Martyrs of England and Wales in the Reformation.pptx
1. A history of the Martyrs of Britain in the Reformation
2.
3. These are a group of Catholic, lay and religious, men
and women, executed between 1535 and 1679 for
treason and related offences under various laws
enacted by Parliament during the English Reformation.
4.
5.
6.
7. Before King Henry VIII there were few martyr saints in Britain.
Englandâs saints tended to be bishops and scholars, monks and mystics,
such as St. Augustine of Canterbury, Venerable Bede,
8. St. Aelred of Rievaulx,
St. Anselm
St. Etheldreda. (Audrey)
11. The first wave of executions
came with the reign of King
Henry VIII and involved
persons who did not support
the 1534 Act of Supremacy
and dissolution of the
monasteries. Carthusian
John Houghton and
Bridgettine Richard
Reynolds died at this time.
12. In 1534, Henry VIII
declared himself
the Supreme Head
and Governor of
the Church of
England so that he
could remarry and
father a legitimate
male heir.
He demanded that
his loyal subjects
accept his new
position.
13.
14. Most complied with the Kings order. A heroic few did not, however,
and became the first Catholic martyrs of the English Reformation.
Among the most famous were Thomas More and John Fisher,
both beheaded in 1535 and canonized in 1935 by Pope Pius XI.
15. Thomas More had been Lord Chancellor of
England and one of Henryâs close advisers,
but he refused to approve the kingâs misdeeds.
16. John Fisher
stood alone as
the only bishop
in England who
opposed Henry,
offering counsel
to Queen
Catherine
of Aragon,
whom Henry
sought to
divorce.
17.
18. The Carthusian monks - these martyrs suffered torturous
deaths from 1535 to 1537. They were starved to death,
left to die of exposure, or hanged, drawn and quartered.
19. St Augustine
Webster d.1535
He was educated
at Cambridge and
was prior of the
Carthusian house of
Our Lady of Melwood
at Epworth, on the
Isle of Axholme,
North Lincolnshire
in 1531.
20. St John Houghton
was born c. 1486 and
educated at Cambridge.
He joined the London
Charterhouse in 1515.
In 1531, he became
abbot of the
Charterhouse
of Beauvale in
Nottinghamshire but
was then elected Prior
of the London house,
to which he returned
21. Robert Lawrence d.1535
St Robert Lawrence
served as prior of
the Charterhouse
at Beauvale,
Nottinghamshire
22. Two other martyrs, John Rochester and James Walworth, were hung
in chains from the walls of the city of York, dying of exposure.
23. John Davy and Robert Salt were sent to Newgate prison,
chained standing and left to die of starvation
25. On 19 June 1535, Sebastian Newdigate, William Exmew and
Humphrey Middlemore, monks of the Carthusian Order of London
Charterhouse, were hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn
26. St. Richard Reynolds 1492-1535
Richard was born in Devon in 1492 and educated
at Cambridge. In 1513, he entered the Brigettines
at Syon Abbey, Isleworth. When Henry VIII
demanded royal oaths, Richard was along with
the Carthusian priors who were hanged, drawn
and quartered at Tyburn Tree in London after
being dragged through the streets in 1535
27. St John Jones, a Welsh man - he entered the Observant Franciscan convent at Greenwich;
at its dissolution in 1559 he went to the Continent, and took his vows at Pontoise, France.
After many years, he journeyed to Rome, where he stayed at the Ara Coeli convent of the
Observants. There he joined the Roman province of the Reformati. In 1591, he returned
England. - In 1596 a notorious priest catcher called Topcliffe had him arrested and
imprisoned for nearly two years. During this time he met, and helped sustain in his faith,
John Rigby. On 3 July 1598 Father Jones was tried . At his execution, he spoke to the
crowd - that he was dying for his faith alone and had no political interest
28. St. John Stone d. 1539
was a doctor of theology living in
the Augustinian friary at Canterbury.
He publicly denounced the behaviour of
King Henry VIII from the pulpit of the Austin
Friars and stated his approval of the status
of monarchâs first marriage.
In 1538, in consequence of the Act of
Supremacy, Bishop Richard Ingworth
(a former Dominican, and by then Bishop
of Dover) visited the Canterbury friary as
part of the process of the dissolution of
monasteries in England. Ingworth
commanded all of the friars to sign a deed
of surrender by which the King should gain
possession of the friary and its surrounding
property. Most did, but John Stone refused
and even further denounced bishop
Ingworth for his compliance with the Kingâs
desires. He was executed at the Dane John
(Dungeon Hill), Canterbury, for his
opposition to the Kingâs wishes
29. St. Cuthbert Mayne 1543â77
Cuthbert was born at Yorkston,
near Barnstaple in Devon and
baptized on St Cuthbertâs day.
Cuthbertâs uncle was a priest
who favoured the new
doctrines expected Cutbert
would inherit his uncleâs
benefice. Educated at
Barnstaple Grammar School
and ordained a Protestant
minister at the age of eighteen
or nineteen he was installed as
rector of Huntshaw, near his
birthplace. There followed
university studies, first at St
Albanâs Hall, then at St Johnâs
College, Oxford, where he was
made chaplain. taking his BA
in 1566 and MA 1570.
30. Mayne made the acquaintance of Edmund Campion and became a Catholic. -
Mayne evaded arrest by going to Cornwall and from there went in 1573 to the
English College at Douai. Ordained a Catholic priest at Douai in 1575 he left for
the English mission with another priest, John Paine and took up residence with
Francis Tregian, a gentleman, of Golden, in St Probusâs parish, Cornwall.
31. He was imprisoned in Launceston gaol. The trial judge directed the jury to return
a verdict of guilty and he was sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered.
- Mayne was executed in the market place at Launceston on November 29, 1577.
33. In 1570 Pope Pius V, in support of various rebellions in
England and Ireland, excommunicated Queen Elizabeth,
absolving her Catholic subjects of their allegiance to her.
34. The Crown responded
with more rigorous
enforcement of
various penal laws
already enacted and
passed new ones.
The Treason Act 1571
made it high treason
to affirm that the
queen ought not to
enjoy the Crown,
or to declare her to
be a heretic.
35. The Jesuits, etc. Act 1584, was the statute under which most of the English
martyrs suffered. It was high treason for any Jesuit or any seminary priest
to be in England, and a felony for any person to harbour or aid them.
36. After Henryâs death, the
brief reigns of Edward VI
(1548-53) and then Mary I
(1554-8) brought about a
Calvinist reformation and
then a Catholic restoration.
37. Under Elizabeth I, (1559-1603) the Parliament legislated the
compromise Church of England, which claimed to be a via media
(âmiddle wayâ) of sorts between Calvinism and Lutheranism
38. Among the many Jesuits who suffered martyrdom were
Edmund Campion, Robert Southwell and Henry Walpole.
The three Jesuits endured exile during their studies on the
Continent, constant danger while serving Catholics in England,
and torture leading to brutal executions after their arrests
St. Edmund Campion
39. Edmund Campion 1540-81
Son of a Catholic bookseller named
Edmund whose family converted to
Anglicanism, he planned to enter his
fatherâs trade, but was awarded a
scholarship to Saint Johnâs College, Oxford
under the patronage of Queen Elizabeth Iâs
court favorite, Robert Dudley, Earl of
Leicester. A much sought-after speaker, he
was being spoken as a possible Archbishop
of Canterbury. Queen Elizabeth offered
him a deaconate in the Church of England,
but he declined the offer. Instead he went
to Ireland to take part in the proposed
establishment of the University of Dublin.
Here he enjoyed the protection of of Lord
Deputy Sir Henry Sidney and the friendship
of Sir Patrick Barnewell at Turvey. While in
Ireland he wrote a history of Ireland (first
published in Holinsheadâs Chronicles).
40. In 1571 he left Ireland secretly and went to
Douai where he was reconciled to the Catholic
Church and received the Eucharist that he
had denied himself for the previous 12 years.
He entered the English College founded by
William Allen, another Oxford religious
refugee. After obtaining his degree in
divinity, he walked as a pilgrim to Rome and
joined the Jesuits. Ordained in 1578, he spent
some time working in Prague and Vienna.
He returned to London as part of a Jesuit
mission, crossing the Channel disguised as
a jewel merchant, and worked with Jesuit
brother Nicholas Owen. He led a hunted life,
preaching and ministering to Catholics in
Berkshire, Oxfordshire, Northamptonshire,
and Lancashire. At this time also he wrote his
Decem Rationes (âTen Reasonsâ) against the
Anglican Church. Captured by a spy, Campion
was taken to London and committed to the Tower.
Hanged at Tyburn, drawn and quartered.
41. St Robert Southwell 1561-95
Robert was brought up in a family
of Catholic aristocrats in Norfolk and
educated at Douai. Moving to Paris, he
was placed under a Jesuit priest, Thomas
Darbyshire and after a two-year novitiate
spent mostly at Tournai, in 1580 he joined
the Society of Jesus. In spite of his youth
he was made prefect of studies in the
Venerable English College at Rome and
was ordained priest in 1584. - in 1589
became domestic chaplain to Ann
Howard, whose husband, the first earl
of Arundel, was in prison convicted of
treason. It was to him that Southwell
addressed his Epistle of Comfort. This and
his other religious tracts, A Short Rule of
Good Life, Triumphs over Death, Mary
Magdalenâs Tears and a Humble
Supplication to Queen Elizabeth,
were widely circulated
42. -After ministering successfully for six years, Southwell was arrested. He was
repeatedly tortured and badly treated so that he might give evidence about
other priests. - His imprisonment lasted for 3 years, during which period he was
tortured on ten occasions. In 1595 he was charged with treason, and removed
from the Tower to Newgate prison, where he was put in to a hole called Limbo.
43. -His only purpose,
he said, had been
to administer the
sacraments according to
the rite of the Catholic
Church to such as
desired them
-He confessed that he was
a Jesuit priest and prayed
for the salvation of the
queen and his country.
-He left some religiouse
tracts and poems.
44. St Alexander Briant 1556-81
Alexander was born in Somerset
about 1556 and at an early age
entered Hart Hall, Oxford, where
he met a Jesuit priest and became
a Catholic. He then went to the
English college at Reims and was
ordained priest there in 1578. He
returned to England and
ministered in in his home county of
Somersetshire. Arrested in 1581, he
was taken to London and tortured,
though in a letter to his Jesuit
companions he said he felt no
pain and wondered if this were
miraculous. He was barely twenty
five when he was executed
at Tyburn.
45. Among the laity were
three fearless women:
Margaret Clitherow,
Margaret Ward
and Anne Line
46. Margaret Clitherow (1556â86)
âthe Pearl of Yorkâ
She was born the daughter of
a Sheriff of York in Middleton.
She married John Clitherow, a
butcher, in 1571 (at the age of
15) and bore him two children.
She converted to Roman
Catholicism at the age of 18, in 1574.
-Her son, Henry, went to Reims
to train as a Catholic priest. She
regularly held Masses in her
home in the Shambles in York.
There was a secret tunnel
between her house and the
house next door, so that a priest
could escape if there was a raid.
-In 1586 she was arrested and
called before the York assizes
for the crime of harbouring
Roman Catholic priests.
47. Margaret Clitherow suffered a peculiar form of execution on March 25, 1586.
Refusing to enter any plea when accused of hiding priests â to protect her
family from having to testify against her â she was pressed to death.
48. Margaret Ward helped Father William Watson escape from prison,
smuggling in a rope that the priest accidentally left behind. The authorities
discovered what she had done and tortured Margaret to make her reveal
his whereabouts. She refused and was hung at Tyburn on Aug. 30, 1588
49. St Margaret Ward d. 1588 - she was born in
Cheshire and dwelt in the house of a lady of distinction
named Whitall then residing in London. Hearing that
the priest William Watson, was confined at Bridewell
Prison, she obtained permission to visit him. She was
thoroughly searched before and after early visits, but
gradually the authorities became less cautious, and she
managed to smuggle a rope into the prison.
Fr Watson escaped, but hurt himself in so doing, and
left the rope hanging from the window. The boatman
whom Ward had engaged to take him down the river
then refused to carry out the bargain. Ward, in her
distress, confided in another boatman, John Roche,
who undertook to assist her. He provided a boat, and
exchanged clothes with the priest. Fr. Watson got away,
but Roche was captured in his place, and Ward, having
been Fr Watsonâs only visitor, was also arrested.
Margaret Ward was kept in irons for eight days, was
hung up by the hands, and scourged, but absolutely
refused to disclose the priestâs whereabouts. At her
trial, she admitted to having helped Fr. Watson to
escape, and rejoiced in âhaving delivered an innocent
lamb from the hands of those bloody wolves.â She was
offered a pardon if she abjured her faith, but refused.
50. St Anne Line was executed Feb. 27, 1601. Her âcrimesâ:
Not only did she harbor a Catholic priest, but she also exclaimed
that she wished she could have saved a thousand more
51. St Ralph Sherwin 1550â81 - Ralph was born at Rodsley, Derbyshire, and was educated at Eton College.
In 1568, he was nominated by Sir William Petre to one of the eight fellowships which he had founded
at Exeter College, Oxford, probably influenced by Sherwinâs uncle, John Woodward, who from 1556 to
1566 had been rector of Ingatestone, Essex, where Petre lived. A talented classical scholar, Sherwin
graduated with MA in July 1574. The following year he converted to Roman Catholicism and fled
abroad to the English College at Douai, where he was ordained a priest by the Bishop of Cambrai
1577 and left for Rome and stayed at the English College, Rome for nearly three years.
52. On 18 April 1580, Sherwin and 13 companions left Rome for England. On 9 November 1580, he was arrested
while preaching in the house of Nicholas Roscarrock in London and imprisoned in the Marshalsea, where he
converted many fellow prisoners, and on 4 December was transferred to the Tower of London, where he was
tortured on the rack and then laid out in the snow. - He was convicted in Westminster Hall on 20 November
1581. Eleven days later he was drawn to Tyburn on a hurdle along with Alexander Briant, where he
was hanged, drawn and quartered. His last words were âJesu, Jesu, Jesu, esto mihi Jesus!â
53. St. Luke Kirby (1549-82) - Kirby received his MA probably at Cambridge, before being reconciled at
Louvain and entering Douai College in 1576. He was ordained a priest at Cambrai in September 1577 and
left Rheims for England on May 3, 1578; however, he returned on July 15th and went to Rome. There he
took the college oath at the English College, Rome in 1579. In June 1580, he was arrested on landing at
Dover, and committed to the Gatehouse, Westminster. On December 4th, he was transferred to the Tower,
where he was subjected to the âScavengerâs Daughterâ for more than an hour on December 9th. Kirby
was condemned on November 17, 1581, and from April 2nd until the day he died, he was put in irons.
54. St John Paine d. 1582 â
Paine was born at Peterborough,
England, and was possibly a
convert. In 1574, he departed
England for Douai, where he was
ordained in 1576. Immediately
afterwards he was sent back to
England with Cuthbert Mayne.
Arrested within a year and
then released he departed the
island but came back in 1579.
While staying in Warwickshire
he was arrested once more after
being denounced by John Eliot,
a known murderer who made a
career out of denouncing Catholics
and priests for bounty. Imprisoned
and tortured in the Tower of
London for nine months, he was
finally condemned to death and
hanged, drawn, and quartered
at Chelmsford.
55. St Eustace White 1560-91 - Born at Louth in Lincolnshire, his parents were Protestants, and his
conversion resulted in a curse from his father. Educated at Reims (1584) and at Rome (1586), where
he was ordained, he came on the mission in November, 1588, working in the west of England.
Betrayed at Blandford, Dorset, by a lawyer with whom he had conversed about religion. For two
days he held public discussion with a minister and greatly impressed the Protestants present.
56. He was then sent to London,
where for forty-six days he was
kept lying on straw with his hands
closely manacled. On 25 October
the Privy Council gave orders for
his examination under torture, and
on seven occasions he was kept
hanging by his manacled hands for
hours together; he also suffered
deprivation of food and clothing.
On 6 December together with
Edmund Gennings and Polydore
Plasden, priests, and Swithin Wells
and other laymen, he was tried
before the Kingâs Bench, and
condemned for coming into
England contrary to law.
With him suffered Polydore
Plasden and three laymen.
57. St. Edmund Jennings 1567-91
Edmund was a thoughtful, serious boy
from Lichfield, Staffordshire, naturally
inclined to matters of faith. At around
sixteen years of age he converted to
Catholicism. He went immediately to
the English College at Rheims where
he was ordained a priest in 1590, being
then only twenty-three years of age.
He immediately returned to the dangers
of England under the assumed name of
Ironmonger. His missionary career was
brief. He was seized by the notorious
priest catcher Richard Topcliffe and his
officers whilst in the act of saying Mass
in the house of Swithun Wells at Grayâs
Inn in London on 7 November 1591 and
was hanged, drawn and quartered
outside the same house on 10 December.
58. St Polydore Plasden 1563-91 alias Oliver Palmer - He was born in 1563, the son of a
London horner. Educated at Reims and at Rome, where he was ordained priest on
7 December, 1586. He remained at Rome for more than a year and then was at
Reims from 8 April till 2 September, 1588, when he was sent on the mission.
59. Captured on 8th November 1591 in London, at Swithin Wellsâs house in Grayâs Inn
Fields, where Edmund Gennings was celebrating Mass. At his execution he
acknowledged Elizabeth as his lawful queen, whom he would defend to the best of
his power against all her enemies, and he prayed for her and the whole realm, but
said that he would rather forfeit a thousand lives than deny or fight against his religion
60. St. Swithun Wells d. 1591 â
Wells was born at
Brambridge, Hampshire,
around 1536, and was for
many years schoolteacher
at Monkton Farleigh in
Wiltshire. During this
period, he attended
Protestant services,
but in 1583, was reconciled
to the Catholic Church.
In 1585 he went to London,
where he took a house
in Grayâs Inn Lane.
61. -In 1591, Saint Edmund Jennings
was saying Mass at Wellsâs house,
when the well-known priest-hunter
Richard Topcliffe burst in
with his officers.
Mrs. Wells was arrested along with
Gennings, another priest, Saint
Polydore Plasden, and three
laymen, John Mason, Sidney
Hodgson, and Brian Lacey.
Wellls was sentenced to die
by hanging, and was executed
outside his own house on 10
December 1591, just after
Saint Edmund Gennings.
62. St John Boste 1544-94 â He was born in
Westmoreland around 1544. He studied at
Queenâs College, Oxford where he became a
Fellow. He converted to Catholicism in 1576.
He left England and was ordained a priest at
Reims in 1581, before returning as an active
missionary priest to Northern England.
-He was betrayed to the authorities near
Durham in 1593. Following his arrest he was
taken to the Tower of London for interrogation.
Returned to Durham he was condemned and
executed at nearby Dryburn on 24 July 1594.
63. St Henry Walpole 1558-95
Henry was born at Docking,
Norfolk, in 1558 and was
educated at Norwich School,
Peterhouse, Cambridge, and
Grayâs Inn. Converted to Roman
Catholicism by the death of Saint
Edmund Campion, he went by
way of Rouen and Paris to
Reims, where he arrived in 1582.
In 1583 he was admitted into
the English College, Rome. On
2 February 1584, he became a
probationer of the Society of
Jesus and soon after went to
France, where he continued
his studies, chiefly at Pont-Ă -
Mousson. He was ordained
priest at Paris, 17 Dec 1588
64. After acting as chaplain to the
Spanish forces in the Netherlands,
suffering imprisonment by the
English at Flushing in 1589, and
being moved about to Brussels,
Tournai, Bruges and Spain, he was
at last sent on mission to England
in 1590. He was arrested shortly
after landing at Flamborough for
the crime of Catholic priesthood,
and imprisoned at York.
The following February he was
sent to the Tower, where he was
frequently and severely racked.
He remained there until, in the
spring of 1595, he was sent back
to York for trial, where he was
hanged, drawn and quartered
on 7 April 1595
65. St Philip Howard 1557-95
Eldest son of the fourth Duke
of Norfolk (himself executed
for treason in 1572) who led
a dissolute existence and left
behind an unhappy wife in
Arundel Castle until he was
converted by the preaching
of St. Edmund Campion.
- Born in Strand, London, he
was the eldest son of Thomas
Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk
and Lady Mary FitzAlan,
daughter of Henry FitzAlan,
19th Earl of Arundel.
-He was baptized at Whitehall
Palace with the Royal Family
in attendance, and was
named after his godfather,
King Philip II of Spain.
66. At the age of 14, he was
married to his foster sister,
Anne Dacre.
He succeeded to his motherâs
heritage upon the death of his
grandfather, becoming Earl of
Arundel in 1580. Arundel,
and much of his family,
became Catholic
They also attempted to leave
England without permission. -
While some might be able to
do this quietly, Arundel was
second cousin of the Queen. -
He was committed to the
Tower of London on 25 April
1585. He spent ten years in
the Tower, until his death
of dysentery.
67. He was buried without ceremony
beneath the floor of the church of St.
Peter ad Vincula, inside the walls of the
Tower. Twenty nine years later,
his widow and son obtained permission
from King James I of England to move the
body to the chapel of Arundel Castle.
His tomb remains a site of pilgrimage.
68. St John Rigby 1570-1600 â
John was born at Chorley, Lancashire,
the fifth son of Nicholas and Mary
Rigby. Working for Sir Edmund
Huddleston, whose daughter Mrs.
Fortescue was summoned to the Old
Bailey for recusancy, because she was
ill, he decided to appear himself for her;
he was compelled to confess his own
Catholicism and was sent to Newgate.
The next day, February 14, 1600, he
signed a confession saying that since
he had been reconciled by John Jones,
a Franciscan, he had not attended
church. He was chained and sent back
to Newgate, until he was transferred
to the White Lion.
Twice he was given the chance to
repent; twice he refused. Rigby was
executed by hanging at St. Thomas
Waterings on June 21, 1600.
-John Jones, the priest who had
reconciled Rigby, had suffered
on the same spot July 12, 1598.
70. Elizabeth I and her
Stuart successor,
James I, (1604-25)
instituted laws
against recusancy
â that is, the
refusal to comply
with or conform to
the state church
72. The state
regarded nearly
all Catholics
(especially
Jesuits) as
probable
traitors,
involved in plots
to overthrow
the monarch
73. 10 Jesuits:
Alexander Briant 1556-81,
Edmund Campion 1540-81,
Robert Southwell 1561-95
Henry Walpole 1558-95,
Nicholas Owen 1540-1606,
Thomas Garnet 1575-1608
Edmund Arrowsmith 1585â1628,
Henry Morse 1595-1644,
Philip Evans 1645-79
David Lewis 1616-79
74. 13 Priests of the Secular Clergy:
Cuthbert Mayne 1543â77,
Ralph Sherwin 1558-81,
Luke Kirby 1549-82
John Paine d. 1582,
John Almond d. 1585,
Polydore Plasden d. 1591
Eustace White 1560-91,
Edmund Gennings 1567-91,
John Boste 1544-94
John Southworth 1592-1654,
John Kemble 1599-1679,
John Lloyd d. 1679
John Plessington d. 1679
75. Nicholas Owen 1550-1606
Born around 1550 into a devout Catholic
family, Nicholas became a carpenter by
trade, and for several years during the
reign of Elizabeth I built hiding-places for
priests in the homes of Catholic families.
He frequently travelled from house to
house under the name of âLittle Johnâ,
accepting food as payment before
starting off for a new project.
Only slightly taller than a dwarf and
suffering from a hernia, his work often
involved breaking through stone, and,
to minimize the chances of betrayal, he
always worked alone. For some years,
Owen worked in the service of Jesuit
priests John Gerard and Henry Garnet.
Through them he was admitted into
the Society of Jesus as a lay brother.
76. He was first arrested in 1582 after
the execution of Edmund Campion,
for declaring Campionâs innocence,
but later released. He was arrested
again in 1594, and was tortured, but
revealed nothing. He was released
when a wealthy Catholic paid a fine
on his behalf, the jailers believing
that he was merely an insignificant
friend of some priests.
Early in 1606, Owen was arrested
again in Worcestershire, giving
himself up voluntarily in order to
distract attention from priests who
were hiding nearby. Under English
law, he was exempt from torture,
as he had been maimed a few years
previously, when a horse fell on him.
Nevertheless, he was racked until
he died, having betrayed nothing.
77. St John Roberts, a Benedictine â
1575-1606 - John was born in 1575
the son of John and Anna Roberts
of Trawsfynydd, Merionethshire,
Wales. He matriculated at St.
Johnâs College, Oxford, in February
1595 but left after two years
without taking a degree and went
as a law student at one of the Inns
of Court. In 1598 he travelled on
the continent and in Paris. He
entered the English College at
Valladolid in 1598. Once ordained
a priest he travelled to Britain, but
was arrested and exiled several times
He reached Douai on 24, May, 1602 and soon returned to England where he
ministered among the plague-stricken people in London. He was captured on 2nd
December 1610 just as he was concluding Mass. Taken to Newgate in his vestments,
he was tried and found guilty under the Act forbidding priests to minister in England,
and on 10th December was hanged, drawn, and quartered at Tyburn
78. St Thomas Garnet 1575-1608
He was born at Southwark
1575 into a prominent family.
His uncle, Henry Garnet,
was the Superior of all
the Jesuits in England.
His father Richard was
at Balliol College, Oxford.
-Thomas attended school at
Horsham and at 17 was among
the first students of Saint
Omerâs Jesuit College in 1592.
In 1595 he was on his way
to study theology at
Saint Albans, Valladolid.
79. Ordained at 24 in 1599
he returned to England.
Implicated in the
gunpowder plot, he was
imprisoned first in the
Gatehouse, then in the
Tower, where he was
tortured in order to make
him give evidence against
Henry Garnet, his famous
uncle, Superior of the
English Jesuits, who had
recently admitted him into
the Society of Jesus. He
was deported to Flanders
with 46 other priests.
80. Thomas now went to Saint Omer
and then to Brussels to see the
Superior of the Jesuits, Father
Baldwin, who sent him to the
English Jesuit novitiate, Saint
Johnâs, Louvain, where he was
the first novice to be received.
In September 1607 he was sent
back to England, but was arrested
six weeks later by an apostate
priest called Rouse.
This was the time of King Jamesâ
controversy with Cardinal
Bellarmine about the
Oath of Allegiance.
Garnet was offered his life if he
would take the oath, but he
refused, and was executed at 32
at Tyburn, protesting that he was
âthe happiest man alive this dayâ.
81. John Almond d. 1612 - A native of Allerton, England,
he was educated in Ireland and then at Reims and in
Rome. After his ordination in 1598, he returned to
England as a missionary, and was arrested in 1602. John
was imprisoned in 1608 for a time and arrested again in
1612. He was hanged, drawn, and quartered at Tyburn.
82. St Edmund Arrowsmith
1585â1628
The son of Robert Arrowsmith,
a farmer, he was born at
Haydock in 1585. - The family
was constantly harassed for its
adherence to Catholicism, and
in 1605 Edmund left England and
went to Douai to study for the
priesthood. He was forced to quit
due to ill health. He was ordained
in 1611 and sent on the English
mission the following year.
He ministered to the Catholics
of Lancashire without incident
until about 1622, when he was
arrested and questioned by the
Protestant bishop of Chester.
83. Edmund was released
when King James I
ordered all arrested
priests be freed, joined
the Jesuits in 1624 and in
1628 was arrested when
betrayed by a young man,
the son of the landlord
of the Blue Anchor Inn in
south Lancashire, whom
he had censured for an
incestuous marriage.
He was convicted of
being a Catholic priest,
sentenced to death,
and hanged, drawn and
quartered at Lancaster
on August 28th 1628
84. Sent to England on mission in
South Lancashire, he lived with
protecting families near
Manchester. But he was pursued
for proselytising, imprisoned five
times and released, but was
finally arrested on Easter Sunday
1641. Paraded at the head of his
parishoners, dressed in his
surplice, and was followed by
some 400 men armed with clubs
and swords, he could have
escaped in the confusion, but he
voluntarily gave himself up.
Imprisoned in Lancaster Castle
for four months, he was
sentenced after confessing to
being a Catholic priest. On Friday
September 10 he was hanged,
drawn and quartered at
Lancaster on 10th September
1641. Many of his relics are
preserved, a hand being at
Stanbrook Abbey near Worcester
and his skull in Wardley Hall
St Ambrose Barlow 1585-1641 - Born at Handforth Hall, Cheshire.
Until 1607 he converted from the Anglican to the catholic church.
He was educated at the Benedictine monastery of St. Gregory in
Douai, France, and entered the English College in Valladolid, Spain,
in 1610. He later returned to Douai where his elder brother
(William) Rudesind Barlow was a professed monk. Barlow also
professed in 1614 and was ordained a priest in 1617.
85. St Alban Roe 1582-1642
Born 1583 in Bury, St Edmunds, Suffolk.
After meeting an imprisoned Catholic
recusant, he converted to Catholicism.
He spent some time at the English
College at Douai in northern France,
but was expelled for insubordination.
He spent the rest of his novitiate at the
Abbey of St. Lawrence, Dieulouard, a
newly opened Benedictine house near
Nancy â the home of Benedictine monks
fleeing persecution in England. He was
ordained priest there in 1612. Sent back
to England, he was banished in 1615 but
returned in 1618 and was imprisoned
until 1623, when his release and re-exile
was organised by the Spanish
Ambassador. He returned two years
later for the last time and was
imprisoned for seventeen years.
He was hanged, drawn and quartered
at Tyburn on the 21st of January 1642.
86. St Henry Morse 1595-1644 - Born in Norfolk. He began studies at Cambridge and took up the
study of law at Barnardâs Inn, London; He went to Douai where he was received into the
Catholic church in 1614. After various journeys reached Rome where he was ordained in 1623.
87. St Henry Morse
1595-1644
After various journeys
reached Rome where he
was ordained in 1623.
Before leaving Rome he
met the Superior General
of the Jesuits with a view
to joining the order and
left for England in 1624.
88. He was admitted to the Society of Jesus at Heaton shortly arriving in
England, but almost immediately was arrested and imprisoned for
three years in York Castle, where he made his novitiate under his
fellow prisoner, Father John Robinson SJ, and took simple vows.
89. He was released on bail and went voluntarily into exile, 1641, and again became chaplain to
English regiment in the service of Spain in Flanders.
90. In 1643 he returned to England but was arrested after about a year and a half and imprisoned at
Durham and Newcastle, and sent by sea to London. On 30th January he was again brought to the
bar and condemned on his previous conviction. On the day of his execution his cart was drawn by
four horses and the French ambassador attended with all his suite, as did the Count of Egmont and
the Portuguese Ambassador. The martyr was allowed to hang until he was dead. In 1647 many
persons possessed by evil spirits were relieved through the application of his relics.
92. St John Southworth 1592-1654 â He studied at the English College in Douai, northern
France, and was ordained priest before he returned to England. Imprisoned and sentenced to
death for professing the Catholic faith, he was later deported to France. Once more he
returned to England and lived in Clerkenwell, London, during a plague epidemic. He assisted
and converted the sick in Westminster and was arrested again. He was brought to the Old
Bailey, he was condemned for exercising the priesthood and executed at Tyburn Gallows
(hanged, drawn and quartered). His remains are now kept at Westminster Cathedral London.
93. During the reign of Charles I, the catholics suffered in fewer numbers and
during the so-called Interregnum, when Parliament and then afterwards,
Oliver Cromwell ruled England when the English Civil War ended in 1649.
94. Cromwell took his âModel Armyâ to Ireland to punish Catholic rebels,
massacring priests in the siege of Drogheda and executing those who
remained in Ireland. Catholics in England were relatively at peace during
the Interregnum before the restoration of the Stuart dynasty in 1660
96. The so-called âPopish Plotâ, a fiction spread by the
notorious perjurer Titus Oates, accused Catholics
of a conspiracy to assassinate King Charles II.
97. In 1679, laymen Edward
Coleman and Thomas
Pickering, fell victim to
Oatesâ perjury and fraud.
98. St John Wall d. 1679 - Franciscan
Born in Preston, Lancashire, 1620, he was sent
at a young age to Douai College. He entered
the Roman College in 1641 and was ordained
in 1645. Sent on mission in 1648, he received
the habit of St. Francis at St. Bonaventureâs
Friary, Douai in 1651 and a year later was
professed, taking the name of Joachim of St.
Anne. He filled the offices of vicar and novice
master at Douai until 1656, when he returned
to the Mission, and for twenty years
ministered in Worcestershire. Captured
in December 1678 at Rushock Court
near Bromsgrove.
Sent on to London, he was four times
examined by Oates, Bedloe, and others.
Brought back to Worcester, he was executed
at Redhill on 22 August 1679. The day
previous, William Levison was enabled to
confess and communicate him, and at the
moment of execution the same priest gave
him the last absolution. His quartered body
was given to his friends, and was buried
in St. Oswaldâs churchyard.
99. St David Lewis 1616-79 -born in Abergavenny, Monmouthshire, in 1616. His father
Morgan Lewis had become a Protestant. His mother, Margaret Prichard, was Catholic,
however, and all but one of their nine children were raised Catholics except David himself.
After attending the Royal Grammar School at Abergavenny, David, then aged 16,
was sent to London to study law at the Middle Temple. Three years later he lost interest
in the legal profession and went to France as tutor of the son of one Count Savage.
100. Probably he was reconciled
to the Catholic Church while
living in Paris. He then went
back to Wales for a couple
of years, but in 1638 he set
out for Rome to study for
the priesthood at the
Venerable English College.
Ordained a secular priest in
1642, he entered the Jesuits
two years later. The Jesuit
superiors sent him as a
missionary to Wales in 1646
but recalled him soon
afterward to be spiritual
director of the English
College. - In 1648 he was
sent back to Wales, and
there he was to remain for
the next thirty years.
101. When discovered he was
imprisoned in Monmouth
for two months.
Tried in March 1679 he
was condemned but was
then sent to London to
be examined by the Privy
Council on the Titus Oates
Plot. Offered his freedom
if he became an
Anglican, he declined.
He was brought back to
Usk in Monmouthshire
where he was hanged
on August 27, 1679.
102. St Philip Evans 1645-79 - Born in Monmouth 1645 and educated at St Omer
where he joined the Society of Jesus in 1665. He was ordained at Liege in
1675 and sent to South Wales where he ministered until in 1678 he was
caught up in the collective that surrounded the so-called Titus Oates Plot.
103. He was arrested at Sker in
Glamorganshire, 4 December
1678. He refused the oath
and was confined alone in
an underground dungeon
in Cardiff Castle.
Two or three weeks
afterwards he was joined by
John Lloyd, a secular priest,
who had been taken at
Penlline in Glamorgan
104. After five months the two
prisoners were brought up
for trial at the shire-hall in
Cardiff, charged not with
complicity in the plot but
as priests who had come
unlawfully into the realm.
The execution took place
on Gallows Field, Cardiff).
Philip died first, after having
addressed the people in
Welsh and English, and
saying âAdieu, Mr Lloyd,
though for a little time, for
we shall shortly meet again.
105. St. John Plesington d. 1679-
Born at Dimples Hall near
Garstang, Lancashire, the son
of a Royalist Catholic, John was
educated at Saint Omerâs in
France and the English college
at Valladolid, Spain. He was
ordained in Segovia in 1662.
Returning to England the
following year, he worked in the
area of Cheshire. In 1670, Father
John became the tutor of the
children of a Mr. Massey at
Puddington Hall near Chester.
He was arrested and charged
with participating in the âPopish
Plotâ to murder King Charles II.
Father John was found guilty
and hanged at Boughton near
Chester on July 19, 1679.
106. St John Kemble 1599-1679 - Born in 1599, in Herefordshire into a prominent
local Catholic family. He had four brothers priests. Kemble was ordained a priest
at Douai College, on 23 February 1625. He returned to England on
4 June 1625 as a missioner in Monmouthshire and Herefordshire. -
107. He was arrested by a Captain John Scudamore of Kentchurch. It is a comment on the tangled
loyalties of the age that Scudamoreâs own wife and children were parishioners of Father
Kemble. - Father Kemble, now 80, was taken on the arduous journey to London to be
interviewed about the plot. - One of the martyrâs hands is preserved at St. Francis Xavier,
Hereford. His body rests in the (Church of England) churchyard of St Maryâs, Welsh Newton,
and local Roman Catholics make an annual pilgrimage to his grave. Miracles were soon
attributed to the saintly priest. Scudamoreâs daughter was cured of throat cancer, while
Scudamoreâs wife recovered her hearing whilst praying at the Kembleâs grave.
108. St John Lloyd d. 1679 â
He was a Breconshire man
who had taken the
missionary oath at
Valladolid in 1649 and was
sent to minister in his own
country and was arrested
during the Oatesâ scare at
Penlline in Glamorgan.
Along with Philip Evans
he was brought to trial in
Cardiff on Monday, 5 May
1679. - They were charged
with being priests and
coming into the principality
of Wales contrary to the
provisions of the law.
â The executions took
place in Gallows Field,
Cardiff on 22nd July 1679.
109. So also two Jesuits Thomas Whitbread and
Anthony Turner were executed at Tyburn 1680
110. St Oliver Plunkett, the Irish bishop of Armagh, was brought to London
for a manifestly unfair trial and condemned to death. On July 11,
1681, he became the last Catholic priest to be executed at Tyburn
111. St Richard Gwyn 1537â84 - He was born in Montgomeryshire, Wales. At the age of 20 he
matriculated at Oxford University. He then went to Cambridge University, where he lived
on the charity of St Johnâs College and its master, the Roman Catholic Dr. George Bulloch.
He returned to Wales and became a teacher, continuing his studies on his own. He married
Catherine; they had six children, three of whom survived him. His adherence to the old faith
was noted by the Bishop of Chester, who brought pressure on him to conform to the Anglican
faith. - Gwyn often had to change his home and his school to avoid fines and imprisonment.
112. in 1579 he was arrested by the
Vicar of Wrexham, a former
Catholic who had conformed
to the new faith. He escaped and
remained a fugitive for a year and
a half, was recaptured, and spent
the next four years in one prison
after another until his execution.
In May 1581 Gwyn was taken to
church in Wrexham. He was placed
in the stocks and was fined ÂŁ280
for refusing to attend Anglican
church services, and another
ÂŁ140 for âbrawlingâ when
they took him there.
Gwyn was tortured often in prison,
largely with the use of manacles.
However, his adherence to the
Catholic faith never wavered.
113. Richard Gwyn, John Hughes and Robert Morris were indicted for high treason
in 1583 and were brought to trial. - Gwyn was condemned to death by hanging,
drawing and quartering. This sentence was carried out in the Beast Market
in Wrexham on 15 October 1584. -Relics of Richard Gwyn are to be found
in the Cathedral Church of Our Lady of Sorrows, Wrexham.
114. In some ways, the 18th-century Enlightenment era that followed was the lowest point for
Catholics in England. Looking back on the previous two centuries, they recalled all that
their ancestors had endured, even as they found themselves weakened and ostracized
115. For centuries, Catholics in England were subject to discriminatory laws of various
kinds that kept them from full participation in economic, civil and social life.
In 1778 and 1791, Parliament passed the âRelief Actsâ allowing Catholics
to practice their faith more freely, own and inherit land,
and join the army (which needed soldiers).
116. Finally, in 1829, the Catholic Emancipation
Act removed all the restrictions on voting
and holding office that had encumbered
Catholics for more than 200 years
Daniel OâConnell
117. In 1845 - Newman a
minister in the church of
England, converted and
joined the Catholic Church
â shocking his family and
Oxford friends â and soon
became an Oratorian
priest. He wrote great
works of theology,
philosophy, literature and
apologetics; founded
oratories, schools and a
Catholic university
118. Newman remind us of the many martyrs of Britain and Ireland â men
and women, priests and laypeople â who, long before him, through
their deaths, bore heroic witness to Our Lord and His Church
119. In 1970, Pope Paul VI canonized a group
of Forty Martyrs of England and Wales;
120. in 1987, Pope John
Paul II beatified
another group of
Eighty-Five Martyrs
of England,
Scotland and Wales.
Additional
Reformation
martyrs from
Britain have been
canonized
separately
121. The martyrs
Saint John Almond
Saint Edmund Arrowsmith
Saint Ambrose Barlow
Saint John Boste
Saint Alexander Briant
Saint Edmund Campion
Saint Margaret Clitherow
Saint Philip Evans
Saint Thomas Garnet
Saint Edmund Gennings
Saint Richard Gwyn
Saint John Houghton
Saint Philip Howard
Saint John Jones
Saint John Kemble
Saint Luke Kirby
Saint Robert Lawrence
Saint David Lewis
Saint Anne Line
Saint John Lloyd
Saint Cuthbert Mayne
Saint Henry Morse
Saint Nicholas Owen
Saint John Payne
Saint Polydore Plasden
Saint John Plessington
Saint Richard Reynolds
Saint John Rigby
Saint John Roberts
Saint Alban Roe
Saint Ralph Sherwin
Saint Robert Southwell
Saint John Southworth
Saint John Stone
Saint John Wall
Saint Henry Walpole
Saint Margaret Ward
Saint Augustine Webster
Saint Swithun Wells
Saint Eustace White
122. In England, these martyrs were formerly commemorated within the Catholic
Church by a feast day on 25 October, which is also the feast of Saints Crispin
and Crispinian, but they are now celebrated together with all the 284
canonized or beatified martyrs of the English Reformation on 4 May
123. In Wales, the Catholic
Church keeps 25
October as the feast of
the Six Welsh Martyrs
and their companions.
The Welsh Martyrs are
the priests Philip Evans
and John Lloyd,
John Jones,
David Lewis,
John Roberts, and the
teacher Richard Gwyn
124.
125. COMMENTARY
The reformation in Britain divided
the Christian church.
It was unfortunately a time of division,
hostility, aggression and violence on all
sides, contrary to the express wish
of our Lord Jesus Christ that we should
be one and live in charity and service.
Over time much healing has been
achieved, and all sides have sought
to recuperate cherished unity,
in faith, hope and charity.
We lament the sins of the past, but
more importantly make the most of the
present to build bridges, not walls, and
ask the blessing of full unity in the
future in the Spirit of Christ.
126. LIST OF PRESENTATIONS IN ENGLISH
CHRIST
Resurrection â according to the gospels
Christ the King
Christ lives
Body of Christ - Corpus Christi 1,2,3,4
Christ and his Kingdom
Sacred Heart 1 + 2 â bible and doctrine â
Haurietis aquas â the cult of the Sacred Heart
Vocation to beatitude
Vocation to evangelize with Christ
CHURCH
Divine Revelation
Priestly Ministry
Human Community
Church, Mother and Teacher
Signs of hope
youth synod
CULTURE and HISTORY
Columbus and the discovery of America
Confraternities and processionsâ Hispanic
Diwali â Festival of lights â Hindi feast
Football in Spain
President Trump
Russian Revolution and Communism 1, 2, 3
Sevilla's fair
Virgen del Pilar and Hispanicity
FAMILY, CHILDREN
Grandparents
Love and Marriage 1,2,3 â 4,5,6 â 7,8,9
Dignity of women â John Paul II
God of Love (sex)
World Meeting of Families Rome 2022 â festival of families
Familiaris Consortium 1,2,3,4
GOD
Angels
Come Holy Spirit
God is Love 1,2â Benedict XVI
Man, image of God
Trinity
LITURGICAL YEAR
Advent and Christmas, 1 + 2
All departed souls
All Saints â Halloween for Christians
Carnival and Lent
Christmas â the birth of our Lord
Holy Week for adults
Holy Week for children 8+ years
Holy Week - drawings for children
Holy Week â Views of the last hours of JC â the passion
Sunday â Lord's Day â JP2
Thanksgiving
POPE FRANCIS â TRAVEL
Pope Francis in Africa
Pope Francis in America
Pope Francis in Bahrain 1+ 2
Pope Francis in Brazil WYD 2013
Pope Francis in Bulgaria and Macedonia
Pope Francis in Canada 1,2,3
Pope Francis in Central African Republic
Pope Francis in Chile 1 + 2
Pope Francis in Cyprus
Pope Francis in Colombia 1 + 2
Pope Francis in Congo 1+ 2
Pope Francis in Cuba 2015
Pope Francis in Egype
Pope Francis in Slovakia 1 + 2
Pope Francis in Europe â parliament
Pope Francis in Fatima
Pope Francis in Greece
Pope Francis in Holy Land,
- Israel, Palestine Jordan
Pope Francis in Hungary 2021 + 2023
Pope Francis in Iraq 1,2,3
Pope Francis in Ireland
â world meeting of families
Pope Francis in Kenya
Pope Francis in Japan
Pope Francis in Kazakhstan 1+ 2
Pope Francis in Malta
Pope Francis in Mexico
Pope Francis in Mexico 2016
Pope Francis in Mongolia
Pope Francis in Morocco
Pope Francis in Panama â WYD 2019
Pope Francis in Peru
Pope Francis in Poland - Auschwitz
Pope Francis in Poland WYD 2016
Pope Francis in Portugal 2021 + WYD 2023
Pope Francis in Romania
Pope Francis in Sudan
Pope francis in Sweden
Pope Francis in Thailand
Pope Francis in Uganda
Pope Francis in United Arab Emirates
MARIA
Fatima â History of the Apparitions of the Virgin
Mary and the Bible
Mary Doctrine and Dogmas
Medjugore pilgrimage
Virgin of Guadalupe, Mexico â apparitions
Virgen de Pilar â Hispanic festival
Our Lady of Sheshan, China
SCIENCE
Mars Rover Perseverence â Spanish
Juno explores Jupiter
Parker Solar Test
MORAL AND ETHICAL
Christian holidays - JP2
Conscience, human community,
human freedom and salvation
justification and grace, Life in Christ, merit and holiness
moral law, Morality of human acts, Passions, Sin, Sincerity
social justice, Social Life â participation, Virtue, vice
United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Human Dignity â declaration of dicastery for doctrine of faith
Vocation â www.vocation.org
Vocation to evangelize
Vocation to beatitude
Pope John XXIII â Peace on Earth
Pope Paul VI
Pope Juan Pablo II â
Redeemer of man,
Karol Wojtyla + Pontificado 1+2
Pope Benedict XVII - in Germany WYD 2005
POPE FRANCIS â DOCUMENTS
love and marriage - Amoris Laetitia â 1.2 â 3.4 â
5.6
Christ lives - 1,2,3 â 4,5,6 â 7,8,9
Evangelii Gaudium 1,2,3,4,5
Gaudete et Exultate 1,2,3,4,5
FRATELLI TUTTI - 1,2 â 3,4,5 â 6,7,8
LAUDATE Sii
1 â care of the common home
2 â gospel of creation
3 â The root of the ecological crisis
4 â integral ecology
5 â lines of action
6 â Ecological Education and Spirituality
LAUDATE DEUM
LUMEN FIDEI â chapter 1,2, - 3,4
Misericordiae Vultus in Spanish â Face of Mercy
Dear Amazonia 1,2,3,4