2. A state of complete physical, mental, and social
well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity.
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
3. What is public health
The science and art of preventing disease,
prolonging life and promoting health through
the organized efforts and informed choices of
society, organizations, public and private,
communities and individuals.
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
4. Aims of health education
To inform general public about promotion of
healthy living
To create an informed body of opinion and
knowledge(social workers, teachers, pharmacist
…)
To give the public right information regarding
medication
To facilitate the acceptance and proper usage of
medication
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
5. Contents of health education
Nutrition
Hygiene
Childcare
Breast feeding
Family planning
Control of communicable and non communicable
diseases
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
6. The World Health Organization (WHO)
identifies core functions of public health
programs including
Vaccines and immunization – vaccines for small pox,
polio, measles, tetanus, tuberculosis etc are provided
Disease prevention and treatment – run camps
Mother and child care
Environmental sanitation
Nutrition
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
7. Nutrition is defined as the procurement of
substances (nutrients)necessary for growth,
development, maintenance and activities of a
living organism
It is a science the examines the relationship
between DIET and HEALTH
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
8. NUTRIENTS - A source of
nourishment, especially a nourishing
ingredient in a food.
Nutrients are organized in seven groups:
1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Fats
4.Vitamins
5.Macrominerals
6.Microminerals
7.Water
Macronutrients –carbohydrates, fats, fiber,
proteins & water
Micronutrients – minerals and vitamins
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
9. 1. Carbohydrates
Supply energy (4
Build and repair body
calories per gram).
Spare proteins to be
used for growth and
maintenance of body
tissues rather than
energy.
Provide fiber if whole
grain.
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2. Proteins
tissues.
Help antibodies fight
infection.
Supply energy (4
calories per gram) if
more is consumed
than needed to build
and repair body
tissues.
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
10. 3. Fats
Supply the most
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4. Vitamins
A, B1, B2, B12,
concentrated source
of energy (9 calories
per gram).
Carry fat-soluble
vitamins A, D, E, and
K.
Provide feeling of
fullness and
satisfaction since fats
Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
take longer to digest.
NIACIN, FOLIC ACID,
C, D, E, K
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11. 5. Macrominerals
Calcium
Phosphorous
6. Microminerals
Iron
Zinc- assists in wound
healing, blood formation, and
Magnesium
Sodium, Chloride,
Potassium
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
general growth and maintenance of
all tissues
Copper - formation of hemoglobin
Manganese - normal development
of bones and connective tissues
Selenium- Works in conjunction with
vitamin E to protect cells from
destruction
Chromium - Maintains normal
glucose uptake into cells
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Iodine-
12. BALANCED DIET
A balanced diet is a diet which
contains all the nutrients required for
health, in appropriate proportions.
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
13. Relationship between nutrition and health.
NCD, noncommunicable disease.
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
15. HYGIENE is a general term that refers to the
conditions and activities that are used to maintain
health and safety with proper sanitation and
personal cleanliness.
Sanitation involves the hygienic disposal and treatment by the civic
authority of potentially unhealthy human waste
Some types of hygiene:
Personal hygiene such as oral, dental, and bodily hygiene
Food hygiene and safe handling and preservation techniques - home
and restaurants
Agricultural produce production and meat and seafood sanitary
packing and handling
Public sanitation services - clean water supply, waste disposal,
garbage collection
Custodial services - buildings, hospital infection control
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
Home sanitation and cleanliness
11/27/2013
16. CHILD CARE
CHILD ACRE is the act of caring for and supervising
minor children (newborn to age thirteen).
Child care include many steps
Mother’s role
Feeding tips
Infants movements
Maintenance of body temperature
Importance of sleep
Immunization
Baby massage
Height calculator
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
17. Mother’s role
Mothers have historically fulfilled the primary role
in raising children. As health and survival of the
new born depends on the health of mother.
MOTHER EDUCATION IS VERY
IMPORTANT FOR RIGHT CARE OF
THE CHILD
About 56% of maternal deaths occur in Sub-
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Saharan Africa and another 29% in South Asia
Afghanistan, Central African Republic and Malawi
are the most dangerous in terms of maternal
death
Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
Fathers should take a bigger childcare role
18. Feeding tips
For the first six months of life breast milk is the
only food that your baby needs to grow and be
healthy.
Avoid cow’s milk or formula milk till six months of
age
When your baby is six months old he is ready for
solid foods
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
19. Pharmacists’ role in encouraging
breastfeeding
Pharmacists can provide advice on:
Infant nutrition and breastfeeding
breast milk is the normal and optimal food for infants; always sterile and
80% f cells are macropharges
It is an important immediate and long-term preventive health care measure
for child and mother
It provides food security and an economic advantage for families
No baby is allergic to mother’s milk, although they may have a reaction to
something the mother eats.
It lowers the risk of breast and ovarian cancers
Recognition and management of common breastfeeding problems;
Referral to appropriate health professionals (eg. child health nurses,
lactation consultants, or Association counsellors
Information on the use of medicines in lactation; and use of bottles
Nutritional content and appropriate use of breastmilk substitute products.
with the variety of breastmilk substitutes available on the market, parents
may need assistance inof Pharmacy and safe use of an appropriate product
the choice
Kiran Sharma, KIET School
11/27/2013
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inappropriate preparation and use of breastmilk substitutes may expose
20. babies who are not breastfed are more likely to
become obese in later childhood
most recent infant feeding survey confirmed that
low maternal age, low educational attainment and
low socioeconomic position continue to have a
strong impact on patterns of infant feeding.
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
21. follows
pharmacists who sell breastmilk substitutes, baby food and
ancillary breastfeeding products to be familiar with the
WHO/UNICEF Code and monitor their marketing practices
No advertising of breastmilk substitutes to the public.
No free samples to be given to mothers.
No promotion of products in health care facilities.
No gifts or personal samples to be given to health workers.
No words or pictures idealising artificial feeding, including
pictures of infants, to appear on the labels of the products.
Information to health workers should be scientific and factual.
All information on artificial infant feeding, including labels, should
explain the benefits of breastfeeding, and the costs and hazards
associated with artificial feeding.
Unsuitable products, such as sweetened condensed milk,
should not be promoted for babies.
All products should be of a high quality and take account of the
climate and storage conditions of the country
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
22. Pharmacist role in promoting healthy
diet for pregnant women
Provide education about the importance of the health
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benefits associated with healthy diet for proper
development of fetus
Provide patient support through advocacy of prenatal
vitamins (folic acid) and documentation of checklists
of contraindicated medications/supplements during
pregnancy
Need of dietary supplements (calcium, protein etc)
Engage parents in discussions about diet and
exercise during pregnancy
Smoking in pregnancy is associated with many foetal
and neo-natal problems such as low birth-weight, preterm delivery, placental damage, miscarriage and
sudden infant death syndrome.
Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
Double the average consumption of fruit and
23. Women who are overweight or obese before they conceive
have an increased risk of complications during pregnancy
and birth. This poses health risks for both mother and baby
in the longer term
There are some foods that could be unsafe for
your baby:
Unpasteurised milk (buffalo or cow's milk) may contain
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listeria.
Raw or undercooked meat, poultry, and eggs. These can
contain harmful bacteria. Cook all meat until there are no
pink bits left. Fully cook your eggs till they are hard.
Raw seafood, such as oysters or uncooked sushi.
Large predator fish, such as shark or swordfish as it may
contain unsafe levels of mercury. These fish absorb the
mercury from contaminated water.
Alcoholic drinks. Drinking too much alcohol can cause
physical defects, learning disabilities, and emotional
problems in children. So many experts recommend that
you give up alcohol while you are pregnant
Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
Cut down on caffeine. Drinking more than 200mg of
24. IMMUNIZATION
Immunization, or immunisation, is the process by which an
individual's immune system becomes fortified against an
agent (known as the immunogen).
National Immunization Schedule
At Birth: BCG, Oral Polio Vaccine
6, 10 and 14 weeks: DPT, Oral polio vaccine
6 to 9 months: Oral polio vaccine
9 months – measles vaccine
15 to 18 months – DPT booster, oral polio
5 years – DPT, Oral polio
10 years – tetanus toxoid
15 years- tetanus toxoid
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
