3. The area of Catalonia: 32.000 km²
DENMARK
43.000 km2
CATALONI A
32.000 km2
BELGI UM
31.000 km2
ESTONI A
45.000 km2
ROGALAND
9.147 km2
THE NETHERLANDS
41.000 km2
4. Administrative Framework
• Population:
7.134.206 inhabitants
• 15.96% of the Spanish population
• 946 municipalities
• 41 comarques or regions
• 4 provinces: Girona, Lleida, Tarragona and Barcelona
Catalan language
6. Use of language in family relationships and in the community
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Family
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Friends
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Neighbours
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Work
mates
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
School mates
Only
Catalan
More Catalan
than Spanish
Both
More Spanish
than Catalan
Only
Spanish
Other
7. Nursery0-3 years old
Educational Levels
Pre-school3-6 years old
Primary6-12 years old
Secondary12-16 years old
Lifelong Learning+18…. years old
Post Secondary16-18 years old
University
Professional training
+18... years old
University
IES
CEIP
Llar
8. Types of schools
• State schools (Public)
• Grant-aided private schools (Subvention)
• Independent private schools (Private)
School system
11. 11
Background: Political and social context
Democracy and Autonomy: 1975 & 1979
• Political action: Linguistic Normalisation
Law (1983); Language Policy Law (1998)
• School language policies with Catalan
Immersion at school.
• Huge teacher training and modernisation
Post-war social conflict (1939-1975):
• Internal Spanish immigration
• Monolingual school: Spanish
• Foreign languages at school: Latin,
•Greek, French
http://goo.gl/yu9qQ
12. 12
First step: Catalan, language of schooling
Fully endorsed implementation of second language education
methodologies
In Catalonia, since 1983, an action plan for bilingual education has been
implemented to increase learning achievement of both official
languages, Catalan and Spanish, as well as, at least, the learning of one
foreign language.
Applied elsewhere
Quebec
(Canadà)
In some areas of the United
States
Finland
Wales
14. Data of students newly arriving in Catalonia (origin country)
931
981
1.102
1.216
1.377
1.519
1.847
1.931
1.933
2.491
2.502
2.720
3.371
3.788
5.159
5.806
5.962
6.329
14.073
29.561
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000
Bulgària
Veneçuela
Regne Unit
Itàlia
Ucraïna
Rússia
Brasil
Xile
Pakistan
Uruguai
Rep. Dominicana
Gàmbia
Perú
Xina
Argentina
Colòmbia
Bolívia
Romania
Equador
Marroc
From: Servei d’Immersoó i Ús de la llengua, 2008
15. 15
Present situation: plurilingualism
• Political action 2011-2016: Main target: Plurilingualism
• Catalan, Spanish, English +… ) Plurilingual school language policies
• Compulsory third language:
English or French in Primary & Optional German/Italian in Secondary)
• Family languages taught in the school, after hours (optional)
• Teacher training plans, focussed on Reading, CLIL, ePortfolio...
• International immigration: Multilingual society, Plurilingual kids
• Plurilingual school: curricular languages at school (Catalan,
Spanish, English, French, German, Italian) + languages new citizens
17. 17
Catalan educational policies focus on…
Inclusion:
Consolidating social cohesion
with inclusive education, and enriching
citizenship in diversity.
ESPRONCEDA School
Competencies:
Providing citizens in new generations with
the necessary competencies for
employability, sustainability and flexibility to
face future unexpected challenges.
18. 18
Plurilingualism Framework
Linguistic Project
Learn and understand
Languages of instruction or
curricular foreign languages
Spanish, English, French,
German, Italian
Language of schooling
Catalan / Occitan
Chinese, Arabic, Urdu, Romanian,
Tamazight, Ukrainian, Dutch ...
Personal itinerary languages
19. 20
CatalàCatalà CastellàCastellà Foreign
language
Foreign
language Foreign
language
Foreign
language
• Schools with highly linguistic diversity
• Schools with most Catalan speaking students but with
increasing presence of other languages
Fit the linguistic project to each particular situation:
Other family
languages
Other family
languages
AranèsAranès
• Schools with predominance of Spanish speakers
Challenges
20. Speak Catalan
Speak Catalan and
Spanish
Speak Spanish
Speak neither Catalan nor Spanish,
But speak other languages
Know both
official
languages
(Catalan &
Spanish) and
communicate,
at least, in one
foreign
language
Starting
school:
On finishing
compulsory
schooling:
The School
provides every student
the linguistic skills
needed to become
competent and
engaged citizens
applying
second
language
methodologies
21. Language and Plurilingualism
reading, speaking, writing, listening, inter-acting
in several languages
Dealing with diversity for
empowering rights and duties
22. 23
Learning several languages develops more
competent citizens
Plurilingual
Knowledge
Communication
skills
Intercultural
Dialogue
Competencies for a shared future
- team working
- networking
- bridging cultural gaps
- flexibility, plural criteria
- critical thinking
- innovation and entrepreneurship
- personal learning autonomy
- language learning ability,
- mass media competences
- creativity, artistic sensitivity
- ... … …
Knowledge
Attitudes
Procedures
23. The Plurilingual Project:
common aims and shared challenges in Europe
• Identity building
Accepting diversity
and cultural difference
as collective richness
and shared opportunity
• Community building
Facing immigration
and growth with social
cohesion
and active citizenship
• Knowledge building
Developing skills for lifelong learning in a global context,
and acquiring key competencies relevant to the labour
market.
Adapted from: Leonard Orban, Commissionate for Multilingual Portfolio, EU
La coherència i la continuitat educativa han de ser un continuum en tot el procés d‘aprenentatge i desenvolupament de l’alumnat
In Catalonia, since 1983, an action plan for bilingual education has been implemented to increase learning achievement of both official languages, Catalan and Spanish, as well as, at least, the learning of one foreign language.
That methodology has been widely essayed in different countries. The map only shows a few samples: Canada (French in Quebec), USA (English in areas with strong immigration from Spanish speaking origin), Finland (Finnish in areas with Swedish speaking minorities; Vaasa is a university of reference in this field), Wales (Welsch, United Kingdom), Italy (Friulian or Romansch in Friule).
But also:
German: South Tirol (in Italy), Alsace (in France).
• Irish Gaèlic: in Ireland.
• Breton: western Brittany (in France).
• Basque: Basque Country, Navarra (in Spain) and North of Euskadi (in France).
•Catalan: in Catalonia, Valencia (Valencian strand schools), Balearic Islands (basically in State schools), Catalan speaking area in the South of France ( La Bressola, Arrels and bilingual strands in some state schools), in the infant school La Costura in the Alghero (isle of Sardinia, in Italy)
• Occitan: in Occitany (France), Vall d’Aran (Spain).
Context de l’acollida: es produeix un canvi important en la societat a Catalunya que repercuteix en el sistema escolar de la manera següent:
Augmenta la proporció d’alumnat de procedència estrangera
Augmenta la diversitat lingüística i cultural
(Aquests continguts ja s’han explicat al tema 1. La realitat sociolingüística del nostre alumnat)
Children arrive in school knowing their family language (whatever that is). Some of them are monolingual. Other pupils are bilingual in catalan and spanish or, in some cases, in other languages. For instance, students born in Pakistan: they usually speak urdu, but they often also know panjabi, patani, even english...
The Linguistic Policy Act no. 1/1998 , orders that the catalan education system must assure the right to know both official languages. So, the role of the school is: providing every student the linguistic skills to reach the competence in our two official languages, regardless of their family language, ON FINISHING COMPULSORY SCHOOLING, at 16 (Competence means be able to use correctly and fluently catalan and spanish). In addition to catalan and spanish, students at 16 also must be able to communicate, at least, in one foreign language.
In fact, knowing both official languages guarantees equal rights to the citizens in our country. So, teaching in catalan, is not only a way of teaching and learning: we are also talking about equity and social cohesion.
