oral com

1. PRINCIPLES OF
SPEECH WRITING

2.  Conducting an audience analysis
 Determining the purpose of the
speech
 Selecting a topic
 Narrowing down a topic
 Gathering data
Speech Writing Process

3. Demography
• age range
• male-female ratio
• educational background
• nationality
• economic status
• academic or corporate designation
Audience Analysis

4. Situation
• time
• venue
• occasion
• size
Audience Analysis

5. Psychology
• values
• beliefs
• attitude
• preferences
• cultural and racial ideologies
• needs
Audience Analysis

6. Informative Speech
Entertainment Speech
Persuasive Speech
Purpose

7. Provides the audience with a
clear understanding of the
concept or idea presented by
the speaker.
Informative Speech

8. provides the audience with
amusement.
Entertainment Speech

9. Provides the audience with
well-argued ideas that can
influence their own beliefs and
decisions.
Persuasive Speech

10.  Selecting a Topic
•Choose a topic which you’re interested to.
Narrowing down a topic
•Making your main idea more specific
Data gathering
•Collecting ideas, information, sources, and
references relevant and related to the topic.
Selecting a Topic

11.  Biographical
•presents descriptions of the life of a
person
 Categorical/ Topical
•presents related categories supporting
the topic
 Casual
•Presents cause-effect relationship
Writing Patterns

12. Chronological
•Presents the idea in time order
Comparison/ Contrast
•Presents comparison/contrast of two or
three points
Problem-solution
•Presents an identified problem, its
causes, and recommended solutions
Writing Patterns

13. Outline – an hierarchical list that
shows the relationship of your
ideas.
•Introduction
•Body
•Conclusion
Preparing an Outline

14. Provides explanations,
examples, or any details that
can help you deliver your
purpose and explain the main
idea of your speech
Body of Speech

15. Foundation of the speech
Here, the goal is to get the
attention of the audience and
present the subject or main
idea of your speech.
Introduction

16. Restates the main idea of the
speech.
Provides a summary, emphasizes
the message, and calls for action.
Aims to leave the audience with a
memorable statement.
Conclusion

17. Involves correcting errors in
mechanics, such as grammar,
punctuation, capitalization, unity,
coherence, and others.
Editing/Revising

18.  According to Andrew Dlugan (2013)
o Edit for Focus
o Edit for Clarity
o Edit for Conclusion
o Edit for Continuity
oEdit for Variety
o Edit for Impact and Beauty
Six Power Principles for
Speech Editing

19. Ensure that everything you have
written, from introduction to
conclusion, is related to your central
message.
“So, what’s the point? What’s the
message of the speech?”
Edit for Focus

20. Make all ideas in your speech clear by
arranging them in logical order (e.g.,
main idea first then supporting detail, or
supporting details first then main idea).
“I don’t understand the message because
the examples or supporting details were
confusing.”
Edit for Clarity

21. Keep your speech short, simple, and
clear by eliminating unrelated stories and
sentences and by using simple words.
“ The speech was all over the place; the
speaker kept talking endlessly as if no
one was listening to him/her.”
Edit for Conclusion

22. Keep the flow of your presentation
smooth by adding transition words and
phrases.
“ The speech was too difficult to follow;
was lost in the middle.”
Edit for Continuity

23. Add spice to your speech by shifting tone and
style from formal to conversational and vice-
versa, moving around the stage, or adding
humor.
“ I didn’t enjoy the speech because it was
boring.”
Edit for Variety

24. Edit for Impact and Beauty
Make your speech memorable by using these
• strategies :
Surprise of the audience
Use vivid descriptive images
Write well-crafted and memorable lines
Use Figures of Speech
• “ There’s nothing really special about the speech.”

25. It gives you an opportunity to identify
what works and what does not work for
you and for your target audience.
Rehearsing

26. Reading your speech aloud
Recording for your own analysis or
for your peers or coaches to give
feed back on your delivery.
Some Strategies

27. “ Constant practice makes perfect.”
The Best thing to Remember
at this Stage:

28. Some Guidelines in
speech writing

29. 1. Keep your words short and simple.
Your speech is meant to be heard by
your audience, not read.

30. 2. Avoid jargon, acronyms, or technical
words because they can confuse your
audience.

31. 3. Make your speech more personal.
Use the personal pronoun “I,” but take
care not to overuse it. When you need
to emphasize collectiveness with your
audience, use the personal pronoun
“We.”

32. 4. Use active verbs and contractions
because they add to the personal
conversational tone of your speech.

33. 5. Be sensitive of your audience.
Be very careful with your
language, jokes
and nonverbal cues.

34. 6. Use metaphors and other figures
of speech to effectively convey
your point.

35. 7. Manage your time well; make
sure that the speech falls under
the time limit.

36. The Speech Writing Process
Quick Review

37. Conducting an audience analysis
Determining the purpose of the Speech
Selecting a Topic
Narrowing down a Topic
Gathering data

38. Selecting a speech pattern
Preparing an outline
Creating the body of the Speech
Preparing an introduction
Preparing the conclusion

39. Editing and/or Revising
Rehearsing

40. THAT’S ALL THANK YOU!!!