Hospitals as workspaces emerged as a topic of potential intervention because work efficiency lies at its core. While going through a plethora of ideas during the initial weeks of the project, I kept coming back to the idea of hospitals and spaces from the brief’s ‘workspaces and cultures’. My theme evolved from the possibility of a design intervention that can positively impact the healthcare industry with a focus on designing for healthcare workers. Secondary research during my exploratory phase facilitated the understanding of an emerging dependence that exists between multiple nesting ecosystems in hospitals. My interest grew with research and I foresaw an opportunity to challenge myself with a possible answer to the question: How does one create impact that addresses a gamut of individual needs and yet can be brought about within a system? Design Concept - Holistic Healthcare System is designed to reduce patient-load on doctors, nurses and other involved healthcare workers in a space. By implementing this digital intervention, the average wait-time in hospitals (observed as about 2 hours currently) could speculatively but plausibly be cut down to 20-30 minutes. The patient load on receptionists and nurses that undertake the tasks of form-filling, booking appointments, analysing vitals and symptoms, will be minimised. Additionally, it enhances the doctor’s efficiency to diagnose and treat the patient. The design eliminates the initial back and forth between reception, triage room, doctor, maybe another doctor, a scan and back to the doctor. This process forms a closed loop by increasing the overall efficiency and saving 83.3-75% of the patient’s time. How it works: The system collects user data and processes it, mapping the user to the right doctor using manual assessment and existing data and doctor information. It results in an ‘Organic Re-organisation of Healthcare Spaces’, and reduces wait time and patient frustrations. The design’s goal is to facilitate the stakeholders to achieve their goal, hereby enhancing the overall experience, making it more efficient. Features for patient’s portal include: A personalised data collection and intelligence model, a custom 3D intractable graphic anatomic mesh to help patients map points of concern, speech-to-text and audio options, multi-lingual option, and follow-up notifications.

1. Hospitals as Workspaces
Digital Interven
ti
on to Reduce Pa
ti
ent Load on Healthcare Sta
f
Shreya Dinesh Pa
ti
l
REG. NO: 205306016
Work: Spaces and Cultures | A3| B.Des | Human Centered Design

2. A1 Line of Enquiry
Understanding the hospital facilities and
SOPs (standard operating procedures) that
have an effect on the satisfaction levels of
healthcare workers
Effects of sensory stimulation on the mental
state of healthcare workers in hospital
environments and while performing medical
procedures.
Result of prolonged doctor-patient
interaction throughout the duration of
treatment, affecting their work and
satisfaction.
Systems, Physical Spaces, Interactions
Line of Enquiry
Understanding the hospital facilities and
SOPs (standard operating procedures) that
have an effect on the satisfaction levels of
healthcare workers
Effects of sensory stimulation on the mental
state of healthcare workers in hospital
environments and while performing medical
procedures.
Result of prolonged doctor-patient
interaction throughout the duration of
treatment, affecting their work and
satisfaction.
Systems, Physical Spaces, Interactions
Project Brief Emerging Context & Key Concepts Posi
ti
onality
My first site visit Manipal Hospital, Hebbal, 22 Aug 2023
My first site visit Manipal Hospital, Hebbal, 22 Aug 2023
Implementing
a solution to-
ward the holistic
well-being of
participants and
stakeholders
Technology that
helps implement
solutions to-
wards health and
welfare
Creating an
impact, and
addressing the
larger context
Technological
mediation in
hospital spaces
Docbook Page 13-25
“ ”
When hospitals are well designed, clinicians and patients can
more easily manoeuvre in the workspace and access equipment.
This reduces stress and errors — Healthy Dialogues, The Future
of Hospital Rooms
I aim to impact lives, and design to enhance human experiences, star
ti
ng with
healthcare. I see great scope and poten
ti
al, yet rela
ti
vely less work done in the
sector of healthcare in India.

3. A1 Secondary Research
?
?
What are the implications of workplace design on the quality
of service, and workers’ well-being?
How are hospital spaces designed to accommodate varying
patients, specialisations and clinicians’ personal preferences?
Go through
talking abou
context of In
Identify wha
be explored
work done i
attendants w
Manipal Hospital, Whitefield, Bangalore
Key Ques
ti
ons
“ ”
When hospitals are well designed, clinicians and patients can
more easily manoeuvre in the workspace and access equipment.
This reduces stress and errors — Healthy Dialogues, The Future
of Hospital Rooms
Eliane Holzer, F. Tschan, Maria U. Kottwitz, et
al. "The workday of hospital surgeons: what
they do, what makes them satis
fi
ed, and the
role of core tasks and administrative tasks; a
Healthy Dialogues, The Future of Hospital
Rooms (YouTube Video, 2016) https://
Charles Glisson and Mark Durick, Predictors of
Job Satisfaction and Organisational
Commitment in Human Service Organizations
“ Increasing the percentage of medical tasks proper, notably
surgery, and reducing administrative duties may contribute to
hospital surgeons’ job satisfaction — Eliane Holzer, F. Tschan,
Maria U. Kottwitz, et al. “The workday of hospital surgeons”
”
Satisfaction emphasises the specific task environment where
an employee performs his or her duties — Charles Glisson and
Mark Durick
“ ”
Stewart Collins, Statutory Social Workers:
Stress, Job Satisfaction, Coping, Social
Support and Individual Di
ff
erences (Oxford
Docbook Page 21-25

4. A1 Ini
ti
al Interviews and Insights
Interview Insights around Space Design
Interview Insights around Space Design
Doctors are motivated by the service they provide that makes a
real difference in people’s lives — Gastro surgeon, An interview
participant, addressing motivations that facilitate job satisfac-
tion (2023)
“ ”
Docbook Page 27

5. A1 Feedback
Identify what other spaces can be
explored? Niche area or less work done
in spaces like attendants waiting area.
Look at interactions taking place and
spend ample time in the space, sit and
observe.
Go through research papers talking
about hospitals in the context of India.
Look at elements present in luxury
hospitals that can be bought into public
hospitals.
Summary
There is a cyclical relationship
between social workers' well-
being and patient outcomes.
When social workers are
overburdened and stressed, it
negatively affects their service
quality and patient care. In
turn, poor patient outcomes
further exacerbate social
workers' stress
— The Role of Social Workers
in Interprofessional Primary
Healthcare Teams
“
”
Manipal Hospital, Whitefield, Bangalore
A1 Summary and Feedback
-
Manipal Hospital, Whitefield, Bangalore
“There is a cyclical relationship between social workers' wellbeing
and patient outcomes. When social workers are overburdened and
stressed, it negatively affects their service quality and patient care. In
turn, poor patient outcomes further exacerbate social workers' stress.”
The Role of Social Workers in Interprofessional Primary Healthcare Teams - PMC https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7435073
Docbook Page 28

6. Primary Research: Interviews and Observation
Evaluating Existing Digital
Interventions
Gosha Hospital, Shivaji Nagar, Bangalore
Context-Specific
Ideation
BP Machine Used in the
Triage Room
Interview Questions and Notes
Final
Outcome
User Testing and Critical
Evaluation
Feedback Kiosk and Self-Registration
QR Code at the Reception
Kiosk Source: Adobe CS
Determining the Project Space
Secondary Research
Setting the Line of Inquiry and
Understanding Hospital Protocols
Primary Site: Manipal Hospital,
Whitefield, Bangalore
Manipal Hospital, Whitefield,
Bangalore
Source: Amazon Image
...and many others
Timeline
Docbook Page 17-18

7. A2 Hospital Site Visits
Scope of the Visits
Gosha Hospital, Shivaji Nagar, Bangalore
Labour Ward Entrance
Docbook Page 30

8. A2 Focused Secondary Research O
ffi
cial Access for Visit Mapping Primary Research Areas
Since I was able to obtain official access to all the spaces in the hospital, I was able to explore
the space without restrictions.
Manipal Hospital, Whitefield, Bangalore
ID Card received
• The hospital environment, including infrastructure, workspace design, and accessibility of
facilities, significantly impacts the well-being and job satisfaction of healthcare workers.
Poorly designed environments can negatively affect care delivery.
• Healthcare workers often cite issues like lack of privacy, noisy and crowded surroundings,
inadequate facilities, and lack of communal spaces as factors reducing job satisfaction and
increasing stress.
• Access to nature, views of the outdoors, quiet spaces, and facilities for rest and recovery
are environmental features that can promote staff well-being. Some other factors are:
comfortable social areas for patients and families, and safe, accessible and well-equipped
workspaces.
• High workload and patient load coupled with staff shortages are key drivers of burnout
and dissatisfaction. Heavy administrative burdens also play a role. These reflect the
challenges of limited investments in public healthcare infrastructure and human resources.
Docbook Page 31-33

9. A2 Spacial Organisa
ti
on and Design Sensory Design
Docbook Page 34-36
Manipal Hospital, Whitefield, Bangalore
Ward Room, single patient
Abundant natural light and access to nature
Gosha Hospital, Shivaji Nagar, Bangalore
Ward room, shared by 15-20 patients
Insights that evolved my understanding of space and the senses:
• Environmental elements like light, sound, and colour significantly influence one’s connec-
tion with a space. In healthcare, poor designs can lead to complications, especially during
prolonged stays, exacerbating issues like depression and pain
• Attention to environmental factors can reduce medication needs and improve patient
behaviour. This individual control contrasts with standardized hospital facilities, lacking
customization (reference 3)
• The Walkman Effect (personal control over the environment, like through headphones,
can enhance well-being) can be integrated in healthcare design. When a patient is given
control of a situation it is shown to enhance their satisfaction levels
Takeaways from the Talk on Spacial Design by Vishwesh:
• Individual work entities influence the entire community, and every environmental system/
element supports the holistic perception of the work infrastructure
• Understanding the nature of workspace and it’s implications - global/large scale impact it
may have are essential
Studies mention that the human ability to interpret and create, requiring cross-wiring in
the brain (reference 7). The ability to utilise this knowledge to alter behavioural responses,
calm the visitors, and create an environment with a sense of normalcy during high-stress
situations.
An experiment conducted by a research team in a store environment manipulated the
olfactory receptor while simultaneously manipulating the presence of music. Customers
By designing experiences that congruently engage more of the
senses we may be better able to enhance the quality of life while
at the same time also creating more immersive, engaging, and
memorable multi-sensory experiences
“ ”

10. A2 Hospitals as a Space of E
ffi
ciency
Docbook Page 37-40
A comparative study based on primary research: What contributes to efficiency in hospitals?
• Staff members at Manipal have frequent meetings (every few weeks on average) to discuss
issues and receive updates on patient care.
• In one instance, the staff-to-patient ratio during an emergency was 7:1. Similar to most
private ICUs, Manipal Hospital’s nurse-to-patient ratio is 1:1–1:2, while public hospital ICUs
have a ratio of 1:4–1:6. In Manipal, the nurse-to-patient ratio in the wards is 1:5, while in
Gosha, it is 2:25.
• In a public tertiary care hospital, the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections was found
to be 3.76% in one study, while in private hospitals, the rate is usually less than 1%.
• Aspects of space that evoke emotions: the materials that make up a space create moods.
In OTs, this observation was common. The atmosphere varied although the making of the
space remained constant.
• The physical availability of space, organisation and compartmentalisation of space and
elements in it contribute to the efficiency of a space.
• I noticed vacuum suction technology (in Manipal) for drawing blood versus drawing blood
with syringe (in Gosha) which was more tedious and painful.
Manipal Hospital, Whitefield, Bangalore
Emergency Room, Bed 01, Code Red
Case Learning Outcome: Systems help reduce human error and human interventions help
reduce system errors.
Manipal Hospital, Whitefield, Bangalore
Checklist Documenting Patients’ Care
Nurse Station, All Floors Ward Center
Manipal Hospital, Whitefield, Bangalore
OT in the process of cleaning
Gosha Hospital, Shivaji Nagar, Bangalore
OT ready for a patient
Hospital Site Visits

11. A2 Research
Docbook Page 43-45
Idea
ti
on
Area
Possible
Drawbacks/
Challenges
Ideation
Case Study
Challenge/
Pain Points
Drug deficit
Cannulation
Repeated punctures due
to problems finding veins,
dehydration, pain, etc. add
to the stress of the doctor,
parent, and patient and
may even lead to a delay in
treatment.
Patient with clot in the brain
needing brain surgery - unable to
get intermediate purity factors
(vials that help clotting, need to
be given before surgery to prevent
excessive bleeding during surgery).
Multiple calls made to find where
this could be bought from.
This problem is even more
serious in obese subjects,
older patients (had to resort
to finding artery, couldn’t find
pulse even using sonogram)
and patients who need
frequent infusions.
Drug shortage of rare drugs or
expensive drugs that could save a
life. Workers stress to try and find
a solution, facing arrogance from
superiors.
Vein finder devices that also
help distinguish a healthy
vein from a sclerotic vein.
Additionally, it suggests the
ideal size of the cannula by
taking factors like reason, age,
weight, vein type, etc.
Privacy related concerns, malprac-
tice, hospitals wanting to keep
resources for private use. Market
forces run a lot of thing, medical
transcription industry.
A repository or storage database
for all drugs to ensure easy access,
controlled by central healthcare
providers.
Unfamiliar case Hospital Coordination
Coordinating between departments that
don’t operate around one anothe(nurses,
doctors, administration dept, engineering,
management).
Encountering a new or one-of-a-kind
rare case, for an experienced or new
practitioner.
[1] AC not working in patient room, nurse
has to contact another department to get
the issue fixed. (Is this concern out of her
job role?) [2] Obtaining plasma from the
blood bank required multiple phone calls
and caused stress among the staff.
Each specialisation has varying resource
hubs where papers get published, most of
these require a subscription to access in-
formation. This information then becomes
inaccessible to the larger audience. Addi-
tionally, with the abundance of research
done and written on, it is challenging and
time consuming to find the right resources
at a time of need.
QR Code present on the bottom of
patient beds with this system. Similar idea
adapted.
Chat GPT for medical queries: A system
that integrates all the medical research
ever presented and uses NLP to provide
accurate answers to queries along with
their sources.
A system or database to communicate
within the different nesting sections in
hospitals , to mediate effectively and have
a record of complaints or issues raised
and fixed consequently, along with the
time it took. Phone system to contact
person in charge instead of burdening the
nurse with all the problems.
Workers getting infected often ICU space design
Infections spread through high load patient contact
more than second-hand carriers.
Creating a filter system in the air input-output me-
diation so that aerosol transmission can be filtered
rather than mediating transmission.
Through prolonged observation, I noticed that
many of the nurses and doctors (primarily resident/
junior) that were in constant contact with patients of
varying types, had symptoms of sickness (common
ones like cold, cough). This hinders their ability
to provide service to their potential, and also
deteriorates long-term health due to the frequent
consumption of tablets. One of the primary contact-
method is air. Air circulation in the hospital is
centralised and AC vents can act as the spread agent.
Nurses face backlash and
restriction during night duty,
and parts of the day in the
ICU. Patients here are critical
and require highly intensive
care and rest. However, due to
factors like noise and stress,
patients and workers don’t
have an optimal environment.
A lot of functions taking place in
ICUs are associated with direct
contact, patient monitoring and
nurse attention is a mandate.
“Patient interaction is more
beneficial”
Sound-proof glass with an
island design structure. In this
case, the nurses and doctors
can have visual access to the
patients and can carry on their
tasks and have conversations
in the space without stress. It
will also be a sanitised zone
that would prevent infection
transfer.
Spread of infection (contact/no-contact) from
patients to hospital workers due to high contact
load.
Noise in the ICU by staff causing
complaints and a stressful work
environment, high chances
of infecting or catching an
infection.

12. A2 Outcome Speci
fi
c Pain-Points
Docbook Page 46-51
Typical User Journey During Hospital Visits
Manipal Hospital, Whitefield,
Bangalore
Contents of forms filled by doctors and nurses,
and then re-typed into computers.
Manipal Hospital, Whitefield,
Bangalore
Manual Assessment Of Pain Done By Nurses To
Analyse Symptoms And Suggest Relevant Doctors
Gosha Hospital, Shivaji Nagar, Bangalore
Manual Form-Filling for Blood Related
Investigations

13. A2 Outcome Speci
fi
c Pain-Points
Docbook Page 46-51
Manipal Hospital, Whitefield,
Bangalore
Long Queue Outside The Triaging Room For
Assessment And Vital Check
Manipal Hospital, Whitefield,
Bangalore
Long Queue In Front Of The Reception Area For
Multiple Reasons As Listed Below
It was a clear cut OPD case, but since the patient came
here, we had to provide a bed, now we can’t take someone
else that might be in need — Resident doctors in the ER
“ ”
It was a clear cut OPD case, but since the patient came
here, we had to provide a bed, now we can’t take someone
else that might be in need — Resident doctors in the ER
Pain-points: An Overview
• Communication gap (Case: prolonged waiting time, complaints, dissatisfaction)
• Long lines at reception desk (burden)
• Triage related concerns - in OPD (long lines, patients coming there to address other
queries, manual assessment of the query by nurse)
• Triage related concerns - in the ER (some cases are OPD cases but have to be handled in ER
because patient came there.
• Self registration, whatsapp chat, and mobile app/web portal present for booking, but
unused.
• Doctors filling forms with patient details that are existing in different forms but need to be
consolidated in one document on the system (repetitive and time consuming tasks).
“ ”
Manipal Hospital, Whitefield, Bangalore
Current Appointment Status System
Ui To Help User Book An Appointment

14. 3D Human Model
A2 Final Idea: Re-Thinking the Organic Organisa
ti
on of Space by Introducing a Digital Mediator
Docbook Page 52
Self Triage
system
System
algorithm
using data to
analyse
Doctors referring to old cases to try
and understand unfamiliar cases
Self assesment kits Manual sample assement in public lab
Possible
remedy
suggestion
Reduce
patient load
on staff
Reduces the
number of steps
and people
involved
“Allowing the staff to focus less
on forms, and more on you.”
Visual elements,
voice reogni-
tion, multiple
languages
Patients might not be ‘tech-savy’
Patient data
storage from
registration to
discharge
Private and
public
healthcare
implementation
Directs the
patient to book
a slot with
concerned
doctor
Live-status of
doctor if in
surgery or
emergency

15. A2 Feedback
Summary
Docbook Page 53-54
Explore existing AI tools used for
diagnosis and it’s real life implications
Understand project requirements and
time line required for bringing this
project to life
Apply a speculative design approach
and re-look at the project with a
critical lens
Understand the complexity of each
healthcare system model and how
it differs within privately funded
resource enhanced healthcare
spaces, versus resource constrained
healthcare facilities
Consider medical AI diagnosis, R&D
trial , clinical implementation, medical
regulations, etc.
Ask “what if there was a kiosk, what
would happen to the patients and the
workload?”
In what ways has AI come in and
disrupted human-centricity?
What will this solution do to a public
hospital 5 years from now, will it lead
to further empowerment and make
healthcare more accessible?
What does it mean to have doctors taken
away from the equation of healthcare?
What would the future of work look like?
efficiency, that enhance the healthcare space and experience.
I went on to look at the triaging area as a learning artefact while devising and further ideating
for my design plan.
An emerging question at this stage of the process was - can non-living elements humanise the
space more effectively than human presence?
The trajectories of spacial organisation, digital mediation, and sensory stimulation to
enhance healthcare seemed to converge in the idea presented in this project. Converging
these ideologies facilitated the formation of a critical perspective considering the future of
healthcare through the design intervention.
Kiosk: Hops Webpage

16. A3
Mapping User Demographic
Docbook Page 57
Arun
Persona Building
Arundati
Persona Name:
Arundati
Demographics
Age: 72
Gender: Female
Education/Career:
Retired
Family Status:
Widowed, 3
children
Interests: Reading,
Tennis, Cooking
Future Goals: Health
sustainability by meeting
health requirements
Frustrations: Having to
re-tell personal details
to varying staff members
before every appointment.
Having to remember
booking follow-up
appointments and missing
on the same
Relevance to Context: Eager
to see progress on health
goals
Persona Name: Dhruv
Demographics
Age: 37
Gender: Male
Education/Career:
VLSI Engineer
Family Status: Married
with wife expecting to
deliver in 3 months
Interests: Cricket,
Innovative technology
Future Goals: Family
Planning, Promotion
Frustrations: Low
patience levels,
standing in a que
for checkup before
meeting the doctor
Relevance to Context:
Looking forward to
saving time to spend
on work and with
family
Persona Name:
Sreeja
Demographics
Age: 26
Gender: Non-
binary
Education/Career:
MS student and ER
Doctor
Family Status:
Single
Interests: Travel,
Trekking, Yoga
Future Goals: Becoming
a certified yoga instructor
and doctor
Frustrations: Recent
back pain symptoms
restricting movement and
mobility; Work not giving
her enough time for self
development
Relevance to Context:
Finding the right doctor
for treatment with
experience in treatment
and rehabilitation, being
more efficient at work to
get tasks completed faster.
Persona Name:
Arun
Demographics
Age: 43
Gender: Male
Education/Career:
Doctor
Family Status:
Wife and 2 year old
daughter
Interests: Stock
market study,
patient’s wellbeing
Future Goals: Planning
schedules better, spending
more quality time with
family
Frustrations: Patient
delays in appointments
and emergency calls;
Dealing with upsetting
responses from daughter
during her appointments
Relevance to Context:
Desperate to find an
easier way to provide
daughter with holistic
care.
Sreeja
Dhruv
Persona Building

17. A3 Mapping User Flow
Docbook Page 58-60
Outlining Func
ti
ons of the Digital Product
Outcome: A Digital Intervention to Reduce Patient Load on Healthcare
Staff in Hospitals
Design Concept - Holistic Healthcare System is designed to reduce patient-load on doctors,
nurses and other involved healthcare workers in a space.
By implementing this digital intervention, the average wait-time in hospitals (observed as
about 2 hours currently) could speculatively but plausibly be cut down to 20-30 minutes.
The patient load on receptionists and nurses that undertake the tasks of form-filling, booking
appointments, analysing vitals and symptoms, will be minimised. Additionally, it enhances the
doctor’s efficiency to diagnose and treat the patient.
The design eliminates the initial back and forth between reception, triage room, doctor,
maybe another doctor, a scan and back to the doctor. This process forms a closed loop by
increasing the overall efficiency and saving 83.3-75% of the patient’s time.
How it works: The system collects user data and processes it, mapping the user to the right
doctor using manual assessment and existing data and doctor information. It results in an
‘Organic Re-organisation of Healthcare Spaces’, and reduces wait time and patient frustrations.
The design’s goal is to facilitate the stakeholders to achieve their goal, hereby enhancing the
overall experience, making it more efficient.
Features for patient’s portal include: A personalised data collection and intelligence model,
a custom 3D intractable graphic anatomic mesh to help patients map points of concern,
speech-to-text and audio options, multi-lingual option, and follow-up notifications.
Patient User Flow Part 1 Patient Us
Patient User Flow Part 1 Patient User Flow Part 2
It also allows “the staff to focus less on forms and more on
you.”
“ ”

18. A3 Mapping User Flow
Docbook Page 60-61
Considera
ti
ons
Doctor User Flow
Features for the Doctor’s portal would include a calendar with patient information that
they can choose to listen to on-the-go. This gives them a fair idea and an option to suggest
investigations like X-rays or ECGs that can be carried out before the visit. It also includes
various other features like options to look at their patients progress and testimonials that
one can provide post procedure. There’s also options to connect with other doctors, view
requested scans, and so on. It also allows doctors or consultants to conveniently type in notes
on the app from their place of convenience rather than using the system to do this.
We think about something going wrong a lot, so if patients upload
their progress or personal feedback like their pain was better
after consultation, it helps us feel better — Cardiac Surgeon, an
Interview Participant, (2023)
“
”
Considerations: Usability, inclusivity, the application should be easy to use by patients that
may not be tech-savvy to reach the larger population. Most often patients can locate their
point of pain but not describe it due to less knowledge about the name of the region, the 3D
intractable model is integrated in the system considering this.

19. A3 HHS Kiosk
Docbook Page 61-62
Kiosk (Not to Scale)
The image is a visual representation of the kiosk that is intended to be placed in hospitals.
Machines (BP monitor, oximeter, and a height-weight measuring scale apt with sensors) that
are used for manual vitals assessment are connected to the kiosk, automating the assessment
process by sending data input of the readings into the patients’ health database. For the
application model, this feature can be used to enter data manually or it can skipped and taken
when the patient is physically in the hospital.
The system exists in two individual parts: An application model and a digital kiosk. The two
perform identical functions and are provided as an option to facilitate ease of usability and
accommodate a wider demographic of users. The kiosk can also be used by doctors and other
staff at their workstations on desktops as a web model.

20. A3 Web Design for Healthcare Sta
f
Docbook Page 63
The design visualises an organic re-organisation of hospital spaces on implementation.
This is speculated to happen by addressing pain-points resonating with patients, nurses,
receptionists, doctor, elevating the holistic experience and reducing healthcare staff’s time
and effort.

21. A3 Applica
ti
on Prototype
Docbook Page 64-65
Application Screens Mock-Up Image 1
Goal: Addressing varying pain points across diverse patient demographics with one proposed
digital solution

22. A3 Applica
ti
on Prototype
Docbook Page 65-66
Application Screens Mock-Up Image 2
The application is synchronised with the kiosk and can be used as an effective alternative
for using the functionalities of the system from a distance. It works as an effective tool to
ease patient diagnosis and finding the right doctor, it also widens the doctor’s scope of
intervention.
Design Considerations During Initial User-Feedback Sessions That Helped Develop The
Prototype:
• Language Barrier - Addressing challenges around literacy - how can users use the features
of the application if they are not literate in English or not very good at reading large
amounts of text?
To tackle this I added the language selection, speech recognition and visual interaction
features in the design
• How to simplify the process of communicating user information to doctors without making
it a tedious process?
The doctor receives patient details in advance and can be informed about the symptoms
which will help treating the patient faster and more efficiently - one can do so by listening
to a summary of the patient’s they are bound to see on-the-go
An example of such a case is if the patient is an emergency case, the doctor in-charge can
be informed of the details and communicate pre-operative information in advance to start
preparing for next steps.
• How will the doctor and patient be up-to-date with their schedules without much manual
intervention?
Notifications and calendar schedules will help doctors and patients plan their days
• Designing a solution that does not frustrate the user and operates on the philosophy of
delivering efficiency
• Making ‘user-choice’ available. Giving the user an option to book an appointment with a
desired doctor even though it is not recommended by the system
A video is a compilation of individual screens and (all the mentioned) flows
linked below, explaining the features and working of the proposed design:
Video Link Here
Please access the YouTube link here incase the above link does not work.
Video Link Here
The
fi
gma link to the design prototype
fi
le containing all the
fl
ows is Figma
Design File
Design Considera
ti
ons

23. A3 Further Poten
ti
al for Product Feature Development
Docbook Page 67
Design Simulation
Tutorials and video demonstra
ti
ons
for educa
ti
ng users and easing use
Communica
ti
ng the most suitable
ti
me to leave from home for an
exis
ti
ng appointment by es
ti
ma
ti
ng
tra
ffi
c condi
ti
ons and doctor’s
schedule
Health data can be stored as NFT
ensuring privacy encryp
ti
on and data
security. This can only be accessed by
the user/pa
ti
ent and doctor, upon
pa
ti
en’t or guardians consent.

24. A3 Product Simula
ti
on
Docbook Page 67
User Tes
ti
ng
Design Simulation
Patient User Testing the Mock-up Design

25. A3 Product Simula
ti
on
Docbook Page 69-70
User Tes
ti
ng
Category: Adult patient Category: Adult patient
Category: Dependant Category: Dependant
Category: Young adult patient Category: Adult patient
Category: 80+y/o patient Category: 80+y/o patient
ry: Adult patient Category: Adult patient
ry: Dependant Category: Dependant
Category: Young adult patient Category: Adult patient
Category: 80+y/o patient Category: 80+y/o patient
Mapping Demographic Based On
Age Groups Digital Literacy Income Bracket
In cities the traffic is so bad, if I am travelling from Whitefield
to Varthur to see a patient, it would be helpful if I can get an
idea about the details on the way and suggest investigations.
It will save my time and the patient’s
“ ”

26. A3 Feedback
Docbook Page 71-72
Pa
ti
ent Demographic
Patients Healthcare Staff
Initial concept testing feedback:
• Have an exit option at any point in the
flow, if the patient wants to discontinue
• Ask the patient if they are comfortable
sharing information
An observation I made was that some
patients that were not familiar with the BP
machine, found it challenging to use and
tended to oversee the instructions.
Ideating for this challenge, several other
ways to make this an easier process for
the user is (1) video representation rather
than image, with directions (2) using a
model that one can strap on to the wrist
rather than the upper arm (3) manual
communication or help for the first time.
A common response I received was “this is
extremely useful, it opens up a new way of
accessing healthcare which saves time and
promotes well being too”
“Usually I would have to stand in long ques
or wait for a long time before I can actually
meet the doctor”
Questions that guided my enquiry:
Q - How do patients respond to interactions
and communications in the healthcare
space?
Q - What factors affect their behaviour?
Initial concept testing feedback:
• Have the voice option from the first
screen
• Enable note-taking using the app
• We usually just get an SMS with
basic patient details, this is manually
generated or sent out by receptionists;
The proposed design makes our life a
lot easier and helps us understand the
patient better, and plan our meeting
time and personal time better
Verbal Feedback:
Self-assessment takes away the need for
manual assessment and form-filling
Concerns:
• “Is this possible?”
• “I don’t know if the system will be
accurately able to suggest investigations
without human interference”
Feedback Questions:
Does patient interaction provide job
satisfaction and how can this design ensure
that the human-centricity of healthcare is
not diluted through the intervention?
“When the process becomes so efficient,
people will not consider human-
interference as a positive aspect as it
reduces efficiency and takes away control”
“We check BP and all often so we know how to do it (older users who have the machines at
home)”
Number of Patients
I want to be seen by someone without waiting
“ ”
Age Category Literacy level/Job Description
Quantifying Patient Demographic for User Testing
03-13 Dependant Patient 3 Male, 4 Female School going
21-30 Young Adult Patient 5 Male, 5 Female
Students and Working profes-
sionals
35-55 Adult Patient 4 Male, 3 Female Working professionals in tech
35-55 Adult Patient 4 Male, 2 Female
Working as house help or
security
75+ Old Age Patient 2 Male, 4 Female Retired

27. A3 Future Considera
ti
ons and Scope
Docbook Page 73-76
Specula
ti
ve Cri
ti
cal Evalua
ti
on: Hospitals with
Digital Integra
ti
on A
ft
er 5 Years
Future Challenges and Considerations:
• Will this system lead to doctors being overworked or working outside their work hours?
• Is the data centric approach unsympathetic to patients?
• What aspects of human-centricity does this design model retain and neglect?
• What about the kiosk gives people agency?
The project, as seen, is in the ideation, prototype, and testing phases within the construct of
the pre-thesis time-line. Its future scope lies in the field of diagnostic care and health tracking.
As hospital spaces morph to adapt to a digital world, this project can act as a catalyst for that
transformation. An immersive experience, the project can take the form of a kiosk, which can
be placed at multi-speciality hospitals, community health centres, rural community centres,
hyper-local clinics, and old-age homes. Due to its versatility, it can reach a wider user group
and address more complex pain points across different social and economic classes.
This project also got me thinking about preventing illnesses rather than treating them; this
is where I see the future of healthcare. In India, with a doctor-to-patient ratio of 1.8:100, the
medical system is severely overworked. With periodic reviews and self-checkup facilities, both
of which can be achieved by this project, we can detect, track, and solve critical healthcare
issues before they become worse. With the gathered data, we can also plan better healthcare
for areas in need and deploy resources in an optimized manner. This will contribute to making
healthcare more equitable and accessible. With digitization, monitoring health and access to
healthcare should reach the most distant facets of society, leading to holistic community well-
being and a healthier, happier population.
As visible in the image below, the future lies in immersive experiences facilitated by virtual
interactions.
Hospitals across the world will move toward a data-centric approach in the next five years.
With more avenues to capture, process, and store data, treatments can be tailor-made for an
individual’s body type, lifestyle, diet, and other arbitrary factors. The trial-and-error method
currently used will reduce drastically. As the healthcare ecosystem advances digitally, patients
need to become technologically literate. By promoting self-checkup capabilities, a new culture
of being medically aware will become prevalent, and general health concepts will become
more widespread, reducing the spread of misinformation.
These data-driven approaches to healthcare should be monitored, regulated, and overseen
with a great sense of caution. The ownership of this data should reside with the patient
and should be shared with healthcare providers with their consent, as there is a high
chance of this data being misused if done in an unregulated environment. Data can be
misinterpreted and self-diagnosed information can lead to system errors, which might result
in incorrect diagnosis. These elements need to be considered, worked on and tested before
implementation.
The physical spaces in hospitals will become better equipped in a technological sense, while
the operations of a hospital can become optimized with effective scheduling and triaging. This
effect will also trickle down to smaller clinics and community centres as they are in dire need
of structure.

28. A3 Re
fl
ec
ti
on and Conclusion
Docbook Page 77-78
In one sentence — A passion project, close to my heart.
Images taken in the hospital