1. World War I

2. Deep attachments to one’s
own nation helped unify the
people and helped create
competition
Nationalism

3. Nations seeking economic
growth and expansion
Establish and expand global
empires
Imperialism

4. Strong competition for control
of area
Austria-Hungary annexed
Bosnia-Herzegovinia
Balkan Wars

5. Build-up of military forces
among nations
Strong military competition
Militarism

6. Hardening of alliance systems
Triple Alliance—
Triple Entente—
Russia was traditionally
Serbia’s protector
Alliances

7. Triple Alliance
Germany
Italy
Austria-Hungary

8. Triple Entente
Great Britain
Russia
France

9. Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to
Austro-Hungarian throne, and wife,
Killed June 28, 1914 in
Sarajevo by Serbian Black Hand
member, Gavrilo Princip
Assassination

10. Austria issued ultimatum to Serbia;
Serbia partially agreed July 25
Summer of 1914
Franz Ferdinand assassinated June 28
Austria declared war on Serbia July 28

11. Russia mobilized to help Serbia July 30
Germany pledged to support Austria
Germany declared war on Russia Aug 1
France allied with Russia

12. Germany invaded Belgium Aug 3
Germany declared war on France Aug 3
Britain declared war on Germany Aug 4
World War I Begins………..

13. Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary,
Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire

14. Allied
Powers
Great Britain, France,
Russia, Serbia, Belgium,
US, Japan,
Montenegro,
Italy

15. The Battles Begin
 Schlieffen Plan—Germany’s war plan
 drawn up in 1905
 called for invasion of neutral Belgium
 assumed slow Russian mobilization
 allow for quick defeat of French

16. Problems with Schlieffen Plan
 Invaded heavily fortified area of Belgium
 Great Britain involved after invasion
 Encountered strong resistance
 Russian army mobilized quickly
 Split Germany forces in East

17. Downfall of Schlieffen Plan
 France attacked Germans in Alsace-
Lorraine
 Caused delay in German advance
 Battle of Marne caused German retreat
 Signaled abandonment of Schlieffen Plan
 Realized war would not end quickly

18. Germany’s
unrestricted
submarine
warfare
Zimmerman
Telegram
Sinking of 4
US merchant
ships
US declares
war on
Germany
April 6, 1917
US entry into World War I

19. Modern War
 Submarine warfare
 Use to get around blockades and attack enemy shipping
 Rapid fire machine guns
 Led to trench warfare
 Trench warfare
 Thousands of miles of ditches for protection
 Tanks
 Designed to break through barbed wire
 Airplanes
 Primary function—to observe enemy activities
 Poison gas
 Introduced by Germans to help break stalemates

20. The Home Front
 Selective Service – 2.8 million drafted
War Industries Board –
coordinate production of war
materials
 Daylight savings time
 Bonds – Liberty and Victory

21. Women’s Roles
 Women
 Fill jobs in factories
 Military service
• Allowed to enlist in Navy
• Fill temporary jobs in Army
• Army nurses were only military women allowed to
go overseas

22. African Americans
 Served in segregated units in military
 “Great Migration”
 Movement from South to North to fill factory
jobs

23. Web of War
SerbiaAustria-
Hungary
Germany Russia
France
Treaty
Declared war on
Treaty
Treaty
Declared war on

24. FranceGermany
United
States
Great
Britain
Italy
Declared war on
Treaty
Belgium
Japan
Declaredwaron
Australia
Canada
India
New Zealand
Union of
S.Africa
Colonial
Territories

25.  1917 Russia pulls out
• Closing Eastern front
• American troops arrive
 1918
 Allies launch Meuse-Argonne Offensive
• Final assault
 Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates
 Germany surrenders
 War ends 11th Hour of 11th
Day of 11th Month 1918

26. Treaty of Versailles
 “Big Four” : United States, Great Britain,
France, Italy
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
 Plan for peace after war
 League of Nations
•General association of nations
 Help preserve peace
 Help prevent future wars

27. Treaty of Versailles….cont’d
 Congress never signed Treaty of Versailles
 US never member of League of Nations
 Germany’s punishment
 Accept blame for causing war
 Reduce military
 Pay war reparations

28. Effects of WWI on US
 Developments in War
 War-torn economies of
Europe
 Russian Revolution
 Industrial demand of
wartime
 Sacrifices of wartime;
disappointment with
Versailles Peace
Treaty
 Effects on US
 Boom in US economy;
emergence of US as
world industrial leader
 “Red Scare” in
postwar US; suspicion
of immigrants
 Internal migration in
US, especially African
Americans to Northern
cities
 Failure to join League
of Nations

29. The End