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Digital Media &
Society
Professor Tony Julien
Week 4 Overview
Week 4 we will be focussing on:
• Introduction to the Legal System
• Digital Copyright Basics
• Communication Privacy
• Digital Ethics
CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
Introduction to the Legal System
• Digital media Law encompasses all statutes,
administrative rules and court decisions that
impact digital technology
• Technology changes so the laws have to change
• Laws are made up of:
• Constitutions
• Statutes
• Executive Orders
• Administrative Agencies and Federal Departments
• Common Law and Law of Equity
CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
The Structure of the Court System
• The Federal Court System
• Supreme Court
• Court of Appeals
• District Court
• The State Court System
• Most Litigation of Digital Media
• State courts are the Ultimate Decision
Makers
CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
Types of Law
CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
• Civil Law• Criminal Law
Types of Law
• Criminal Law
• Addresses violations against the state
(individuals are included)
• Grand Juries and Preliminary Hearings—
Anyone committing a Federal Crime
• Arraignment—Accuser is formally charged
• The Jury— 12 for federal courts and as
few as 6 for state courts
• Appeal—Can appeal is law is misapplied
CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
Types of Law
• Civil Law
• Seeks to resolve non-criminal disputes
• Conflicts over contracts, ownership of
property, inheritance or domestic relations
• Civil Procedure—No prosecutor
• Summary Judgment—Case can be judged
without a trial
• Remedies—Judge may order fines for
compensatory and/or punitive damages
• Doctrine of Respondeat Superior—
People can sue employee and employer
CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
Digital Copyright Basics
• In 1980, Congress amended the Copyright Act
to give express copyright protection to
software.
• Copyright law grants the copyright holder
exclusive rights
CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
What is Covered Under
Copyright Law?
CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
• Literary works: novel, stories, articles,
advertisement text, manuals, and so
forth
• Computer programs
• Musical works and sound recordings
• Choreography
• Visual arts
• Motion picture & audiovisual works
• Architectural works
What is Covered Under Copyright
Law?
• Includes Digital Media
• To get a copyright for a digital product:
• A printout, storage on a hard drive, network
storage, diskette, or ROM chip.
• Duration:
• Individual— Life of the author plus 70 years
• Corporation (work for hire): 95 years from first
publication or 120 years from creation,
whichever is shorter.
CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
Public Domain
• Anyone can copy, distribute, and make
derivatives of works without permission
• Copyright law protects works even without
registration.
• Works published after March 1, 1989 are
protected by copyright law— Good idea to
copyright in any case
CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
Derivative Works
• You must obtain permission from the original
owner in order to produce a derivative work;
e.g. creating a movie from a published book
Infringement
• Violation of copyright law is criminal.
• Direct Infringement.
• Contributory Infringement
• Vicarious Infringement
• Inducing Infringement
CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
Work For Hire
CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
• If employee develops a
work, it belongs to the
employer — employer is
author.
• If independent contractor
develops a work under
contract with a customer,
the independent contractor
will own the copyright.
Unless contract states
otherwise.
Communication Privacy
CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
• Important to keep anonymity
when in an online environment.
In other words, not being
identifiable.
• They all have varying levels of:
• Protection goals
• Security levels
• Attacker models
• Trust models
Proxies
• Website proxy — connects your computer over
the Internet to a proxy server, which connects
to the viewable website. Keeps your computer/
IP address anonymous on the Internet.
• Proxy Chain— using more than one proxy to
strengthen privacy
Crowds
• Activities of each single user can be hidden
within the activities of many other users.
CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
Broadcast
• Works like a TV/ Radio: All participants get
information and they chose what to connect to
via a station or channel
RING Network
• The stations are circularly cabled and if a
station sends a message, this message is sent
in succession at least once to every station in
the RING. The recipient becomes anonymous
and unobservable as well.
CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
Buses
• Works like a bus, where data is passed along a
network and is difficult to track
DC-Network
• This technique realizes that every station sends
its message or a meaningless one at a fixed
point in time and the superposition of these
messages will be received by all stations.
CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
Mixes
• Uses public key cryptography and designed for
e-mail systems to provide sender, recipient and
relationship anonymity without the need of a
central trusted service.
• A chain of proxies following one after another
Private information retrieval (PIR)
• Allows users to retrieve an item from another
party (e.g., querying a database or a news
server) without revealing which item he is
interested in.
CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
TED Talk
• Damon Horowitz on TED Talk, talks about what
we SHOULD do with people’s data/ and the
power we possess.
• Should we collect data to make people’s lives
“better?”
• How do we develop a Moral Framework?
• Are there “Truths in Justice?”
• How do we make ethical decisions with our
technology?
• Enjoy!
CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
Credits (Creative Commons)
• Image of Contract.
• Image of Handcuffs
• Image of Art
• Image of Books
• Men working
• Woman with mask
CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien

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Week 4 — overview

  • 1. Digital Media & Society Professor Tony Julien Week 4 Overview
  • 2. Week 4 we will be focussing on: • Introduction to the Legal System • Digital Copyright Basics • Communication Privacy • Digital Ethics CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
  • 3. Introduction to the Legal System • Digital media Law encompasses all statutes, administrative rules and court decisions that impact digital technology • Technology changes so the laws have to change • Laws are made up of: • Constitutions • Statutes • Executive Orders • Administrative Agencies and Federal Departments • Common Law and Law of Equity CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
  • 4. The Structure of the Court System • The Federal Court System • Supreme Court • Court of Appeals • District Court • The State Court System • Most Litigation of Digital Media • State courts are the Ultimate Decision Makers CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
  • 5. Types of Law CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien • Civil Law• Criminal Law
  • 6. Types of Law • Criminal Law • Addresses violations against the state (individuals are included) • Grand Juries and Preliminary Hearings— Anyone committing a Federal Crime • Arraignment—Accuser is formally charged • The Jury— 12 for federal courts and as few as 6 for state courts • Appeal—Can appeal is law is misapplied CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
  • 7. Types of Law • Civil Law • Seeks to resolve non-criminal disputes • Conflicts over contracts, ownership of property, inheritance or domestic relations • Civil Procedure—No prosecutor • Summary Judgment—Case can be judged without a trial • Remedies—Judge may order fines for compensatory and/or punitive damages • Doctrine of Respondeat Superior— People can sue employee and employer CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
  • 8. Digital Copyright Basics • In 1980, Congress amended the Copyright Act to give express copyright protection to software. • Copyright law grants the copyright holder exclusive rights CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
  • 9. What is Covered Under Copyright Law? CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien • Literary works: novel, stories, articles, advertisement text, manuals, and so forth • Computer programs • Musical works and sound recordings • Choreography • Visual arts • Motion picture & audiovisual works • Architectural works
  • 10. What is Covered Under Copyright Law? • Includes Digital Media • To get a copyright for a digital product: • A printout, storage on a hard drive, network storage, diskette, or ROM chip. • Duration: • Individual— Life of the author plus 70 years • Corporation (work for hire): 95 years from first publication or 120 years from creation, whichever is shorter. CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
  • 11. Public Domain • Anyone can copy, distribute, and make derivatives of works without permission • Copyright law protects works even without registration. • Works published after March 1, 1989 are protected by copyright law— Good idea to copyright in any case CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
  • 12. Derivative Works • You must obtain permission from the original owner in order to produce a derivative work; e.g. creating a movie from a published book Infringement • Violation of copyright law is criminal. • Direct Infringement. • Contributory Infringement • Vicarious Infringement • Inducing Infringement CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
  • 13. Work For Hire CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien • If employee develops a work, it belongs to the employer — employer is author. • If independent contractor develops a work under contract with a customer, the independent contractor will own the copyright. Unless contract states otherwise.
  • 14. Communication Privacy CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien • Important to keep anonymity when in an online environment. In other words, not being identifiable. • They all have varying levels of: • Protection goals • Security levels • Attacker models • Trust models
  • 15. Proxies • Website proxy — connects your computer over the Internet to a proxy server, which connects to the viewable website. Keeps your computer/ IP address anonymous on the Internet. • Proxy Chain— using more than one proxy to strengthen privacy Crowds • Activities of each single user can be hidden within the activities of many other users. CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
  • 16. Broadcast • Works like a TV/ Radio: All participants get information and they chose what to connect to via a station or channel RING Network • The stations are circularly cabled and if a station sends a message, this message is sent in succession at least once to every station in the RING. The recipient becomes anonymous and unobservable as well. CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
  • 17. Buses • Works like a bus, where data is passed along a network and is difficult to track DC-Network • This technique realizes that every station sends its message or a meaningless one at a fixed point in time and the superposition of these messages will be received by all stations. CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
  • 18. Mixes • Uses public key cryptography and designed for e-mail systems to provide sender, recipient and relationship anonymity without the need of a central trusted service. • A chain of proxies following one after another Private information retrieval (PIR) • Allows users to retrieve an item from another party (e.g., querying a database or a news server) without revealing which item he is interested in. CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
  • 19. TED Talk • Damon Horowitz on TED Talk, talks about what we SHOULD do with people’s data/ and the power we possess. • Should we collect data to make people’s lives “better?” • How do we develop a Moral Framework? • Are there “Truths in Justice?” • How do we make ethical decisions with our technology? • Enjoy! CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien
  • 20. Credits (Creative Commons) • Image of Contract. • Image of Handcuffs • Image of Art • Image of Books • Men working • Woman with mask CMST 301 Digital Media & Society • Professor Julien