Talks about OER concept and CC license. Also the OER presences in Higher Education . How Openness help in Research, research in OER is also discussed.

1. Open Educational Resources
(OER): Higher Education and
Research
Nisha Singh
Deputy Director, IUC, IGNOU

2. Open Things…
Open Access
Open Content
Open Course ware
Open Source Software
Open Education / e-Learning
Open Educational Resources
 …and many more things

3. Image source: http://www.bihardays.com/
What is OER?

4. Open Educational Resources (OER) are
teaching and learning materials that you
may freely use and reuse at no cost, and
without needing to ask permission. Unlike
copyrighted resources, OER have been
authored or created by an individual or
organization that chooses to retain few, if
any, ownership rights.
https://www.oercommons.org/about

5. Open Educational Resources (OER) are
‘materials offered freely and openly to
use and adapt for teaching, learning,
development and research’.
- The Commonwealth of Learning (COL)
http://www.col.org/resources/crsMaterials/Pages/OCW-OER.aspx

6. UNESCO definition
Open Educational Resources are teaching,
learning or research materials that are in the
public domain or released with an
intellectual property license that allows for
free use, adaptation, and distribution.

7. OER coined at UNESCO’s 2002 Forum on Open
Courseware and designated “teaching, learning and
research materials in any medium, digital or
otherwise, that reside in the public domain or have
been released under an open license that permits
no-cost access, use, adaptation and redistribution
by others with no or limited restrictions.”

8. http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/247
Tracing OER
• In 1994 Wayne Hodgins coined the term “learning object(LO)”
• LO /digital materials can be designed and produced for use
and reuse in a variety of pedagogical situations.
• Also generated few standards like
reuse
detailing metadata,
 content exchange, and other standards necessary to find and
reuse digital educational content (ARIADNE, IMS, IEEE LTSC /
LOM, SCORM, .)

9. Open Content
• In 1998 David Wiley coined the term “open
content,” for content availability among
the educational community
• Open source / free software movements
can be productively applied to content and
created Open Publication Licence
http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/

10. Creative Commons…
In 2001 Lawrence (Larry) Lessig and others
founded the Creative Commons
more flexible set of licenses
stronger legal documents
credibility & confidence to open movement
easy to use

11. 2001 MIT: OpenCourseWare initiative
In 2001 MIT initiated to publish university course for free
public access for non-commercial use. An example of
commitment at an institutional level, encourage similar
projects lending the MIT brand to the movement.

12. Open education
• not limited to just open educational resources.
• open technologies that facilitate collaborative,
flexible learning and the open sharing of teaching
practices
• may include new approaches to assessment,
accreditation and collaborative learning.
http://www.capetowndeclaration.org/
2007: Cape Town Open Education Declaration

13.  2009 : Dakar Declaration on Open
Educational Resources
2011 : Commonwealth of Learning and
UNESCO Guidelines on Open Educational
Resources in Higher Education

14. • Foster awareness and use of OER.
• Facilitate enabling environments for use of ICT.
• Reinforce the development of strategies and policies
on OER.
• Promote the understanding and use of open licensing
frameworks.
• Support capacity building for the sustainable
development of quality learning materials.
2012: PARIS OER DECLARATION

15. • Foster strategic alliances for OER
• Encourage the development and adaptation
of OER in a variety of languages and cultural
contexts.
• Encourage research on OER.
• Facilitate finding, retrieving and sharing of
OER.
• Encourage the open licensing of educational
materials produced with public funds.

16. 2nd OER Congress in Slovenia
https://www.oercongress.org/

18. Ljubljana OER Action Plan: 2017
41 recommended actions to mainstream open-licensed
resources
 SDG-4 on “inclusive and quality and lifelong education.”
five strategic areas, namely:
 building the capacity of users to find, re-use, create and share OER;
 language and cultural issues;
 ensuring inclusive and equitable access to quality OER;
 developing sustainability models;
 and developing supportive policy environments.
https://www.oercongress.org/woerc-actionplan/

19. OER
Freedom
• Access
• Copy
• Use
• Adapt
• Share
License
• Attribution
• Share-Alike
• Non-Commercial
• No-Derivation

20. • Use the content in its unaltered formReuse
• Adapt, adjust, modify, improve or alter the
contentRevise
• Combine the original or revised content
with other OER to create something newRemix
• Share copies of the original content,
revision or remixes with othersRedistribute
• Keep access to the materials after the
learning eventRetain
The 5 Rs of OER: http://opencontent.org/definition/

21. Production, management, use and reuse of OER
Developing and applying open/public pedagogies in
teaching practice.
Open learning and gaining access to open learning
opportunities.
Practicing open scholarship, to encompass open access
publication, open science and open research.
Open sharing of teaching ideas and know-how
Using open technologies (web-based platforms,
applications and services) in an educational context.
What are 'Open Educational Practices'?
https://oersynth.pbworks.com/w/page/51685003/OpenPracticesWhat

22. Why OERs
 Not reinventing the wheel
 Sharing good practice
 Capacity building
 Breaking down barriers to learning
 Networking between teaching practitioners
 Cross fertilisation of ideas between disciplines

23. OER could be ……
 Activities & Labs
 Assessments
 Audio Lectures
 Case Study
 Curriculum Standards
 Discussion Forums
 Full Course
 Games
 Homework &
Assignments
 Images & Illustrations
 Interactive Text
 Lecture Notes
 Lesson Plans
 Readings
 Resource Review
 Simulations
 Syllabi
 Teaching & Learning Strategies
 Textbooks
 Training Materials
 Unit of Study
 Video Lectures
Any materials associated with teaching and learning!

24. Copyright and OER

25. Copyright and OER
• exclusive rights, given to creators and
authors to protect their original works
• an incentive for creativity to authors and
creators as well as a means of financial
compensation for their intellectual property

26. Copyright and OER
copyright is automatic and ‘all rights reserved’
copyright holder has the exclusive right for a
certain period of time, after which time the
work enters the public domain.

27. Creative Commons
http://creativecommons.org/license
• Most developed alternative Licensing approach
: Larry Lessig
• User friendly licenses for digital materials

28. Creative Commons licenses
not an alternative to copyright
enable creators to distribute their content to
a wide audience and specify the manner in
which the work can be used while still
maintaining their copyright
make copyright content more ‘active’ by
ensuring that content can be redeveloped
easily

29.  All CC licenses have common features:
 help creators/licensors retain copyright while allowing others
to copy, distribute, and make some uses of their work — at
least non-commercially.
 ensure licensors get the credit for their work.
 work around the world and last as long as applicable
copyright lasts (because they are built on copyright).
 common features serve as the baseline, on top of which
licensors can choose to grant additional permissions when
deciding how they want their work to be used.

30. Creative Commons Conditions
Condition Explanation
Attribution (BY) All CC licenses require that others who use your work in any way
must attribute it – i.e. must reference the work, giving you credit
for it – the way you request, but not in a way that suggests you
endorse them or their use of the work.
Non-
Commercial
(NC)
You let others copy, distribute, display, perform and (unless you
have chosen No Derivatives) modify and use your work for any
purpose other than commercially.
No Derivative
works (ND)
You let others copy, distribute, display and perform only original
copies of your work.
Share Alike (SA) You let others copy, distribute, display, perform and modify your
work, as long as they distribute any modified work on the same
terms.
https://creativecommons.org/

31. Six Creative Commons licenses
Attribution (CC-BY)
lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon
others work, even commercially, as long as they
credit creator for the original creation.
the most accommodating of licenses offered.
recommended for maximum dissemination and use
of licensed materials.

32. Creative Commons licenses ctd
 Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA)
 lets others remix, tweak, and build upon others work even for
commercial purposes, as long as they credit creator and license
their new creations under the identical terms.
 Often compared to “copyleft” free and open source software
licenses.
 All new works based on original will carry the same license, so any
derivatives will also allow commercial use. This is the license used
by Wikipedia.

33. Example: BY-SA
 Published by
WikiEducator
 BY-SA
 With Attribution
(BY)
 Share Alike (SA)

34. Creative Commons licenses ctd
• Attribution-NoDerivs (CC BY-ND) allows for
redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as
long as it is passed along unchanged and in
whole, with credit to original author.
• Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) lets
others remix, tweak, and build upon creator’s work
non-commercially, and although their new works
must also acknowledge you and be non-
commercial, they don’t have to license their
derivative works on the same terms.

35. Creative Commons licenses ctd
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
(CC BY-NC-SA)
This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon
your work non-commercially, as long as they credit
you and license their new creations under the
identical terms.

36. http://www.open.ac.uk/about/open-educational-resources/home/open-educational-media-operating-policy

37. Creative Commons licenses ctd
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs
(CC BY-NC-ND)
most restrictive, only allowing others to download your
works and share them with others as long as they credit
you, but they can’t change them in any way or use them
commercially.

38. Example: NC-ND
 Published by WIPO
 CC-NC-ND
 Free of charge
 Non-Commercial (may cover all
costs but no profit)
 No Derivatives (No editing)

39. Creative Commons Public Domain Tool
The CC0 tool (“No Rights Reserved”) allows authors,
copy right holders to waive all rights and place a work
in the public domain.
free of known copyright restrictions. It is not
recommend for works that are restricted by copyright
laws in one or more jurisdictions.

40. Summary - Open licenses

42. http://www.oerafrica.org/copyright-and-licensing-toolkit/challenges-seeking-permission

44. How to Mix Licenses
 Mixing CC License
 Let us try this Game

45. Issues while considering CC Licensing
No registration required to license your work
clearly spell out rights in terms of the materials that third
parties produce, including the possibility of subsequent use
and reuse by third parties.
If your work contains third-party (i.e. not created by you)
content (e.g. images, text, charts) and you wish to distribute
your work widely as an OER – whether in person, or
electronically or online – then you must undergo copyright
clearance to obtain permission for third-party content.

46. Major OER Platforms
 Wiki Educator
 OER Commons
 College Open textbooks
 CK-12
 Siyavula
 MERLOT
 OpenLearn
 OpenStax CNX (earlier
Connexions)
 Saylor Academy
 BC Open Textbooks
 Open Course Library
 NPTEL

47. Online Course for Understanding OER

48. Open Courseware (free online courses)
 Lumen Learning
 MIT OpenCourseWare
 Mountain Heights Academy
Open Courseware (9-12)
 The Open Academy
 Saylor Academy
 Open Course Library
 Open Education
Consortium Course Search
 OpenLearn
 Open.Michigan
 Open Yale
 TU Delft OpenCourseWare
 Tufts OpencourseWare
 Wikiversity
 Carnegie Mellon University
Open Learning Initiative
 John Hopkins School of Public
Health OpenCourseWare
https://www.cccoer.org/learn/find-oer/open-courseware/
https://www.oerafrica.org/FTPFolder/understanding/OER%20in%20HE%20concept%20paper.pdf

49. https://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm

50. Saylor.org Academy

51. OER Based ODL Course Material

52. OER Repository

54. 'Darakht-e danesh' means "knowledge tree"

62. https://www.oeconsortium.org/

63. Japan Open Courseware Consortium

64. MERLOT

65. Open Learn

66. Open stx
https://cnx.org/

67. https://www.oerafrica.org/

68. TESS Africa
http://www.tessafrica.net/

69. OER Knowledge Cloud

70. Some OER Repositories

71. http://oasis.col.org/

72. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB)

73. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)

74. National Repository of OERs

75. SAKSHAT
http://www.sakshat.ac.in/

78. Guidelines for open educational resources
(OER) in higher education

79. OER Adoption Pyramid
 Open Education Global Conference 2016 in Krakow,
Poland, Henry Trotter and Glenda Cox shared a new
analytical framework for assessing OER adoption
activities (and potential) in institutional contexts.
 Emerging from their research in Sub-project 4 of the
ROER4D project, they present the OER Adoption
Pyramid.
 can be used to generate graphical representations of
the “OER readiness” of OER agents in an institution.
http://roer4d.org/2290

80. OER Adoption Pyramid

81. Research on OER Adoption
http://research.cehd.umn.edu/otn/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/OER-Research-Guidebook.pdf

82. Research on OER for Development

83. OER Hub
OER Hub

85. Connecting Repositories

86. Open Access Button

87. Open DOAR

88. ORCID

89. https://openknowledgemaps.org/index

94. Activity
Go to https://web.hypothes.is/
Make an account
Download extension on Chrome
Annotate and make note on webpages and
create research groups

95. Google Advanced Search
SEARCHING OER

96.  Creative Commons Search
SEARCHING OER

97. Searching OER
 Xpert :
SEARCHING OER

98.  BASE-Bielefeld Academic Search Engine

99. Free FullPDF
SEARCHING OER

100. Directory of OER
SEARCHING OER

101. Creating Open Educational Resources

102. • Text
• Graphics
• Images
• Audio
• Animations
• Video
OER may be any one or combination of any of these:

103. ALMS Framework provides
 Access to Editing Tools:
 tools that are extremely expensive (e.g., 3DS MAX)
 an exotic format that can run on an obscure or discontinued
platform (e.g., OS/2)?
 format that can be at are freely available and run on all major
platforms (e.g., OpenOffice)?
 Level of Expertise Required:
 significant technical expertise (e.g., Blender)
 a minimum level of technical expertise (e.g., Word)?

104. ALMS Framework provides
 Meaningfully Editable:
 essentially impossible to revise or remix (e.g., a scanned image of a
handwritten document)
 making its content easy to revise or remix (e.g., a text file)?
 Self-Sourced:
 It the format preferred for consuming the open content the same
format preferred for revising or remixing the open content (e.g.,
HTML)?
 Is the format preferred for consuming the open content different
from the format preferred for revising or remixing the open content
(e.g. Flash FLA vs SWF)?
David Wiley and published freely under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license at http://opencontent.org/definition/.

105.  eXe - eLearning XHTML editor (eXe)
 An authoring environment to assist
teachers in the design, development and
publishing of web-based learning and
teaching materials without the need to
become proficient in HTML or complicated
web-publishing applications.

106. • Many content management and learning
management systems do not provide an intuitive
WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get)
environment where authors can see what their
content will look like in a browser when published
• eXe has been developed as an offline authoring tool

107. Mind/Concept Mapping – Free Mind
Free mind is an Open Source Software
widely used in making mind/concept
maps.

108. Uses of Free Mind
• Track projects
• Collection of notes (a knowledge base)
• Essay writing and brainstorming
• Small database
• Organization

110. Concept Mapping – C-Map
C-Map is an Free Software widely
used in making concept maps.

111. Using C Map

112. Some Activity
 OER Hands-on-Activity
 OER Hands On
http://162.144.90.128/srinimoodle/pluginfile.php/710/mod_resource/content/2/OER%20Hands-on-Activity.pdf