15 sky cars

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Sky - Cars
SOLO HERMELIN
Updated: 27.10.07
12.04.15http://www.solohermelin.com

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Table of Content
Sky CarsSOLO
Introduction
Sky Cars in 1940s
Ultralight Helicopters
Homebuilt Airplanes
Mosquito Light Sport Helicopter
Flying Platforms
Hiller VZ-1
Gluharev_meg, Lockner-helicovector, Personal Rocket Belt
PAM 100B ILV
SoloTrek XFV (Exo-skeletal Flying Vehicle(
Duo Trek (Millennium Jet(
Williams X-Jet
Trek Aerospace Dragonfly, Springtail
Flying Jeeps
Chrysler VZ-6
Curtiss-Wright VZ-7
Piasecki VZ-8P
AVRO Canada AVROCAR

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Table of Content (continue – 1(
Sky CarsSOLO
Tilt Systems (Wings/ Engines(
VZ-2 VTOL Aircraft
Ryan VZ-3RY Vertiplane
Doak VZ-4Ducted Fan
Fairchild VZ-5 Fledgling
Bell X-22A
Nord Aviation N500 Cadet
FMX-4 Facetmobile
CarterCopter
M400 Moller Skycar
Metraton LPV by Kulicov Aircraft Co
VTOL City Hawk
X-Hawk
Sikorsky Cypher I and II
Kestrel PAV
KA007 Kulikov Aircraft Company
NASA Gridlock Commuter

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Sky CarsSOLO
Skyblazer
Terrafugia
Terrafugia TF-X™
AeroMobil Flying Car
The Honda Fuzo Concept Flying Car
Futuristic Personal Aircraft
LaBiche FSC-1 Flying Car
SkyRider Concept
Skywalker VTOL
Humming, AeroCopter Inc.
Verticopter of Garrow Aircraft
Elytron VTOL
Flying Car - Pal-V One
DARPA's Transformer TX 'flying Humvee' project
Lockheed Martin Transformer (TX(
K089 Manned Autonomous Air Vehicle (MAAV(
K099 single-seat manned autonomous tiltwing (MATW(
K0123 convertiplane
Samson Switchblade

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Sky CarsSOLO
Main Requirements for a door-to-door SkyCar
Design Requirements
SkyCraft Avionics
Summary and Conclusion

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Introduction
Sky Cars
The Car and the Air Vehicle where developed in parallel, in the same time at the beginning of
twenty century. They incorporate now advanced technologies that allows safety autonomous
control, although man intervention is mandatory. The technology allows full traffic control on the
ground and in the air.
During this period much effort was done to unify those technologies in one vehicle,
in order to reduce the point-to-point travel time. This increase also the safety problems for the
crew and the ground environment, in case of malfunctions or unwise handling of the vehicle
controls.
Until now those efforts were not completely successful. The requirements for the Sky Car are
not universally defined.
In my opinion technologically we are ready to design and produce a Sky Car.
In this presentation I make a short (not complete( summary of the efforts made to obtain a flying
car, and the aerodynamic efforts that can be used also for the Sky Car.
In the second part I will state the Main Requirements (my view( for the Sky Car, and derive the
Design Requirement that satisfy the Main Requirements.
My hope is that this will lead to consolidate many development groups with proper founding.
The goal is to compete the design in 2 to 3 years, and start production after 2 more years.
We know that the Americans landed on the Moon, fifty years ago, in less than 10 years
(on July 20, 1969( from the John Kennedy’s speech (May 25, 1961( that defined this goal.
SOLO
Return to Table of Content

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Sky Cars
In the February 1948 edition of National
Geographic magazine F. Barrows Colton
captioned this picture with the words:
When the ConvAirCar buzzed San Diego for
more than an hour during a trial flight in
November 1947 hopes rose as high as the
hybrid craft itself. Would commuters soon be
able to choose between highway and skyway?
The 725 pound auto-plane prototype had a
detachable fiberglass car body that people
could drive like any other car.
http://glostransporthistory.visit-gloucestershire.co.uk/C
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SOLO
http://www.propcopter.com/
Ultralight Helicopters
Sky Cars

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SOLO
http://www.homebuiltairplanes.com/forums/supplier-manufacturer-announcements/13231-rc-trikes-mi
Homebuilt Airplanes
Sky Cars

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Mosquito_1 helicopter
http://www.gizmag.com/go/4628/
http://www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/mosquito.php
http://www.innovator.mosquito.net.nz/mbbs2/index.asp
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0dC5ztahs4#t=49
YouTube: Mosquito Light Sport Helicopter
US$23,000 per kit & US$4,000 to assembly
US$20,000 per kit & US$4,000 to assembly
First Flight September 21, 2005
SOLO
Mosquito Light Sport Helicopter
Sky Cars

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Hiller VZ-1
1953-1955
Hiller VZ-1E
Sky Cars
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiller_VZ-1_Pawnee
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GgNlumaVPDw
YouTube: Hiller VZ-1
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Gluharev_meg_1 (1957(
Gluharev_meg_3 (1958(
Lockner-helicovector (1956(
Sky Cars
http://www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/lockner_helicovector.php
http://lemur59.ru/node/470
http://www.canosoarus.com/
PERSONAL
ROCKET BELT
1995
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The PAM 100B has an empty weight of
about 300 kilograms (660 pounds), a
maximum payload of about 200
kilograms (440 pounds), top speed of
about 100 KPH (60 MPH), and a range
of about 40 kilometers (25 miles). The
company envisions it as useful for
applications such as cattle ranching or
low-volume crop spraying.
The PAM 100B looks like an interesting
amalgam of different early flying
platform designs. It is built around a
simple tubular frame with skids, about 3
meters (10 feet) across, fitted with twin
two-cycle, four-cylinder Hirth F-30
piston engines with 145 kW (195 HP)
each, with each driving a 2.8 meter (9
foot 8 inch) rotor, with the twin rotors
arranged fore and aft. The platform can
in principle be safely landed on a single
engine.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAM_100B_Individual_Lifting_Vehicle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fbqTfUSaFPQ
First flight in June 1994
SOLO Sky Cars
PAM 100B ILV

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Sky Cars
Solo Trek XFV
2nd
Generation
Millennium Jet
Sunnyvale, California
Uses ordinary gasoline
Speed 70 mph
Cruise 2 + hours
Distance 120 + miles
before refueling
Includes autoparashuting
Gross Weight 800 lbs
Fuel Weight 98 lbs
Payload (net of fuel) 352 lbs
Empty Weight 350 lbs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SoloTrek_XFV
The SoloTrek XFV (Exo-skeletal Flying Vehicle)
was a single-person VTOL aircraft. It was first
flown in December 2001 by Millennium Jet Inc, a
private company run by Michael Moshier
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Sky Cars
Duo Trek
Millennium Jet
Uses ordinary gasoline
Speed 60 mph
Cruise 3 hours
Distance 150 miles
before refueling
Includes autoparashuting
http://www.vectorsite.net/index.html
SOLO
http://craymond.no-ip.info/awk/avplatfm.html

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Trek Aerospace
Dragonfly
SpringtailOn October 20th 2003, Springtail (TM(
their fourth generation single person Vertical
Takeoff and Landing (VTOL( aircraft,
successfully completed its first untethered
hover. Springtail is their latest model to fly
and is the only version to free hover. During
the first half of 2004, the company says it is
implementing upgrades and design
enhancements on this model.
The company has also designed an
operable "UMR" (unmanned,
manned and/or remote( vehicle
known as Dragonfly (TM( UMR-1.
They have completed a full size
mock-up as part of their pre-flight
development.
http://www.roadabletimes.com
http://www.uberreview.com/2009/05/trek-aerospa
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Trek Aerospace
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http://www.vectorsite.net/index.html
There was actually a jet-powered
flying platform. In the mid-1960s,
engine manufacturer Williams
Research developed a light turbofan
engine, the "WR19", with a thrust of
1.91 kN (195 kgp / 430 lbf), which was
actually used in a "flying belt" that
could be strapped on somebody's back
to allow flights of up to 20 minutes.
SOLO
Sky Cars

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Chrysler VZ-6 Flying Jeep
Length 6.55 m
Propeller Diameter 2.59 m
Height 1.57 m
Engine Lycoming piston engine (500 skp)
All-up Weight 1088 kg
Crew 1
Sky Cars
The Chrysler VZ-6 was an American VTOL
ducted-fan test vehicle designed and built by
Chrysler for the United States Army Flying Jeep
competition
First flight 1959
Number built 2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysler_VZ-6 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYnU68U1jz4
YouTube: Sky Jeeps: Doak VZ-4, Chrysler VZ-6,
& Short SC-1 VTOL Tethered Hovering Tests
1960 NASA Langley
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Sky Cars
Chrysler VZ-6 Flying Jeep In 1957 the U.S. Army Transportation Research Command
called for tenders from U.S. industrial companies to provide utility vehicles capable of
vertical take-off and landing for use in observation, liason and combat duties. They
were to be operated at very low altitudes of 5 to 12 feet, and were intended to be used
over terrain such as swamps, lakes and rivers that would be inaccessible to regular land
vehicles. Operating speeds of approximately 70 mph were envisioned, desired payload
was 1000 pounds, and flight endurance was to be several hours.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysler_VZ-6
Chrysler VZ-6 Flying Jeep
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Curtiss-Wright VZ-7 (1958( or “Flying Truck” had 4 propellers driven by a single 317 kWatt
turboshaft engine mounted underneath the central beam. The props were originally ducted
but the ducts were removed after first tests. The aircraft was guided by differential pitch
between the propellers, and a rudder in the turbine shaft. VZ-7 handled well and was easy
to fly, but it did not meet either altitude or speed requirement, and was abandoned in 1960.
Gross Weight 770 kg
Payload 250 kg
5.2m long
4.9m wide
Sky Cars
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_VZ-7
SOLO
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Gross Weight 1100 kg
Payload 550 kg
Length 7.9 m
Wide 2.7 m
Piasecki VZ-8P (1958( had two ducted 2.4 propellers each with its own engine (three
engine improvements( with a linkage designed such that if one engine failed the other
can drive.
Piasecki VZ-8P (B(
Sky Cars
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piasecki_VZ-8_Airgeep
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4SERvwWALOM
YouTube: Piasecki VZ-8 Airgeep
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AVRO Canada AVROCAR
Diameter 5.48 m
Rotor Diameter 1.52 m
Height 1.77 m
Engine Continental J69-T-9 Turbojet x3
Max Speed 480 km/h
Range 1,600 km
Crew 2
Sky Cars
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Canada_VZ-9_Avrocar
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2nDCBB95tUI
YouTube: The Avrocar (Canada/USA, 1952-1961)
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Tilt Wing VZ-2 (1957 – 1960)
Length 8.05 m
Rotor Diameter 2.90 m
Width 7.60 m
Height 3.25 m
Engine Lycoming 700 hp
Crew 1
Sky Cars
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertol_VZ-2
YouTube: VZ-2 VTOL Aircraft: "Flight Tests of
US Army VZ-2" 1960 NASA Langley Research
Centerhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xluZ74K5818
General characteristics
•Crew: one pilot
•Capacity: 1 passenger/observer
•Length: 26 ft 5 in (8.05 m)
•Wingspan: 24 ft 11 in (7.59 m)
•Diameter: 9 ft 6 in (2.90 m)
•Height: 15 ft 0 in (4.57 m)
•Empty weight: 3,700 lb (1,678 kg)
•Powerplant: 1 × Avco Lycoming YT53-L-1
turboshaft, 700 hp (522 kW)
Performance
•Maximum speed: 210 mph (340 km/h)
•Range: 130 miles (210 km)
•Service ceiling: 13,800 ft (4,200 m)
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Ryan VZ-3RY Vertiplane (1958)
Length 8.43 m
Wing Span 7.14 m
Height 3.25 m
Engine Abco-Lycoming T53-L-I
Crew 1
Sky Cars
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_VZ-3_Vertiplane
•Crew: One
•Length: 27 ft 8 in (8.43 m)
•Height: 10 ft 8 in (3.25 m)
•Gross weight: 2,600 lb (1,179 kg)
•Powerplant: 1 × Avco Lycoming T53-L-
1 turboshaft, 1,000 shp (750 kW)
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Doak VZ-4Ducted Fan
Length 9.75 m
Width 7.77 m
Height 3.05 m
Engine Lycoming YT543 (840 skp) X1
Max Speed 370 km/h
Service Ceiling 1830m
Range 370 km
Crew 2
Sky Cars
The Doak VZ-4 (or Doak Model 16) was an
American prototype Vertical Takeoff and Landing
(VTOL) aircraft built in the 1950s for service in
the United States Army. Only a single prototype
was built, and the U.S. Army withdrew it from
active trials in 1963.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doak_VZ-4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vbVN1JQGY8
YouTube: Doak VZ-4 VTOL Aircraft "Army R
and D Progress Report 1" 1960 US Army
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Fairchild VZ-5 Fledgling
Length 10.26 m
Height 5.13 m
Engine YT58-GE-2 Turboshaft (1024 skp) X1
Max Speed 297 km/h
Crew 2
Sky Cars
http://www.vstol.org/VSTOLWheel/Fairchild224VZ-5Fledgling.htm
The Fairchild M-224-1 Fledgling was powered by a
1,024 shp General Electric YT58-GE-2 turboshaft
engine turning four three-bladed Harzell metal
propellers. The open cockpit had room for the pilot
as well as a jump seat. The aircraft could either sit
on its forward tricycle landing gear or rest on its two
main wheels and a tail skid, providing the Fledgling
with 30° of inherent rotation to enhance the
"bucket's" effectiveness. Small rotors at the top of
the T-tail controlled pitch during hover. Tethered
tests were made in late 1959, but it never flew.
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Bell X-22A Year 1966
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XP9pyixoSAQ
YouTube: X-22A in FS2004
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_X-22
•Crew: two + six passengers
•Length: 39 ft 7 in (12.07 m)
•Wingspan (front wing): 22.916 ft (6.98 m)
•Height: 20 ft 8 in (6.31 m)
•Empty weight: 10,478 lb (4,753 kg)
•Max takeoff weight: 17,644 lb (8,003 kg)
•Powerplant: 4 × General Electric-YT58-GE-8D turboshaft engines, 1,267 hp (945 kW) each
•Propellers: three-bladed propellers mounted in wingtip swivelling ducts, 7 ft 0 in (2.13 m) diameter
Performance
•Maximum speed: 221 kn (254 mph; 409 km/h)
•Hover ceiling in ground effect : 12,000 ft (3,658 m)
•Hover ceiling out of ground effect : 6,000 ft (1,829 m)
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Nord Aviation N500 Cadet
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Aviation_N_500_Cadet
First flight 1967
•Crew: 1
•Length: 6.58 m (21 ft 7 in)
•Wingspan: 6.14 m (20 ft 2 in)
•Max takeoff weight: 1,250 kg (2,756 lb)
•Powerplant: 1 × Allison T63 turboshaft,
236 kW (316 hp)
Performance
•Maximum speed: 350 km/h (217 mph;
189 kn)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pghVJ2WkBBM
Nord 500 Cadet ducted fan VTOL concept July 23, 1968
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Sky Cars
Barnaby Wainfan’s full-size Facetmobile sits in pieces behind him.
This radio-controlled version of the two-seat Facetmobile, the FMX-5.
The Wainfan FMX-4 Facetmobile is an American homebuilt aircraft designed by Barnaby
Wainfan, a Northrop Grumman aerodynamicist and homebuilt aircraft engineer.
While only one Facetmobile prototype was produced, it has become well known due to its unique
nature. The aircraft is unusual in that it is a lifting body - the whole aircraft acts as a low aspect
ratio wing: a flat, angular lifting shape, while lacking actual wings
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wainfan_Facetmobile
•Crew: 1
•Length: 19 ft 6 in (5.94 m)
•Wingspan: 15 ft (4.6 m)
•Wing area: 214 sq ft (19.9 m2
)
•Empty weight: 370 lb (168 kg)
•Gross weight: 740 lb (336 kg)
•Fuel capacity: 10-13 gallons
•Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 503 DC , 50 hp (37 kW)
•Propellers: 3-bladed GSC
Performance
•Maximum speed: 96 kn (110 mph; 178 km/h)
•Cruise speed: 80 kn (92 mph; 148 km/h)
•Stall speed: 29 kn; 53 km/h (33 mph)
•Rate of climb: 750 ft/min (3.8 m/s)
•Wing loading: 3.45 lb/sq ft (16.8 kg/m2
)
First flight 22 April 1993
Number built 1
FMX-4 Facetmobile
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Sky Cars
CarterCopter
Carter Aviation Technologies
VTOL Skycraft 2009
Cruise at 400 mph at 50 kft 230 mph at sea
level
Uses a rotor for take off and landing ,a
small wing and a pusher propeller for
high speed cruise. The rotor is powered
only prior to take off and is in
autorotation during flight. In high speed
the rotor
is basically unloaded so is no retreating
blade stall and the rotor RPM is low to
reduce drag.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CarterCopter
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qh6ZCXBiRSQ
YouTube: CarterCopter Recap and Future
Capabilities - Changing the Way we Fly
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carter_PAV
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http://nextbigfuture.com/2012/03/darpa-flying-hummer-should-have-
Using Cartercopter's slowed rotor/compound technology, AAI's TX is essentially an
autogyro with wings. In forward flight, lift transfers to the wing and the 50ft-diameter
rotor slows until it is rotating solely to provide stability. Compared with a conventional
helicopter, this reduces rotor drag. Retractable suspension pulls the wheels up into
their wells to further reduce drag in flight. To land, the vehicle autorotates, the high-
inertia, tip-weighed blades storing enough energy to enable a "zero-roll" touchdown.
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Sky Cars
M400 Moller Skycar
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moller_M400_Skycar
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In April 2009, the National Post characterized the Moller M400 Skycar as a 'failure', and described
the Moller company as "no longer believable enough to gain investors".[7]
On May 18, 2009, Dr.
Moller has filed for personal protection under the Chapter 11 reorganization provisions of the
federal bankruptcy law
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M400 Moller Skycar
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Sky Cars
Metraton LPV by Kulicov Aircraft Co. of Chicago is a Martin Lawrence design. It is a
four-poster (quad) using seven-foot diameter ducted fans. LPV requires 10,000
horsepower to carry a payload of 800 pounds plus fuel. This lightweight VTOL was
designed for rise high building fire emergency rescue operations, disaster relief and
emergency bridge and tower repair. The twin Allison/RollsRoyce C250-class powerplant
installation is considered for production models.
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Sky Cars
2Set VTOL City Hawk
Dr Rafi Yoely AD&D
Takes off and lands vertically
Powered by 2 enclosed fans,
Each driven by four
37-horse power engines.
Arrange one in front and one
behind the pilot, each fan is
equipped wits vans to direct
thrust and keep the aircraft
stable.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_Aeronautics_X-Hawk
Specifications
•Max speed: 155 mph (249 km/h)
•Max altitude: 12,000 ft (3,700 m)
•Endurance: 2 hrs of flight time
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Sky Cars
X-Hawk
Urban Aeronautics Ltd.
Dr Rafi Yoeli
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_IB3PmlVaI
Israel Flying Car video
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Sikorsky
Cypher I
The first proof-of-concept Cypher was 1.75 meters (5.75 feet) in diameter and 55 centimeters (1.8
feet) tall, weighed 20 kilograms (43 pounds), and was first flown in the summer of 1988. This
design was powered by a four-stroke 2.83 kW (3.8 HP) engine, and was so underpowered that it
had to be mounted on a truck for forward-flight tests. These tests led to a true flight prototype
Cypher that weighed 110 kilograms (240 pounds), had a diameter of 1.9 meters (6.2 feet) and was
powered by a compact, 40 kW (53 HP) Wankel-rotary engine. After an initial free flight in 1993,
the Cypher prototype was used in flight tests and demonstrations through most of the 1990s,
ultimately leading to an operational design, the "Cypher II".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorsky_Cypher
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Range 185 km (100 nm)
Speed 235 kph (125 knots)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorsky_Cypher
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Sky Cars
Kestrel Aerospace
Kestrel PAV (2005)
Length 4.2 m
Wing Span 4.4 m
Height 1.5 m
Weight (empty) 200 kg
Payload 95 kg
Range 1000 km +
Sped 183 mph
http://www.roadabletimes.com/roadables-vtol_kestrel.html
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Sky Cars
High Speed 6 Seat VTOL
Tilt-Rotor
Kulikov Aircraft Company
6Seats
Payload 1220 lbs
Fuel 780 lbs
Gross Weight 4000 lbs
Max Thrust 6000lbs
Max Speed 375kns/ 435mph
Range/Endurance 4 hours
Based on 10 min hover
Distance coverage1600 nm
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An artist's interpretation of the Gridlock Commuter, which NASA researchers are
studying as a potential personal aircraft of the future. This limited-roadable aircraft is
shown with wings folded for storage (left) and deployed. Credit: NASA/LARC.
http://www.nbcnews.com/id/5750922/ns/technology_and_science-space/t/nasa-sets-stage-personal-air
Smaller airport alternative
Another, potentially nearer-term flight alternative is also under study by Langley researchers.
Dubbed the Small Aircraft Transportation System program, or SATS, the project is developing
some of the basic technologies to make use of the more than 5,000 small airports across as a
greater means of point-to-point transport.
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http://www.nbcnews.com/id/5750922/ns/technology_and_science-space/t/nasa-sets-stage-personal-air
The Personal Air Vehicle Exploration program at NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton,
Va., for example, is working to develop easy-to-use aircraft that may one day take you from your
garage to the airport and on to your destination, saving time — and hopefully, dollars — that
would otherwise be spent on a public flight.
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Skyblazer
http://www.haynes-aero.com/Netscape/frames.html
http://www.haynes-aero.com/
The Skyblazer is expected to have a top speed of 400 mph, and a range of up to 830 miles. The
vehicle uses a single turbofan engine, which would provide thrust for flying, and generate
electricity to power an electric motor for driving.
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Performance
Takeoff distance: 1,330 ft..
Takeoff distance
assisted:
945 ft.
Climb rate max: 1250 ft/min
Range: 725 nm.
Cruise speed: 270 ktas.
Max speed: 350 ktas..
Stall speed: 60 ktas.
Best L/D: 9:1 at 105ktas
SkyblazerGeneral characteristics
•Crew: one pilot
•Capacity: 3 passengers
•Length: 17 ft 9 in (5.41 m)
•Height: 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m)
•Wing area: 144 ft2
(13.4 m2
)
•Empty weight: 2,170 lb (984 kg)
•Gross weight: 3,706 lb (1,681 kg)
•Powerplant: 1 × Williams FJ44, 1,965 lbf (8.74 kN)
Performance
•Maximum speed: 404 mph (648 km/h)
•Range: 837 miles (1,343 km)
•Rate of climb: 1,250 ft/min (6.4 m/s)
http://www.haynes-aero.com/
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Terrafugia, a start-up created by Lemelson-MIT Student Prize winner Carl Dietrich and
colleagues at MIT's Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, is aiming to show off
what it calls the Transition "personal air vehicle," a vehicle resembling an SUV with
retractable wings, to the EAA AirVenture Conference in Oshkosh, Wis., at the end of July.
First Flying Cars Are Set To Go On Sale As Early 2015
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HuXbM0kaD7k
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nnF2yua4KIw
YouTube: Flying Car - Terrafugia
Transition street-legal aircraft
TerrafugiaSOLO Sky Cars

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Terrafugia TF-X™
http://www.terrafugia.com/tf-x
•TF-X™ will carry four people in car-like comfort.
•TF-X™ will have a non-stop flight range of at least 500 miles.
•TF-X™ will fit into a standard construction single car garage.
•TF-X™ will be able to takeoff vertically from a level clearing of at least 100ft in diameter.
•TF-X™ will be able to drive on roads and highways – providing true door-to-door
convenience and an automotive level of weather insensitivity.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bp2TWNpTA7s
YouTube: Introducing TF-X™: Terrafugia's
Vision for the Future of Personal Transportation
The Terrafugia TF-X™ is a fixed wing street-legal
aircraft with electric ground drive and electric
power assist on takeoff and landing; the first
flying car.
http://www.coroflot.com/vedranmartinek/Terrafugia-TF-X
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AeroMobil Flying Car
Engine Rotax 912
Wings collapsible
Top speed 200 km/h and more
(124 mph and more)
Min. speed 60 km/h (37 mph)
Take-off speed 130 km/h (81 mph)
Range 700 km (435 miles)
Fuel consumption 15 l/h
Construction steel framework and carbon coating
Dimensions width: 8320 mm
length: 6000 mm
Capacity 2 seats
Specifications
http://www.aeromobil.com/specification
YouTube: Flying Car - AeroMobil 3.0
demonstrationhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Yn2uyQJ1jc
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The 2068 Fuzo concept comes from designer John Mahieddine, and is intended to be a sci-fi
VTOL flying car. As it takes to the air, the wheels on the car retract, and the four turbines move
into action, allowing it to reach a maximum speed of 400 mph. The three-seat concept is kept
lightweight by the use of materials like carbon fiber, Kevlar and carbon nanotubes.
http://psipunk.com/category/flying-cars/page/8/
http://www.yankodesign.com/2009/05/11/honda-hovercar/
SOLO Sky Cars

51
http://psipunk.com/the-honda-fuzo-concept-flying-car/
http://www.yankodesign.com/2009/05/11/honda-hovercar/
1. Fly-by-Wire system that relies on GPS to keep cars from hitting one another.
2. Airbags that open inside AND outside of the vehicle to protect the driver, the car, and
anyone in the path of the car should it get in an air-collision
Read more at http://www.yankodesign.com/2009/05/11/honda-
hovercar/#tqk3gjHxSbzLPqpm.99
Yu can drive on the ground with the retractable wheels (the turbines convert into these.) The
vehicle is constructed of materials such as carbon fibre, Kevlar, and carbon nano-tubes. The
bubble canopy allows for two passengers plus the driver, “in a very hightech comfort.”
Designer: John Mahieddine
SOLO Sky Cars

52
http://inhabitat.com/eu-invests-6-2-million-in-research-for-futuristic-personal-aircrafts/
SOLO Sky Cars
Futuristic Personal Aircraft

53
Labichaerospace
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Mid-engine, Rear Wheel Drive, Flying Car
Seats: 4 (optional 5th
child seat)
Controls:
.....Car- (Conventional) Steering wheel,
Accelerator, and brake .....Aircraft - Side Arm
Controls with rudder control pedals and center
console mounted throttle
Engine: Chevrolet-LS2 C6 Corvette 2005 crate
engine, supercharged,
all aluminum block 6.0L V8
Horse Power: 450 BHP
Empty Weight: 2455 lbs.
AIRCRAFT SPECIFICATION
Performance
Max Speed Vne: 320 mph
Top Speed (100%): 275 mph@18,000'
Cruise Speed (75%): 250 mph
Economy Speed (55%): 230 mph
Minimum Rotate Speed: 68 mph
Minimum T.O. Distance:
With Power Assist 475 ft.
Distance to clear 50' Obstacle: 560 ft.
Without Power Assist 1400 ft.
Minimum flight Speed w/flaps: 70 mph
Approach Speed: 80 mph
Range (75% - 23 gph): 975 miles - No reserves
Range (55% - 17 gph): 1150 miles - No reserves
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAIVqyj8W-o
YouTube: LaBiche FSC-1 Flying Car Landing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaBiche_FSC-1https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ctlZgQnYwOg
YouTube: LaBiche FSC-1 Flying Car 30 second Conversion
SOLO

54
SkyRider Concept
http://www.macroindustries.com/website/files/skyr
SkyRider Specifications:
Length 14 ft
Width 12 ft
Engines 1 @ 700 hp
Electric Drive
Ducted Fans 4
Person Capacity 2 @ 200 lb
Load Capacity 300 lb
Fuel Capacity 100 gal
Range (50power) 800 nm
SkyRider Specifications (continue):
Cruise Speed (75 power) 288 mph
Maximum Speed 375 mph
Conventional Takeoff Roll 500 ft
VTOL Takeoff Roll 0 ft
Rate of Climb 4000 ft/min
Service Ceiling 25000 ft
Noise Level 40 dbA @ 100 ft
First Flight T.B.D.
SOLO

55
http://www.skywalkervtol/com
Skywalker VTOL 2013
SOLO

56
http://www.skywalkervtol/com
The following estimated specifications are based on the current design, and subject to change
as development parameters evolve. Advances in technology, design, or hardware may require
modifying this information
Overall Dimensions
•Height 6’-7”
•Width 20’-8”
•Length 19’-4”
Cockpit Dimensions
•Height 69”
•Width 68”
•Seat Height 24”
•Seat Width 33”
Weight
•Dry Weight 725 lbs
•Gross Weight 1320 lbs
Engine
•Subaru EJ-25, 4 cylinders, 2.5 water-cooled
•400-500 hp (depending configuration)
•Burns premium grade pump gasoline
•Fuel consumption: 8-9 GPH (estimated)
•Oil and Water temperature/pressure sensors
Fuel Load
•Dual Tank volume – 24 US gallons
Drive System
•Counter Rotating 2500 rpm
•Dual Propellers 3 right hand (top)/
3 left hand (bottom)
•Fixed Pitch
•Non-articulating, simple design
Control System
•Multi-axis Control Yoke interface with
computer module
•Linear actuators attached to canard
and wing control surfaces
•Pitch, Roll, and Yaw Coordinates
Performance
•Speed 138 mph (max)
•Range 300 miles
•Ceiling Height 11,000 feet AGL
Safety
•Incorporates a ballistic parachute
http://www.skywalkervtol.com/specifications.html
Skywalker VTOL 2013
SOLO

57
A Unique VTOL Design with Mono-Tilt-Rotor - 2006
Humming AeroCopter Inc
The unique feature of this design is the use of the "Mono-Tilt-
Rotor" system. It consists of a single disc, blades, and engines, which
are horizontally mounted around the body of the aircraft. The
spinning rotors provide the lift for vertical take-off.
Once aloft, a small engine in the aft of the fuselage provides thrust
for forward motion. The ring is then tilted to an upright position and
the rotors are feathered to reduce form drag.
http://www.roadabletimes.com/roadables-vtol_humming.html
SOLO

58
The Verticopter of Garrow Aircraft has the
characteristics of an airplane and helicopter that it
can perform both horizontal as well as vertical take-
off and landing.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJc6TX7Reoo
YouTube: Garrow Aircraft's Verticopter VTOL
concept
http://contest.techbriefs.com/2010/entries/transportation/351-verticopter-new-a-realistic-stovl-aircraft
Verticopter of Garrow Aircraft
SOLO

59
SOLO

60
4 Seat 10 Seat
Performance
Max cruise 275 kn
316
mph
360 kn 414 mph
Range 888 nm
1,022
mi
1,295
nm
1,490 mi
Ceiling 9,144 m
30,000
ft
9,144 m 30,000 ft
Stall 55 kn 63 mph 65 kn 75 mph
Seating 4 10 + 1 pilot
Operating cost
per hour
$650 $2000
Weights
Fuel 510 kg
1,122
lbs (170
gal)
1,500 kg
3,300 lbs (500
gal)
Passengers 400 kg 880 lbs 1,100 kg 2,420 lbs
Empty 1,100 kg
2,420
lbs
3,400 kg 7,482 lbs
MTOW sea level 2,100 kg 4,422 lb 6,000 kg 13,202 lbs
Dimensions
Wingspan 9.7 m 32 ft 13 m 43 ft
Length 8.5 m 28 ft 14.3 m 47 ft
Cabin
Height 1.52 m 5 ft 1.75 m 5 ft 9 in
Width 1.27 m 4 ft 2 in 1.85 m 6 ft 1 in
Length 2.44 m 8 ft 4.45 m 14 ft 7 in
Engine
Single PT6A-140 1,075
SHP
Dual 4,000 HP
Turboshaft
http://elytron.aero/#page-specs
Elytron VTOL
2015
SOLO

61
Elytron
Design
Versus helicopter and tilt rotors
Disadvantages Advantages Fast Simple
Smaller
diameter prop
rotor
•High disk loading so
inefficient hover
•Lower HOGE than
helicopters
•Requires heavier, larger
engines
Greater speed (Fastest tilt rotor 260
versus Elytron 360)
More speed allows for greater range
Allows for conventional takeoff and
landings (CTOL) with 0 degree tilt
Far less complex than rotor blade
Less vibration than large diameter rotor
Central small
tilt wing
•Additional drag
•Prop rotors closer to cabin
requiring more insulation
from noise and additional
weight
No retreating blade problem versus
rotary wing
Shorter rigid wing reduces complexity of
cross shafting versus tilt rotors
Can act as air brake
Eliminates need for flaps
No need for run dry gearbox
Reduce power to 15% land
conventionally
Fast conversion from 0 airspeed like Cl-
84
http://elytron.aero/#page-aircraft
SOLO

62
Elytron
Design
Versus helicopter and tilt rotors
Disadvantages Advantages Fast
Sim
ple
Joined wing
•Greater whetted area increases drag
and weight so wings need to be thinner
Very good L/D allows for glide instead of autorotation
Low stall speed in CTOL flight
Front wing acts as hydrofoil when ditching
Oversize winglets
Provide large reduction in wingtip vortices
Create larger effective aspect ratio reducing drag
Immune to vortex ring state
Split louver and
NOTAR VTOL
control
•Less control in pitch versus cyclic
requires NOTAR for greater control
authority
Complex rotor hub with swashplate/cyclic/collective replaced with 6
separate linear actuators that are easy to service increasing safety and
reducing maintenance costs
Counter rotating
prop rotors
•Single 90 degree transmission failure
could cause snap rolls requiring
computer controlled clutch adding
weight
No anti-torque rotor Can land in complex environments without risk
of strike
Centrally located
engines
•Requires 2 90 degree transmissions on
center wing
•Requires onboard fire suppression
•Greater cabin noise
•Same number of 90 degree turns as
helicopters and XV-15 derived designs
Less complex cross shafting
Less weight
No yaw effect on single engine failure
Prop rotor RPM
control lift in VTOL
•Not as responsive as collective
Reduced fuel consumption via optimized blade speed
Allows for smaller diameter prop rotors
Variable pitch prop
rotor
•Increased complexity and weight Reduced fuel consumption via constant speed prop rotor
50% carbon
composite by weight
•Less long term reliability data
Lighter
than
alternatives
such as
composite
over
aluminum
Lifting

63
Flying Car - Pal-V One
The Pal-V One - a three-wheeled motorcycle that transforms into a gyrocopter at the flick of a
switch - is now on sale for $295,000 (£180,000). It takes 10 minutes to switch between modes and
can go from 0 to 60 in the air in under 8 seconds.
The Pal-V One, needs a 540ft runway in order to take-off. When in flight mode, the vehicle looks
like a helicopter, however, it is known as a gyrocopter or auto gyro because the main power comes
from the rotors at the rear of the vehicle
The gyrocopter, is designed to cruise at low altitudes, below 4,000ft. Although it needs a 540ft
runway for take-off, it only needs 100ft to land.
The 27-gallon gas tank in the Pal-V One, provides a 220-mile flight range or 750 miles on the road.
It is made from carbon fiber, titanium, and aluminum and weighs 1,499lbs.
To drive and fly the Pal-V One, owners must have a driving license and a Sports Pilot Certificate.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2518212/Now-YOU-Pal-V-One-flying-car--itll-set-staggerin
YouTube: Flying Car - Pal-V One https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CajAq6ndJYE
SOLO

64
Samson Switchblade
The Switchblade is a fully-enclosed trike that takes to the air using a rear-mounted prop and a
pair of scissor-action wings that fold out from beneath the vehicle. Will use engines like Suzuki's
Hayabusa donk, which generates up to and beyond 180 horsepower.
The Switchblade is envisioned as a pretty classy little vehicle in completion - the body shape will be
Ferrari-inspired and the switchover from road to flight modes should be fully automatic at the
touch of a button. As a prop plane rather than a kit gyroplane, the Switchblade will have a longer
range and higher air speed than the Super Sky Cycle, so it's definitely one to keep an eye on. It
also looks a heck of a lot like a car, with the rider and passenger sitting side by side in an enclosed
cabin. Nice!
http://www.gizmag.com/flying-car-moller-terrafugia-paraje
June 30, 2010
SOLO

65
DARPA's Transformer TX 'flying Humvee' project
http://www.istorya.net/forums/science/390670-flying-cars-3.html
Autogyro with wings
SOLO

Aviation Week - "Flying Humvees" being designed by AAI and Lockheed Martin have
made it through to the second phase of DARPA's Transformer (TX) program - but the
sheer scale of the challenges in producing a fly-drive tactical vehicle is becoming clear.
Transformer is not simply a roadable aircraft - it is a four-seat vehicle that must be able
to drive off-road, survive small-arms fire, and rapidly reconfigure into an aircraft that can
take off and land vertically and be flown without pilot training.
http://nextbigfuture.com/2012/03/darpa-flying-
hummer-should-have-phase-2.html
Lockheed Martin Transformer (TX)
SOLO

67
Lockheed Martin's TX is a 7,000lb vehicle with ducted fans that tilt from horizontal for VTOL
and to vertical for forward flight. The 8.5ft outside-diameter fans are attached to a lifting-body
center wing section mounted above the vehicle. This houses a pair of turboshaft engines that
drive the fans and has a trailing-edge flap to increase lift at low speed. Flight speed is up to
130kt.
To convert from fly to drive, the outer panels of the 41.5ft-span wing fold inwards against the
ducts and the complete wing/fan assembly rotates to lie along the length of the vehicle. A Pratt &
Whitney EnduroCore heavy-fuel dual rotary engine then powers the four electric wheel motors.
DARPA is aiming for a range - on the ground or in the air - of 250 miles on a tank of gas.
http://nextbigfuture.com/2012/03/darpa-flying-
hummer-should-have-phase-2.htmlSOLO

68http://airdevlab.com/k089.htm
K089 Manned Autonomous Air Vehicle (MAAV) 2008
Updated on June 1, 2010
SOLO
animation

69
K099 single-seat manned autonomous tiltwing (MATW)
http://airdevlab.com/00s.htm
SOLO
animation

70
K0123 convertiplane, based on K007, 2001
http://airdevlab.com/00s.htm
SOLO
animation

71
SkyCar
Main Requirements for a door-to-door SkyCar:
1. Safety of Crew and Ground Environment (Redundant safety systems and
landing in any place). Gliding Capability must be considered for safety landing
on an provisory runway. Preventing Driving or Flying the SkyCar by an
Unauthorized Person.
4. Affordability
Price bellow 100 K$ in serial production.
Low fuel/range consumption.
Low Maintainability (predefined checkups and MTBF of more than 1000 hours)
2. Ground Transport (Car) capability (ground range more than 300 nm
without refueling, one car garage parking)
3. Air Transport (Aircraft) capability (range more than 500 nm
without refueling, at subsonic velocities, and ceiling above 10,000 ft)
6. Capability of automatic Takeoff, Navigation (using GPS) and Landing.
Redundant manual capabilities are required.
5. Main mode: Takeoff and Landing in almost any ground place: Vertical Takeoff
and Landing (VTOL). Takeoff and Landing on a Runway may also be required.
7. Communication capability (satisfying Air Transport requirements)
SOLO

72
Main Requirements (continue):
10. Development of a Collision Prevention System, including Sensors to detect
other Flying and Static Obstacles for Collision Prevention.
8. Instrumentation: Digital Multifunction Displays, Analog Sensors for flight displays,
and for checking functionality of the system. Black Boxes that record Vehicle data
in different modes.
9. Monitoring the functionality and malfunctions of all systems, with a predefined
procedure reaction to all events that prevent safety reaching the destination and
define the maintenance required after landing.
11. Capability of connecting to a Communication Network to share the Vehicle GPS
Position, Course and other Vital Data. This can be used for Flight Monitoring
by Ground Control and Collision Prevention.
SkyCar
SOLO

73
Design Requirements :
1. In the car configuration the Aerodynamic Surfaces (propellers, wings,
deflection surfaces, parachute) must be protected. The steering well and the
pedals must be like in a similar car. Including a Ground Collision Avoidance
System (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collision_avoidance_system) must be
considered.
2. In the VTOL configuration the wings used in level flight don’t have to be
deployed. The auto-gyration of VTOL propellers (if exist) must be used for
emergency landing. A guidable (automatic, manually) parachute must be
included. A runway Takeoff, with Wings deployed may also be required.
3. In Level Flight additional Wings must be deployed to increase Lift/Drag ratio.
The Drag must be reduced by folding devices that not contribute to Level Flight
if they not reduce the safety (significantly) .
4. The option to land on a runway with Wings deployed (in case of VTOL
malfunction) must exist. Also landing on a runway in Gliding Mode, in case of
power failure must also exist (this means manually controlling the vehicle
during glide landing).
SkyCar
SOLO

74
Design Requirements (continue – 1):
5. Sensors must be added to:
•Monitor the structure integrity of the parts defined by a Failure Mode Procedure.
•Monitor the functionality and malfunctions of all the vehicle systems (engines,
electrical and hydraulic, sensors, actuators, computers, cooling, takeoff, landing,
Flying aids, car mode, communication, navigation, fuel, air condition)
•Monitor the crew capability to interfere (awakens, sickness, death,…).
•To go to predesigned redundant modes in case of failures (defined by the Failure
Mode Procedure). By design, no one single Failure Mode will be catastrophic.
•Perform Biometric Identification of the Passengers.
SkyCar
SOLO

75
6. Computer capability must be redundant
• at least three interconnected computers (each with an emergency battery
sufficient for the maximum time of flight), each performing a predefined main
task and the other computers tasks such that output are compared to the others
• If there are discrepancies, they will be recorded , and if the main task result is
different of the others his task will be transferred to one other computer
(under a predefined procedure).
• The Main Computers Tasks are:
- Autopilot (Vehicle Control and Stabilization in VTOL, Level Flight, Redundant
Emergency Modes) includes Flight Actuators and deployment/folding Actuators.
- Engines Control and Fuel Management (Speed, Fuel, Oil) and Monitor
(propellers rpm, temperature, Electrical Power Generation, fuel flow control and
remaining quantity)
- Navigation computes the vehicle position and velocity and commands the
Autopilot to performs the Flight Path in Automatic Mode.
- House Keeping Management
- Communication System
- Air Data System
- Displays (Two Redundant Multitasking Displays) System
SkyCar
SOLO

76
7. Before takeoff the following procedures must be performed:
•Biometric Identification of the Crew and their credentials to perform different tasks.
Only the people with the right credentials can activate different flight related systems..
•Perform an Automatic and Manual Predefined Build in Test of the Vehicle System.
•If the BIT fails (causes displayed) the Takeoff is not allowed.
•Pilot Define the Way Points and destination.
•The Navigation Computer will define the Flight Plane (that includes the approved flight
corridors, flight time, and will check that the fuel quantity is enough for this task). It will
determine also potential emergency landing places.
•The Plan will be displayed to the Pilot for approval. If no Plan is applicable the Pilot is
notified and request for changes, after which a new Flight Plan is presented.
•After the approval, the Flight Plan is transmitted to the Ground Control (if required).
•If all the Takeoff conditions are fulfilled the Takeoff take place (automatic or manually).
•If no passenger has Pilot credential all the flight is done in Automatic Mode.
8. If during Takeoff a failure occurs an automatic emergency landing must be
performed.
SkyCar
SOLO

77
9. During Level Flight the Pilot may request to change the Flight Plan. The same
procedure as at Takeoff applies. Only after all the checks are performed and
approvals are obtained the Flight Plan is changed.
10. The Pilot can take Manual Control of the vehicle in Free Flight if the Biometrical
Identification confirms that he has the credentials for this, and the monitoring
system confirms that he is capable to perform the task. If during this task the
monitoring system detects a problem with Pilot Manual Control (or a hazard to
vehicle is detected) the Navigation System will take control after the Pilot is
acknowledged (following a predefined procedure).
11. The System will notify the Pilot of any problem during the flight and propose
solutions. The fuel available is continually monitored. Two redundant Solid State
Black Boxes will record vehicle important data.
12. The Navigation will be performed using GPS or compatible systems
(GLONASS, GALILEO, ….). Two redundant and cheap Strap-down INS, used by the
Autopilot, may be used also for Navigation. The Navigation System will provide the
commands to the Autopilot in Automatic Mode.
13. The Autopilot System is designed to respond to all modes (VTOL, Free Flight and
transition between those two) and will have redundant modes in case of actuators or
sensors failures). It will operate also the deployment and folding actuators.
It will operate in both Automatic (command from Navigation Module) and in Manual
Mode (commands from Pilot). Two redundant channels are required, both Fly by Wire.
SkyCar
SOLO

78
15. During Landing the Height over the Ground, and the Descent Velocity will be
measured, displayed and used by the Autopilot to perform a smooth Vertical
Landing. Also a visual video (or laser imaging) will be displayed. Any obstacles
preventing the Landing will be acknowledged Automatically or Manually and the
Landing Plan will be changed.
16. A Landing on a Runway with the Wing deployed will also be available in
Automatic or Manual Modes . All the procedures required to Land on the
specific Runway will be enforced.
14. During Flight is possible to go to Helicopter Hover Mode, for short (TBD) periods
of time.
SkyCarSOLO

79
Ground Support System can provide the following services to the Flying SkyCar,
(but not all mandatory for operating the SkyCar):
•Provide the approved Flying Corridors for the SkyCars.
•Approve the SkyCar Flight Plan.
•Check and Approve Passengers Flight credentials.
•Provide a height map of the natural obstacles (constructions, power lines,…) along
the Flight Path.
•Provide emergency landing places along the Flight Path.
•Monitor SkyCar data (position, Course Path, Speed, Flight Data).
•Inform about traffic of other flight vehicles along the Flight Path, and request for
Collision Avoidance maneuvers, that will be performed Automatically.
•Take control of the SkyCar, in emergency cases, if technically possible, by changing
the Flight Plan and enforcing the Automatic Mode (according to a predefined
procedure).
•Inform the authorities for any situation that requires their intervention.
SkyCarSOLO

SkyCraft Avionics provides the following functions to the pilot:
• Pilot Displays
• Communication (internal and external)
• Data Entry and Control
• Flight Control
SOLO
SkyCar Avionics
80
Aircraft Avionics includes also the following functions
• Aircraft State Sensor Systems
- Air Data Systems
- Inertial Sensors
• Navigation Systems
- Dead Reckoning Navigation Systems
- Radio Navigation Systems
- GPS or equivalent (GLONASS, GALILEO, ….)
•External World Sensors
- Collision Avoidance Sensors
Aircraft Avionics can provide also Task Automation
• House Keeping Management
• Navigation System Management
• Autopilot and Flight Management Systems
• Engine Control and Fuel Management

SOLO SkyCar Avionics
Displays
Communication
Air Data System
Radio Navigation
System
Collision Avoidance
System
Inertial Sensors
Navigation
Systems
Navigation
System
Management
Autopilot
& Flight
Management
System
Engine Control
& Fuel Management
Data Entry
& Control
Flight Control
Aircraft State
Sensors
External World
Sensors
Task
Automation
Data Bus
Navigation
Pilot
House
Keeping
Management 81
AVIONICS
Functional Components

SOLO
HOTAS
KEYSET
Pilot
82
MFD
HUD
DISPLAYs
PROCESSORs
MISSION
COMPUTER
INSAIR DATA
Collision
Avoidance
Sensors
Engines
Control
Serial Redundant
Data Bus
Serial Redundant
Data Bus
Avionics
Physical Components
Flight
Control
Flight
Recorder
SkyCar Avionics
HOTAS – Hands on Throttle and Stick
MFD - Multifunctional Displays
HUD - Head Up Display

SOLO
83
• House Keeping Management
- Fuel System Management
- Electrical Power Supply System Management
- Hydraulic Power Supply System Management
- Environmental Control System
- Maintenance & Monitoring Systems
Task Automation
• Autopilot and Flight Management System (FMS)
- Flight Planning
- Navigation Management
- Engine Control to maintain the planned Speed or Mach number.
- Control of the Aircraft Flight Path to follow the optimized planned route.
- Control of the Vertical Flight Profile.
- Flight Envelope Monitoring.
- Minimal Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Necessary to complete the task.
- Automatic Take-off and Landing
- Automatic Collision Avoidance Maneuvers.
SkyCar Avionics

84
Summary and Conclusion
The technology for a SkyCar is available today.
SkyCarSOLO
What is needed is someone that has the vision, and the money such that SkyCars will
exit from a production line. The infrastructure to support it must also be defined.

April 13, 2015 85
SOLO
Technion
Israeli Institute of Technology
1964 – 1968 BSc EE
1968 – 1971 MSc EE
Israeli Air Force
1970 – 1974
RAFAEL
Israeli Armament Development Authority
1974 –
Stanford University
1983 – 1986 PhD AA

87
http://flyawaysimulation.com/downloads/files/854/skycar-m400-productiontype/
SOLO

88
http://flyawaysimulation.com/downloads/files/854/skycar-m400-productiontype/
SOLO

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