Observations of Telecom over the last 40 years
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•5 views
David Steen presentation at Abat Oliba University about the evolution of the telecom technology and the telecom industry. VII Society of Communications Technology Consultants International conference at Barcelona during MWC24
Recommended
More Related Content
Similar to Observations of Telecom over the last 40 years
Similar to Observations of Telecom over the last 40 years (20)
More from Agustin Argelich Casals
More from Agustin Argelich Casals (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Observations of Telecom over the last 40 years
- 1. Observations of Telecom over the last 40 years Presented by David Steen
- 2. Teleplus® Consulting David Steen steen@teleplusconsulting.com Direct: 952-829-1050 Mobile: 612-860-9264
- 3. CHANGE
- 4. Divestiture 1984 AT&T is split into 7 regional Bell operating companies • NYNEX • Pacific Telesis • Ameritech • Bell Atlantic • Southwestern Bell • BellSouth • US West AT&T still controls local and long distance telephone service. https://technologizer.com/2011/03/20/att-
- 5. Divestiture
- 6. Divestiture
- 7. Divestiture
- 8. Divestiture
- 9. Divestiture
- 10. Divestiture
- 11. Divestiture
- 12. Divestiture
- 13. Divestiture
- 14. Divestiture
- 15. Divestiture
- 16. Divestiture
- 17. Divestiture
- 18. Divestiture
- 19. Divestiture
- 20. Divestiture
- 21. Divestiture
- 22. Divestiture
- 23. Divestiture
- 24. Long Distance •AT&T •MCI •GTE Sprint •Satellite Business Systems https://historyofcomputercommunications.info/section/13.1/AT&T-and- the-T-1-Tariffs-1982-1984/
- 25. Long Distance In 1982, AT&T filed for, and received, tariffs to lease digital data transport services under the High Capacity Terrestrial Digital Facility or Tariff No. 270. AT&T had finally decided to make available to its corporate customers a technology that it had been using internally since 1962 and had been making available to the Defense Department since 1957. 1 To much of the world this decision came as a surprise. But for those in the know, it was inevitable, both because of the overwhelming economics of digital transmission as well as the pressures of market competition. The basic digital transmission carrier or circuit, known as T-1 (or T1), transmits 1.544 megabits per second (Mbit/s). Channel banks, also called channel service units, interleaved twenty-four 64 thousand bit per second (Kbit/s) sub-channels into the T-1 circuit. The 64 Kbit/s sub-channel, or DS-0 channel, was the then standard voice grade channel; also equivalent to the 56-Kbit/s data circuit with its additional 8-Kbit/s of overhead signaling per channel.2 (See Exhibit 11.0 T-1 Circuit with Channel Banks.) In time, improvements in voice compression would reduce the number of bits required to transmit voice to 8 Kbit/s, thus making it possible to transmit 192 traditional analog voice circuits over one T-1 circuit.3 The effect was to dramatically increase the bandwidth of the existing telephone network – after the investment transforming the analog circuits to digital – and to dramatically reduce the costs of telecommunications. In January 1984, immediately post-divestiture, AT&T began actively marketing T-1 services under the product name Accunet T1.5.4
- 26. Long Distance In 1982, when AT&T received Tariff No. 270, digital transmission was a proven technology and available from a growing number of competitors. First there were the Other Common Carriers (OCCs), such as MCI and Sprint, who were aggressively marketing the advantages of T-1 to corporate customers in hopes of taking market share from AT&T. Since they were still building out their networks, they could employ digital technologies immediately, giving them the attacker’s advantage. Second, microwave technologies were making it easy to build communication networks without burying wire, cable, or optical fiber in the ground. There were over forty new Digital Transport Service (DTS) microwave licenses submitted to the FCC by firms wanting to qualify as new common carriers. Third, cable companies, particularly the metropolitan cable operators, were claiming they could provide digital data and voice communication by- pass services; by-pass as in eliminating much of the intra-LATA telephone services from the local Bell Operating Companies. (Intra-LATA services are effectively telephone calls made within one area code – within one central office (CO) switch - and are considered local calls. Inter-LATA calls are long distance calls.) Fourth, corporate customers were learning that other new technologies were making it possible to extend communication networks to reduce costs and increase functionality, such as the claims of the vendors of broadband LANs that their communication networks could carry data, voice and video, encompassing entire campus facilities and by-passing the telephone network. To obtain the advantages of T-1, corporations required equipment to multiplex their various slow speed data circuits into the T-1 circuits - for AT&T customers that meant into the DS-O sub-channels of the channel banks that connected to the T-1 circuits. That piece of equipment, a T-1 multiplexer, created both wonderful new economic opportunities for the existing multiplexer companies and, in time, dire consequences for those companies that did not act, or respond appropriately.
- 49. Climate Change If something is existential, it has to do with human existence. Definitions of existential 1. Adjective relating to or dealing with existence (especially with human existence) 2. Adjective of or as conceived by existentialism “an existential moment of choice” 3. Adjective derived from experience or the experience of existence "Existential." Vocabulary.com Dictionary, Vocabulary.com, https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/existential. Accessed 01 Jan. 2024.
- 50. Climate Change •How the "Global Cooling" Story Came to Be •Nine paragraphs written for Newsweek in 1975 continue to trump 40 years of climate science. It is a record that has its author amazed https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-the-global- cooling-story-came-to-be/
- 51. Climate Change • Climate change is happening. Global average temperature has increased about 1.8°F from 1901 to 2016.1 Changes of one or two degrees in the average temperature of the planet can cause potentially dangerous shifts in climate and weather. These real, observable changes are what we call climate change impacts because they are the visible ways that climate change is affecting the Earth. For example, many places have experienced changes in rainfall, resulting in more floods, droughts, or intense rain, as well as more frequent and severe heat waves. • The planet's oceans and glaciers have also experienced changes—oceans are warming and becoming more acidic, ice caps are melting, and sea level is rising. As these and other changes become more pronounced in the coming decades, they will likely present challenges to our society and our environment. https://www.epa.gov/climatechange-science/impacts-climate- change
- 52. Climate Change • Climate change impacts our health, environment, and economy. For example: • Warmer temperatures increase the frequency, intensity, and duration of heat waves,2 which can pose health risks, particularly for young children and the elderly. • Climate change can also impact human health by worsening air and water quality, increasing the spread of certain diseases, and altering the frequency or intensity of extreme weather events.3 • Rising sea level threatens coastal communities and ecosystems.4 • Changes in the patterns and amount of rainfall, as well as changes in the timing and amount of stream flow, can affect water supplies and water quality and the production of hydroelectricity.5 • Changing ecosystems influence geographic ranges of many plant and animal species and the timing of their lifecycle events, such as migration and reproduction.6 • Increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as heat waves, droughts, and floods, can increase losses to property, cause costly disruptions to society, and reduce the affordability of insurance.7
- 53. Climate Change • Elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide will persist in the atmosphere for hundreds or thousands of years, so the earth will continue to warm in the coming decades. The warmer it gets, the greater the risk for more severe changes to the climate and the earth's system. Although it's difficult to predict the exact impacts of climate change, what's clear is that the climate we are accustomed to is no longer a reliable guide for what to expect in the future. • Adaptation helps us prepare for some of the likely effects of climate change by reducing their impacts on ecosystems and people's well-being. Examples of adaptation include strengthening water conservation programs, upgrading stormwater systems, developing early warning systems for extreme heat events, and preparing for stronger storms through better emergency preparation and response strategies.
- 54. Power Consumption https://ehtrust.org/science/reports-on-power-consumption-and-increasing- energy-use-of-wireless-systems-and-digital-ecosystem/ Data Centres Of The World Will Consume 1/5 Of Earth’s Power By 2025