Stephen Krashen's Monitor Model Hypothesis, exploring the five hypotheses of second language acquisition.

1. Stephen Krashen's
Monitor Model
Hypothesis
• Exploring the Five Hypotheses of
Second Language Acquisition

2. Stephen
Krashen
Linguist and educational theorist
Emeritus Professor of Education at
the University of Southern
California
Renowned for his contributions to
the field of second language
acquisition (SLA)
Proposed the Monitor Model in 1977
“Language acquisition does not require extensive use of
conscious grammatical rules, and does not require tedious
drill.”

3. Key Components:
Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis
Monitor Hypothesis
Input Hypothesis
Affective Filter Hypothesis
Natural Order Hypothesis

4. Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis
• Acquisition: Un/subconscious, informal, natural process.
• Learning: Formal, conscious knowledge of rules.

5. • Emphasizes the importance of
exposure and immersion in language
learning.
• challenges traditional methods that
solely prioritize grammar drills.
implications

6. Monitor Hypothesis
the roles of explicit planning, editing and correction
monitor - over, under, and optimal users
Should not dominate spontaneous language use

7. • The acquisition is the utterance
initiator while the learning system
performs the role of an ‘editor’.
• The role of the monitor should be
minor.
implications

8. Input Hypothesis
Comprehensible Input (i+1): Slightly beyond
current proficiency.
Engaging content like stories, movies, and
conversations provide rich input

9. • If the input is understood, necessary grammar is simultaneously
provided.
• The more comprehensible input, the more L2 proficiency.
implications

10. Natural Order Hypothesis
Predictable sequence of acquiring
grammatical structures
Language rules are acquired in a natural,
predetermined order

11. • Recognizing and respecting the
natural order can guide language
instruction.
• Overemphasizing specific structures
ahead of their natural acquisition
order might hinder progress.
implications

12. • Learners' emotional state impact language
acquisition
• Low anxiety and high motivation create a
low "affective filter," allowing input to
reach the Acquired System
• Stress, fear, and boredom raise the filter,
hindering acquisition
Affective Filter Hypothesis

13. • When the filter is high, it blocks
language acquisition.
• The low affective filter is
desirable.
implications

14. Synthesis of Hypotheses
• Acquisition-Learning, Monitor, Input,
Affective Filter, and Natural Order work
synergistically.
• Promotes a holistic approach to language
learning.

15. conclusion