not as popular, due to the fact
that the colonies were more worried about their own nation and people. It was not until the 1880s
until people considered the advantages of forming a nation, and in 1901 they formed a nation. The
there are plenty of reasons for this, however the 3 main reason they formed a nation was because,
they wanted to have a united defense force and could protect Australia better, they also wanted to
increase their policies on the white Australian policy, and they could... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
During the time, other countries was presence around the country, with the Russians in the
Pacific, Germany in Papa New Guinea, and France colonizing New Carolina. Even though the
colonies had armies in every town but according to a report made by the British Army s Major
General Sir J. Bevan Edwards it said that the colonies did not possess enough men, arms or even
ammunition or provide adequate defense. This report had strengthen the idea that the colonies
needed to unite their troops to form one united army. Also with the fact that each colony s navy
had only one or two warship, if other navies were to come from sea, their navy won t have
enough power and size to defend the country. Finally with Asian countries like China and Japan
with a great army, there were also fear that they would come invade the colonies, and that they
would have absolutely no possibilities in defending the country. As Alfred Deakin, later to be
Chief Secretary of Victoria had warned: The Asiatic wave which has threatened to engulf us is
only suspended for a short time, but if the colonies do not federate our comparatively trifling white
population will be swept before it like a feather . All this gave the colonies all the reasons to unite
the nation and unite the army. Apart from defending

King Alfred the Great Essay
King Alfred the Great
King Alfred the Great was born at Wantage, in 849, on a royal manor of his father s holding, a
family estate which long afterward he himself would leave in legacy to his wife. Alfred was the
youngest of five children, four sons and a daughter, born to Ethelwulf by his wife Osburh. When
Alfred was four years old, his father, the king, who by now had long despaired of getting to
Rome in the present state of things, decided to send Alfred there, to at least receive the blessing
of the Holy Father. The pope at the time, Leo the IV, gave Alfred the blessing to become king.
Alfred s time came in the year mid April 871, when King Г†thelred died. Only a king of full age
could defend the land, and although Г†thelred ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, Alfred was not content with being on the defensive. He also attacked the Danish held
City of London in an attempt to diminish the lands ruled under Dane law (Bruce 4). No Anglo
Saxon king was ever strong enough to coerce a recalcitrant peasantry. Except Alfred who
decided to allow half the men liable for service to remain at home while the other half was out
against the Danes (Stenton 261). In order for Alfred to keep peace and defeat the Danes, he had to
win many major battles. On Easter Sunday 878, when King Alfred withdrew into the Isle of
Athelney, there was every likelihood that before the end of the year Wessexwould have been
divided out among the members of the Danish army. King Alfred made sure that Wessex would
escape that fate. Although Alfred did lose a major battle against the Danes only four years ago,
he overcame them in 878 when he won the Battle of Edington. Alfred showed strong resistance
by constantly engaging Danish raiding parties from his base in Athelney. After nearly seven
weeks of strong battles, Alfred was able to begin defeating the Danes (Stenton 253). Along with
Alfred s idea of coercing a recalcitrant peasantry, he had other ways of defeating the Danes as
well. Alfred began building warships in order to develop a navy. The ships in which Alfred built
were twice as long as those which they were intended to meet (Stenton 253). These

Factors Affecting The Political Risk
N
Valid
32
Missing
0
Mean
57.508681
Mode
69.2222
Std. Deviation
16.3290177
Variance
266.637
Skewness
.275
Std. Error of Skewness
.414
Kurtosis
.818
Std. Error of Kurtosis
.809
The average press freedom in the 32 SSA countries in this study is 57.5, which implies the press in
the region is largely partly free.
The dependent variable is the political risk. It provides an overview of the political stability in a
particular country. The scale is designed to show the greatest value to the lowest risk and the lowest
value of the highest risk. Economic, demographic, and geographic indicators are also included in
the econometric specifications being control variables thus ensuring the analysis affecting the
political risk. The political risk ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Deviation
7.291
Variance
53.157
Skewness
.308
Std. Error of Skewness
.414
Kurtosis
1.091
Std. Error of Kurtosis
.809

Preliminary analysis of the literacy rate indicates that the SSA region has an average literacy rate of
73% which is moderately low compared to the average global literacy rate of 84%.
SPSS data is categorized as nominal, ordinal or scale, whereby nominal data is a variable without
intrinsic ranking, ordinal variables have intrinsic ranking while scale variables represent data with
meaningful metrics to allow for data comparisons. all the three variables in this study are scale
variables implying that their values can facilitate comparison between the data of each country.
Method
To normalize the data in order to ensure accurate analysis, the indices on press freedom and
political risk were averaged for the period between 1996 and 2013. IBM s SPSS was used to
identify correlations between the press freedom and political risk through linear regression.
Without the control:
Model Summary
Model
R
R Square
Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Square
Estimate
1
.734a
.538
.523
.1162246
a. Predictors: (Constant), Press Freedom Index
ANOVAa
Model
Sum of Squares df Mean Square
F
Sig.
1
Regression
.473
1
.473
34.983
.000b
Residual
.405
30
.014
Total
.878
31
a. Dependent Variable: Political Risk Index
b. Predictors: (Constant), Press Freedom Index

Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized

Ethics and Live Tissue Training
The Ethical Dilemma of Live Tissue Training in the Military Environment
By
Aaron Smith
22 September 2012
Thesis: Over the past 11 years to date, the United States has endured almost 8000 casualties from
two major conflicts (iCasualties.org, 2012). Although this number is staggering, we have also seen
soldiers surviving injuries that were previously fatal (Philpott, 2005). This increase in survivability
is largely due to the advancements in medical research and applied training. When it comes to
military trauma, our warrior medics should be equipped with the most realistic training attainable.
Although several simulation aids are used to provide this training, other methods such as live tissue
training are still employed. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a recent media source, PETA defended their stance, stating, they can drug an animal up, but they
are sentient creatures that still feel pain and fear by being treated as a disposable commodity
(Gordon, 2009). The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM) agrees with PETA
stating, Because widely validated and accepted non animal alternatives for chemical casualty
management and combat trauma training courses exist, there is no justification for the use of live
animals for these training purposes (PCRM).
Stakeholder Analysis: There are several individuals and organizations affected by this ethical
dilemma. First and foremost are the casualties down range. Having highly trained personnel ready
to treat and manage wounds on the battlefield is paramount in the survivability of these injured
soldiers. Is the potential increase in fatalities on the battlefield justified by the elimination of live
tissue training for warrior medics? When it comes to this life versus life assessment, which way is
the most ethical choice?
Secondly, the medically trained personnel must be taken into consideration. Without the most
realistic training available, combat medics will not be as prepared to properly assess and treat
casualties. A Marine Corps Staff Sergeant is quoted in saying, I can honestly say that the military
training that I received did not prepare me nearly as well as the live tissue training. I had to

The Link Between Our Minds And Our Environment
Our senses are the link between our minds and our environment; we rely on them for our tactical,
olfactory, visual, auditory and gustatory acquisition of knowledge. Our dependence on our senses
for knowledge makes our need to critically evaluate the information they deliver higher. The only
way a knower can achieve a state of perceptive, yet thoughtful, acquisition of knowledge is by
maintaining a balance between trusting our senses and assessing their congruence with pre existing
knowledge. The sole purpose of a knower it to contribute to society in a positive manner. One must
make an impact on the community with the knowledge they have acquired. The president of a
nation who creates decisions contributes to society and even forming and sharing opinions in class
can positively impact a community. The knowledge of a knower determines the overall content and
effect of the contribution made, whether it is positive or negative. The primary sources of
information are sigh, touch, smell, taste, and hearing. These are the five senses, which are the
gateway of accessing knowledge from his experiences and the environment. In order to determine
the truth of the senses, a knower has to first compare his sensory perceptions to his pre existing
knowledge and determine whether the information is congruent. However this process occurs
without the knower realizing it. A knower does not question every sight, smell, sound, touch and
taste, but rather accepts them in the context of his

The Importance Of Campaigning In The United States
To win a presidential election, it is a necessity to be able to afford the cost of campaigning. The
start up cost is $10 million just for the headquarter. These candidates will need to spend another
$4 to $15 million to stay in the game. The fight to remain as a candidate is vicious as there will
only be a couple of candidates being chosen for the final round. To be in the final round, they
have to gain their popularity, advertise about themselves in order to win. The downside to the
hefty price of campaigning is that only the wealthy can win. The less wealthy ones are those
whom are less funded and are not in the two major political parties in the US. Hence the majority
in the US might not be very well represented due to social inequality.

Essay on Relations Between the US and Italy Between 1952-1954
Relations Between the US and Italy Between 1952 1954
The Communist Problem
The cold war loss of Italy to Communist control would result in profound political, psychological
and military damage to the free world (p.1567)
Draft Statement of Policy by The Planning Board of The National Security Council
After the end of World War II the United States embarked on years of an uneasy alliance with Italy.
The recovering Italian Fascist government was highly unstable and looked as though it could fall
into Communist hands at any moment. The United States through mostly financial means chose to
support the Christian Democratic Party in hopes of squelching public support for the ... Show more
This created an extremely volatile political environment Italy which consisted of a virtual plethora
of viable political parties including the dominant United States backed and funded Christian
Democrats and the Partitio Communista Italiano also known as the PCI. There was a strong
conflict of interest that arose between the formal antifascist constitution and the material one
imposed being imposed on them by the escalating international situation. On one side there was
the pro Western stance of the main Italian governing party, the Christian Democrats and on the
other side they were faced with the PCI s dependency on the Soviet Union, these issues were soon
to become the major boiling points of the Italian republic. The PCI s alliance with the Soviet
Union provided them with resources much need by the PCI and much maligned by the United
States as stated in this dispatch from the Director of Western European Affairs in Feb. of 1952, The
Communist Party apparently has unlimited funds to finance its activities and is becoming
increasingly active in the South. (p.1572) In a way Italy was attempting to be seen as a country
bridging the ever widening gap between the United States and the Soviet Union. The Italian
government in 1952 was under the rule of Christian Democrat premier, Alcide De Gasperi. The US
had seemed faithful at first that the Christian Democrats

The World Trade Organization and Intellectual Property Rights
I. INTRODUCTION
One of the most controversial provisions of the World Trade Organization s (WTO) Agreement on
Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) patent regime is the compulsory
product patent protection for pharmaceutical inventions. In order to comply with the TRIPS
obligation, India introduced product patent protection from 1 January 2005. In doing so, India in a
way reinstated the patent regime, which is believed to favour the pharmaceutical Multinational
Corporations (MNCs). While carrying out the amendment, Indian policy makers were confronted
with two major concerns, viz. the future of the Indian pharmaceutical industry and access to
affordable medicines within the country and other developing countries. Thus the major concern
was how the adoption of intellectual property regimes would affect their efforts to improve public
health, and economic and technological development more generally, particularly if the effect of
introducing patent protection was to increase the price and decrease the choice of sources of
pharmaceuticals . To make use of the flexibilities available within and outside of TRIPS turned out
to be the most pragmatic solution available for developing countries, including India, to address the
concerns on the availability and accessibility of medicines. According to this approach, TRIPS
provides only minimum standards of protection and does not set the universal common standard for
the

Movie Vs Play Analysis
I found the play to be far superior in comparison to the original film version as the movie s
writing glorified modern American consumerism. A post war financial boom brought a great
amount of advertising and promotion, and the movie was overflowing with blatant celebration
of products. The presence of sexism as well of the obvious lack of racially diverse main characters,
was a big problem for me in my terms of likability of the movie. The play was able to strip itself
of the gaudiness/lack of diversity and that left room for a brilliantly crafted sub plot with a well
rounded cast and smartly written script. As A Christmas Story appears to be set in the mid to late
1940 s, during what I must presume is post World War Two due to the lack
... Show more content on
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The movie had zero racial diversity as, any character of racial diversity was a non speaking
background character. That speaks volumes for films made in the 80 s though, as the film and
television industry s diversity in characters only really started to pick up in the 90 s with films
and shows such as, Clueless and The Fresh Prince of Bel Air. By having an African Nova
Scotian actor play a large speaking role such as, Ralphie s friend, Flick, the directors took notice
to today s queues of having a diverse and well rounded cast! I think it would have been very
awkward not to, as the need to teach this generation about diversity and equality for all is
extremely important. The writers also added a new strong and intelligent female lead, Esther
Jane! After looking at the IMDB page for the film, I noticed Esther Jane was not a character in
the film. Even if she was, I didn t notice her, at all. The women in Neptune production were an
important component to the story as they interacted with other main characters that, just never
happened in the movie version. Esther Jane, especially was a strong female character as only
being in grade 2, she already had a stance on politics and classic literature. She and her friend,
intimidated even the most terrifying school yard bully, Scott, and was respected by everyone in
the community. Ralphie s mother in the production reminded me of a young Jackie Kennedy
Onassis, not only by the way she was dressed, but by the way she carried herself. She was kind
and caring towards her family, well knowledgable and had a very low temper. The mother in the
movie version was also very kind and understanding but, it seemed she was not in control of
herself or her family. She was annoying and almost held down by her over confident husband. She
didn t stand up for herself in any

Supersequences Of Discussion And Interpretance Of...
6.0Discussion and Interpretation 6.1Source Rock The major source units modelled for both
transects include the blue whale supersequence, the upper white point supersequence and the tiger
supersequences, these three units are considered to have the highest potential of having sourced
hydrocarbons that we preserved in traps. 6.2Reservoir Fluviodeltaic sandstones of the Potoroo
Formation have excellent reservoir potential (net to gross ratio of more than 70% and porosities
over 35% in Potoroo 1, and well over 20% in Gnarlyknots 1A even below 3000 m), but they may
lack an adequate regional seal. However, thick and laterally extensive claystone units within the
Hammerhead Supersequence are likely to be present and provide... Show more content on
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Other principal reservoir candidates are deltaic sandstones of the Ceduna and Platypus formations,
where porosities of up to 30% have been encountered. Locally, marine sandstones of the Tiger
Supersequence (Wigunda and Potoroo formations) also have excellent reservoir quality. Away from
regional highs, prodelta mudstone of the Wigunda Formation provides an effective seal for these
highly porous intervals. Of secondary interest are fluviolacustrine lithologies intersected within the
Loongana and lower Borda formations. Although of highly variable reservoir quality, these
intervals have poor to moderate overall porosity, mainly due to the high depth of burial. Shales of
the Madura and Toondi formations and intraformational shale of the Loongana Formation can
provide adequate seal for these potential reservoirs. Major cap rocks exist in the Borda and
Neptune formations. Excellent quality reservoir rocks have been encountered in the overlying
Eucla Basin, within the marine Wobbegong Supersequence (Pidinga Formation and Hampton
Sandstone). 6.4Timing of Maturation and Migration Present day maturity levels, based on the
constraints described above, are shown in Figure 16. On the northern transect (Fig. 16a), the oil
window is typically reached at depths between 2.0 and 2.5 km below sea surface. Thus, along this
transect, the lower Tiger Supersequence is mature for oil generation in the central part of the

Summary Of All The Light We Cannot See
One hundred and twenty one years before Anthony Doerr published All the Light We Cannot
See, Oscar Wilde wrote, There are moments when one has to choose between living one s own
life, fully, entirely, completely or dragging out some false, shallow, degrading existence that the
world in its hypocrisy demands. This sentiment could be a summary of All The Light We Cannot
See. It could easily be translated into the words repeatedly uttered in Doerr s Pulitzer Prize
winning novel: Open your eyes and see what you can with them before they close forever. To
open the eyes is to live fully. To leave them closed is to live that shallow, degrading existence the
worlddemands and often rewards. The world is not just. When the choice that is right contradicts
the world s desires, to live fully is to live a life of risk. Anthony Doerr s characterization of Werner
illustrates this divide between the right choice and the easy choice, and how when it matters most,
they rarely overlap.
From childhood we were shown Werner s individuality. His striking white hair, the color of his
eyes, even his love of knowledge showed he was different. He made the choice to pursue his
passion for mechanics when it was harmless, but when the world comes knocking at the
orphanage door, bringing in a vice minister and his wife, it is the first time in his life where the
easier choice of compliance is separated from the right choice of the individual. Werner sits in
silence when his passion, the thing that

Netflix s Strengths And Weaknesses
1 Overview of Netflix Netflix is an American entertainment company specializing in streaming
and video on demand services. The company has three main departments: domestic streaming,
international streaming, and domestic DVD. Currently, Netflix streams to over 190 countries,
with a combined worldwide viewership of 93 million. 1.1 History Netflix was founded in Scotts
Valley, California by Marc Randolph and Reed Hastings on August 29, 1997 (Keating, 2012). The
initial focus of the business was DVD rental by mail, which was a new technology at the time. The
business was launched on April 14, 1998, with 30 employees and a catalogue of 925 DVDs. In
2007, Netflix began their international expansion with the introduction of streaming services in
Canada. In 2014, Netflix expanded into 41... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
4.1 Massive ScaleNetflix s size confers significant economies of scale, since marginal costs of
allocating content to an additional user is minimal. Profit margins improve as subscriber counts
increase, allowing Netflix to purchase more content and increase its attractiveness. Termed as a
virtuous cycle by Hastings, it gives Netflix an edge over smaller scale competitors such as Hulu
(Bylund, 2013). Netflix s massive size is valuable, rare, and costly to imitate. The company is also
organized to leverage on its massive scale by fully utilizing all the benefits it confers, such as
usership data and continued global expansion. It is thus a long term competitive advantage. 4.2
Strong BrandingNetflix has become synonymous with Internet video streaming; users often
envisage watching Netflix instead of watching individual shows. In comparison, the closest
competitors such as Hulu and Redbox are not nearly as well known, whilst Amazon Prime Instant
Video is often overlooked due to it being packaged with the Amazon Prime membership (Snider,

Organizational Structure Of Best Buy Co., Inc.
1.The Organization
1.1.Brief History of the Organization
Best Buy Co., Inc. is the largest electronics retailer in United States with international presence in
Mexico, Canada and China. Best Buy Co., Inc. is headquartered in Richfield, Minnesota and
currently operates more than one thousand brick mortar stores. Founded in 1966 as Sound of Music
, Best Buy Co., Inc. evolved from a small regional audio specialty store to a multinational
consumer electronics retail chain within a short span of time. The company s current name Best
Buy was adopted in 1983 with an aim to emphasize a greater consumer electronics branding. Best
Buy Co., Inc. went public in 1987 when it got listed on the New York Stock Exchange.
By the end of 1993, Best Buy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
is a network style organization with an outcome oriented culture which emphasizes sales
performance. Best Buy Co., Inc. has implemented a result oriented work environment which
enables the employees to work anywhere and at any time with a pre defined objectives and
achievement targets. Outcome oriented culture have a great impact on the employee s performance
because all the employees can be held accountable which enables the reward system that rewards
employees and departments based on their achievements. Best Buy Co., Inc. s culture also
demonstrates weaknesses because it is susceptible unethical behavior because sometimes
performance pressure may lead to unethical behavior. As the emphasis is on short term results,
which may lead unhealthy work environment because employees may compete with each other
which often leads to tensions between

The Conflict And Systems Theory Of Conflict Management
Conflict is an offensive obstruction of contrasts from two distinct parties on a perceive
contradiction on the desires and concerns of others carrying out their goals. According to Cooper,
Conflict develops when something is propelled into the space already occupied by something else
that cannot readily accommodate this new presence (2003). The destructive potential experience of
conflictexists as a major aspect of organization life which offer access for advancement, change and
development. These conflict results are vital to theory conflict managementmethod in achieving a
conclusion. Management assumes a willingness to desist or disengage so that the energy produced
by the conflict can be appropriately dissipated (Cooper, 2003).
Systems theory of conflict management is an ideology that reconizes the conceivable sources of
the several types of conflicts in an organization while also explaining how the conflicts can be
resolved. The theory places significance on characters of individuals in the affiliation while
concentrating its investigation on how and why an person s deed can trigger a reaction or reply
from another person within an organization or institution, and how its solution can be worked out.
Due to the fact that organizations hire diverse individuals with distinct personalities and cultural
backgrounds, there are possibilities of the employees failing to work smoothly with each other and
thus a workable solution has to be sought so as to build a knighted

Flavian Amphitheatre
Good Evening! I am Amias, a merchant living in Subura, Rome. Today, I m going to the Flavian
Amphitheatre, also known as the Colosseum. The word amphitheatre means an open air venue
used for entertainment, performances, and sports. The Colosseum is known as one of the
biggest entertainment center for the people of Rome. My friend wanted me to go meet him
before we go watch the match together. I am very excited and left the house very shortly. While
I was walking to see my friend at his house, I saw a patrician shouting at a slave. Patricians were
the upper class people, who owns land. While, the slaves were people that are bought to do labor
work, and they do not have any rights. There are also a class known as the plebeians, which includes
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We are very happy and excited to meet each other. The quality of life during the Roman Empire
was very good for most people. It was the time during Pax Romana, where everything is peaceful
and people were enjoying their life. Soon, my friend and I reached the Colosseum and heard
people screaming and shouting. We saw many people, estimated to be around 30,000. Also, we
saw many gladiators in the battle arena. The gladiators in the Colosseum were mostly slaves,
and they are forced to fight. Sometimes, the group of gladiators will fight with each other, or
even with wild animals. These people doesn t have many rights, and their quality of life is very
bad. The group of people with the most rights and the best quality of life were the patricians. It
was late that night, when the match ended and resulted in many casualties. I was very sad to see
many people died, but my friend told me that the slaves had done something very bad. The
Colosseum was also used as a place for public executions. My friend and I said farewell to each
other before leaving the Colosseum. I walked all the way back home thinking about how wealth
can change the quality of life for a person. Sadly waiting for tomorrow, where I get to spend my
life trading

Plastic Surgery Is Not Always Evil
Is Plastic Surgery a helpful tool to modify your body in order to feel confident or just another
deadly weapon? Throughout the years, the word Perfect has caused a war between people and
their physical image causing them to make an outrageous decision of changing how they look and
feel, not only on the outside but also on the inside. They undergo many operations just to please
others. Just like a Ying Yang symbol; there s always bad in good, vice versus. Plastic surgery
is not
always evil. For example, a young girl had gotten in a tragic fire accident which left her with a
massive scar on her face and body, this is where Plastic Surgery would be a useful tool. It would
not only fix this girl s face but it would also bring happiness and not to be teased and stared at
everywhere she goes. Or if women were to successfully fought breast Cancer but was only left
with scars where her breast should be, this kind of operation would help this woman bring
confidence in who she was. These procedures with not only get rid of traumatizing scars but also
of horrible memories of how they got them. Walter Yeo, a British sailor during World War I, is
often cited as the first known person to have benefited from plastic surgery.
Walter sustained terrible facial injuries, including the loss of his upper and lower eyelids, while
manning the guns aboard the HMS Warspite in 1916 during the Battle of Jutland.
In 1917, he was treated by Sir Harold Gillies, the first man to use skin

Difference Of Architectural Professional Practice Between...
Difference in Architectural Professional Practice between U.S. and China
Proposed ARCH 590
Instructor: Selwyn Ting
Term: Summer 2015
Student: Congji Li
USC ID: 8617 9762 90
Introduction:
Since the past two decades, China had experienced continuous growth of economy and captured
attention yet announced slowing down by the public media in recent years, the attention from the
west Architectural professional practice is a relatively regional field in which architects conduct
their comprehensive manner in a specific localized territory.
Architectural professional practice is a relatively regional field in which architects conduct their
comprehensive manner in a specific localized territory. Due to the current fact that more and more
American architects practice in China, it is not an easy time for them to interact or communicate
with remote brains on the other side of earth. The different cultural and social backgrounds have
become the source of misunderstanding and problems in the process of cooperation, which may
lead to unfavorable consequences. As a Chinese architectural student who has studied in America
and worked in local projects for the U.S. architectural firm, I have experienced many differences
between the two sides. My instructor and professor in the Graduate School of Architecture,
University of Southern California, who has practical experience in China, once told me, It was
totally misunderstood when my Chinese client determined to give

Statue Of Zeus Greek
The Statue of Zeus at Olympia There are Seven Wonders of the World. The number seven was
chosen because the Greeks believed it represented perfection. Also because it was the number of
the five planets, plus the sun and the moon. The Statue of Zeus was a giant seated figure. The
technique used to build the statue is known as Chryselephantine. Chryselephantine is gold plated,
bronze, and ivory sections are attached to the wooden flame. The throne section of the statue is
made out of gold, ebony, ivory, and inlaid with precious stones. Carved into the chair were figures
of Greek gods and mystical animals (Olympia). The temple of Zeushoused the Statue of Zeus. It
was added to the temple around 435 B.C.E. Zeus was seated on a magnificent throne... Show more
The sculptor chosen for this great task was a man named Phidias. The figure of Zeus was seated
on an elaborate throne. His head nearly grazed the roof (Statue of Zeus). The statue was located
on the west coast of Greece at Olympia. The statue of Zeus is the biggest statue that Greeks have
never realized. The statue was crowned with a sculpted wreath of olive splays. The statue had gold
sandals (Statue of Zeus at Olympia). The seated Statue of Zeus itself was about forty three feet
(twelve meters) tall, twenty two feet (ten meters) wide

Formula Of A Hydrate Lab
Title Hydrated Crystals, Nic Turner, Mckinsey Bullock and Matthew Miller, Chemistry II, Mrs.
Shake, September 22, 2016. Introductory Paragraph In this lab, we tested how much water was
in a 3.00 gram amount of hydrated MgSO4 (Magnesium sulphate). MgSO4 is a salt; salts are
often associated with water being in their structure. This lab was conducted so that we would be
able to find the formula for the amount of water in the sample of magnesium sulphate. The goal
was find the formula of a hydrous substance if you are given two masses. State Problem /Purpose
The objectives of this lab were to heat a known mass of a hydrated compound until water is no
longer present in the substance; it was also to calculate the formula for a hydrate using

Kinnell And Heaney
The poems Blackberry picking by Seamus Heaney, and Blackberry Eating by Galway Kinnell are
both excellent depictions of the essence of the blackberries. Something beautiful can be said of
poems that were written about blackberries. The descriptive words poets use, can make a simple
fruit into something truly amazing. These poems all compare blackberries, making them seem like
more than they are. These two poems are dedicated to different seasons of blackberry picking,
describe the fruititself to be something different, and are written with different writing styles.
The first lines of both poems begin with a time. Blackberry picking takes place in late August.
Heaney described the weather needed for that time of year to find the perfect blackberries. He
told the reader, given heavy rain and sun for a full week, the blackberries would ripen. This is
very similar to what Kinnell is saying with the first lines of his poem, Blackberry Eating . His
poem begins, in late September among the fat, overripe, icy, black blackberries. The timing in both
poems is extremely similar in that the blackberries are just becoming ripe in late August, and over
the next month, grow to the perfect, overripe state. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Are they newly ripe, or too overripe and soft? These poems explain how differently blackberries
can be at different times throughout the season. Blackberry Eating compares the berries falling into
the person s mouth to works words falling from their mouths, certain peculiar words like strengths
and squinched. On the other hand, Blackberry picking compares blackberries to a thickened wine
that stains

How Did The North Win The Civil War
Weapons of the Civil War: Why Did The North Win? Battles have been fought since the dawn of
time. Weapons have gradually become more technological and sophisticated each and every time.
People learn from their mistakes, as did the Indians in the late 1700s, as well as the Confederate
troops from the Civil War. The Union was victorious in this war for freedom, and to this day, the
north is more the heart of the country s economy. Weapons have been around from the Neanderthals
of the post ice age, to the Taliban in Afghanistan. Rocks became knives, sticks became spears, and
bayonets became AK 47 s. The technology from the French and Indian War was revolutionized and
manufactured by the newly opened weaponry companies. Colt... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The cap and ball had two barrels, which held nine .40 caliber rounds on the upper barrel, and a
.63 caliber on the lower barrel, and came with the option of either an eighteen or twenty gauge
shot barrel. One model was even fitted with a full length barrel (Pikes 27 30). This greatly aided
the northern victory due to the enormous power it possessed over the confederate s figure eight
s. Riffles were another major contribution to the war, as far as weapons were concerned. The
union forces had One of the most popular riffles was the Model 1861 Springfield Musket. The
Springfield Musket weighed 9.25 pounds, had a twenty one inch socket bayonet, and fired a .58
caliber mine ball traveling 950 feet per second. Riffled Muskets, which were also known as
Enfields, were the second most popular riffles in the war. These Enfields, had a bore diameter of
.557 inches, and weighed nine pounds three ounces. They were accurate at 800 yards, and could
travel up to 1,100 yards without any difficulty. During the course of the war, 400,000 Enfields
were sold to the Union troops, whereas a mere 20,000 were purchased by the confederate army.
Although this weapons wasn t as popular as the Springfield, the Enfield still packed a powerful
punch at 1,100 yards (Ripley 43). The Remington production factories, located in New England,
began producing the Harper s Ferry Rifle in 1850.

Socrates Euthyphro Analysis
In the excerpts from Plato s dialogue, Socrates asks Euthyphro Is what is holy holy because the
gods approve it, or do they approve it because it is holy? (Socrates, pg. 52) . Socrates, seems to
want to learn the nature of holiness but produces a contradiction of the question what is holy when
Euthyphro responds with what is pleasing to the gods is holy, and what is not pleasing to them is
unholy (Euthyphro, pg. 52 . Socratestells Euthyphro Come, now, and let us scrutinize what we are
saying (Socrates, pg. 52) . Socrates begins to asks Euthyphro for definitions, clarifications, and
implications based on what has already been stated.
Socrates seems to generate more ideas into this discussion which is usually intended to generate a
conversation

The And Randomized Controlled Trials
The authors adhered to the PRISMA guidelines(16) in the preparation of this systematic
quantitative review. Randomized and quasi randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the
analgesic effects of adding SNB to FNB following TKA were reviewed and evaluated using a
predesigned protocol.
Literature search
Two of the authors (F.W.A. and R.B.) independently searched the US National Library of
Medicine database, MEDLINE; and the Medline In Process and Other Non Indexed Citations
databases; the ExcerptaMedica database, Embase; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; and
the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database. The databases were searched using
medical subject headings (MeSH), text words, and controlled vocabulary ... Show more content on
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Eligibility criteria
We retrieved full reports and abstracts of RCTs that examined the effects of single shot or catheter
based infusion proximal SNB (SNB group) compared to placebo, systemic analgesia, or general
anesthesia (Control group) on analgesic outcomes in patients undergoing unilateral TKA. Only
RCTs where FNB was administered in both groups were included; and RCTs examining surgical
anesthesia and/or postoperative analgesia were considered. We excluded studies if analgesic
outcomes (at least analgesic consumption or pain scores) were not reported; if distal SNB was
performed; if the analgesic effect of SNB could not be assessed in isolation from other concurrent
analgesic interventions, such as local anaesthetic wound infiltration, intra articular injection, or
epidural anesthesia; if surgeries involved anatomical areas other than the knee joint, such as the
ankle; if knee procedures did not involve arthroplasty, such as cruciate ligament repair; or, if
adjuvants other than epinephrine were added to local anaesthetics. Additionally, trials involving
non adult patients ( 18 years) were also excluded. Search was limited to RCTs published in English.
Selection of included studies
Two authors (F.W.A. and R.B.) independently evaluated the results of the literature search. The
decision on including qualifying studies in the review was taken by consensus between two of the
authors;

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