2. Internal Combustion
Engine
• An innovative propulsion system
operates by burning gasoline, oil,
or alternative fuels in combination
with air within the engine. The
resultant high-temperature gases
are strategically utilized to drive a
piston, effectively generating
motive power. This dynamic
process not only propels the
engine but also performs various
tasks as the gases expand,
showcasing the efficiency and
versatility of combustion-powered
technology.
• Lets see how it works
3. General working principle
Heat Electricity
Wind Water / Steam
Convert to
mechanical energy
Fuel Air Air/Fuel
mixture Intake
stroke
Compression
stroke
Ignition Combustion
stroke
Internal Combustion
7. Engine components, overview
Crankcase Ventilation
Cooling System
Cylinder Head
Camshaft
Intake Manifold
Intake port
Valve
Oil pan
Crankshaft
Flywheel
Lash adjuster
Oil pump and strainer
Connecting Rod
Cylinder liner
Crankcase
Piston
Exhaust port
Rocker arm
Piston pin
Exhaust
8. Cylinder Block
• The main functions of
the cylinder block are:
• Maintaining
the engine's stability and
lubrication.
• Transferring oil to all parts
of the engine, lubricating all
the critical components, via a
number of oil galleries.
9. Piston
• In an engine,
its purpose is to transfer
force from expanding
gas in the cylinder to
the crankshaft via a
piston rod
and/or connecting rod.
10. Connecting Rod
• A connecting rod is an engine
component that transfers motion
from the piston to
the crankshaft and functions as a
lever arm.
11. Crankshaft
• The crankshaft is a moving part of
the internal combustion engine (ICE).
It's main function is to transform the
linear motion of the piston into
rotational motion.
12. Flywheel
• Functions of
Flywheel
• Maintain a rotating
mass to assist the
engine rotation and
provide a more
consistent delivery of
torque during running.
• Provide a ring gear for
the starter motor to
engage on.
• Provide one of the
driving friction
surfaces for the
friction disc.
13. Cylinder
Head
• Cylinder head is usually located on
the top of the cylinder block.
• It serves as a housing for components
such as the intake and exhaust valves,
springs and lifters and the combustion
chamber.
14. Intake and
Exhaust Valves
• The main function of
the engine valves is to
let air in and out of the
cylinders. That air is
used to help ignite the
fuel which will drive
the pistons up and
down.
15. Intake and exhaust valves
Small Intake
valve,
reduced
intake air
Large Intake
valve,
increased
intake air
Exhaust valves
Intake valves
Valve size
Valve guide
Spring
Valve stem seal
Valve stem
Valve seat
Valve disk
Valve face
Wide
Narrow
Variable
pitch spring
Double spring
Inner springOuter spring
16. Camshaft
• A camshaft on an
internal combustion
heat engine is a
device that controls
both the input of fuel
and the expulsion of
exhaust fumes.
17. Rocker Arm
• Oscillating lever that
conveys
radial movement from the
cam lobe into
linear movement at the
poppet valve to open it.
20. Purpose of Valve Clearance
• Heat produced in the engine causes internal
engine components to expand and contract.
• As the engine heats up, proper valve clearance is
essential for optimal performance.
21. • Engines are made of many different materials
and metals.
• Each material expands at a different rate and
each engine component is subjected to
different levels of heat.
• Manufacturers design engines to have space
between components so that the various
components can rotate and function.
22. References
• Army Publishing Directorate. (n.d.).
https://armypubs.army.mil/ProductMaps/PubForm/Details_Printer.aspx?PUB_ID=10403
• ITEH Standards. (n.d.). iTeh Standards.
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/39910275-ad26-4630-8a62-
%2047d6b25b8453/iso-15550-2016
• Davis, M. (2023, October 5). Flathead Ford V-8 Engine Guide: Everything you need to
know. MotorTrend. https://www.motortrend.com/how-to/flathead-ford-engine-guide/
• https://rumble.com/v4cu9ub-internal-combustion-engine.html
Title: An Introduction to the World of Engines
Introduction:
Welcome to the captivating realm of engines, where power, precision, and innovation converge to drive our modern world forward. In this exploration, we embark on a journey that unveils the intricate mechanisms behind the heartbeat of machinery, guided by the expertise of SSG LaRue, Preston.
Engines are the silent yet formidable force propelling our vehicles, industries, and technological advancements. From the roar of a high-performance sports car to the hum of a jet engine soaring through the skies, the diverse array of engines shapes the landscapes of our daily lives in profound ways.
In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the fundamental principles that underpin the functionality of engines, unraveling the mysteries of combustion, propulsion, and energy conversion. Through SSG LaRue's insightful perspective, we gain a deeper understanding of the engineering marvels that enable these mechanical marvels to operate with remarkable efficiency and reliability.
Whether you're an aspiring engineer, a curious enthusiast, or simply someone intrigued by the marvels of modern technology, this introduction promises to ignite your curiosity and expand your knowledge of the captivating world of engines. So, fasten your seatbelts and prepare to embark on an exhilarating journey through the heart and soul of mechanical innovation.
The Internal Combustion Engine started in the 19th Century and was at the height of the industrial revolution when the Titans of the 19th century capitalized on its benefits such as Henry Ford inventing the Ford Model T and went on to design the Flathead V-8.
Title: Revolutionizing Propulsion: Harnessing the Power of Combustion
Introduction
- Welcome, ladies and gentlemen, to today's presentation on revolutionizing propulsion through innovative combustion technology.
Slide 2: The Essence of Innovation
- In our quest for progress, we've developed an innovative propulsion system that promises to redefine the way we think about power generation.
Slide 3: The Core Principle
- At the heart of our system lies the combustion of gasoline, oil, or alternative fuels combined with air within the engine.
Slide 4: Driving Force
- The high-temperature gases produced from combustion are strategically harnessed to drive a piston, thus generating the motive power required for propulsion.
Slide 5: Efficiency Unleashed
- Through this dynamic process, not only do we propel the engine forward, but we also harness the expanding gases to perform various tasks, showcasing the unparalleled efficiency of our combustion-powered technology.
Slide 6: Versatility in Action
- From powering vehicles to driving machinery, our propulsion system demonstrates unparalleled versatility, adapting seamlessly to a multitude of applications.
Slide 7: Conclusion
- In conclusion, our innovative propulsion system represents a significant leap forward in the realm of combustion technology, promising efficiency, versatility, and unmatched performance.
Slide 8: Thank You
- Thank you for your attention. Are there any questions?
Understanding the Working Principle of the engine
Understanding the term internal combustion
Understanding the term external combustion
Understanding the Diesel 4-Stroke Working Cycle
Understanding the term self ignition engine
Understanding the pressures inside the combustion chamber
Understanding the Engine classification
Understanding the Engine requirements
Understanding the engine components
Slide Notes:
- Cylinder Block Functions:
- Stability and Lubrication:
- Maintains engine stability.
- Facilitates lubrication.
- Oil Distribution:
- Transfers oil to all engine parts.
- Lubricates critical components through oil galleries.
Slide Notes:
- Engine Functionality:
- Objective: Transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft.
- Mechanism: Achieved through a piston rod and/or connecting rod.
A connecting rod serves as a crucial engine component, linking the motion from the piston to the crankshaft. It acts as a lever arm in this process, facilitating the transfer of motion and power within the engine mechanism.
The crankshaft, a vital component of the internal combustion engine (ICE), is in constant motion. Its primary purpose is to convert the linear motion generated by the piston into rotational motion.
The functions of the flywheel are crucial:
- It maintains a rotating mass, aiding engine rotation and ensuring a consistent delivery of torque during operation.
- It serves as a ring gear engagement point for the starter motor.
- Additionally, it acts as one of the driving friction surfaces for the friction disc.
The cylinder head typically sits atop the cylinder block. It functions as a housing for various components, including the intake and exhaust valves, springs, lifters, and the combustion chamber.
Brief speaking points:
- Engine valves primarily regulate the flow of air in and out of the cylinders.
- This air is essential for igniting the fuel, which powers the pistons' movement.
- In essence, engine valves facilitate the combustion process by controlling air intake and exhaust.
Understanding the purpose of and construction of the Intake and Exhaust Valve
Understanding the purpose and types of valve springs
In an internal combustion engine, the camshaft serves as the mechanism responsible for regulating both fuel intake and exhaust fume expulsion.
An oscillating lever that transforms radial motion from the cam lobe into linear movement at the poppet valve to open it.
Valve Clearance and Allowance:
Valve clearance refers to the space or gap between the valve stem and the rocker arm or camshaft. It's crucial for ensuring proper engine performance and longevity.
- **Purpose:**
- Allows for thermal expansion and contraction.
- Prevents valves from sticking or overheating.
- Ensures proper valve seating.
- **Adjustment:**
- Regular maintenance is required to check and adjust valve clearance.
- Adjustments are typically made by adjusting the rocker arm or camshaft.
Distance Between Adjacent Surfaces of Mating Parts:
This distance refers to the gap or clearance between two surfaces that come into contact during operation.
- **Importance:**
- Prevents friction and wear between mating parts.
- Allows for thermal expansion and contraction.
- Ensures proper functioning and longevity of the components.
- **Maintenance:**
- Regular inspection and lubrication are essential to maintain proper clearance.
- Adjustments or replacements may be necessary if clearance becomes excessive or insufficient.
In summary, valve clearance and allowance play critical roles in ensuring smooth operation and longevity of engine components by allowing for thermal expansion, preventing friction, and maintaining proper functioning of moving parts. Regular maintenance and inspection are key to ensuring optimal performance and minimizing wear and tear.
The purpose of valve clearance lies in its crucial role in maintaining optimal engine performance, especially under the conditions of heat expansion and contraction.
- **Heat Expansion and Contraction:**
- Heat generated within the engine during operation causes internal components to expand.
- Conversely, when the engine cools down, these components contract.
- This thermal cycling is a natural consequence of combustion and engine operation.
- **Significance of Valve Clearance:**
- Proper valve clearance becomes essential as the engine heats up.
- Without adequate clearance, the expanding components, such as the valves and their mating parts, can bind or stick.
- Conversely, excessive clearance can lead to noise, reduced engine performance, or even valve damage.
- **Optimal Performance:**
- Maintaining the correct valve clearance ensures that the valves can fully open and close as needed during the engine's operation.
- This allows for efficient airflow and fuel mixture intake into the combustion chamber and effective expulsion of exhaust gases.
In essence, valve clearance serves as a critical factor in ensuring that the engine operates smoothly and efficiently, even in the face of thermal expansion and contraction. It is through this careful calibration that the engine can deliver its intended performance consistently and reliably.