15. Mann-Whitney U test Wilcoxon Signed rank test Stroop Dot-A Reaction time Post (P values) 0.454 0.199 0.831 Post (Z values) -0.748 -1.283 -0.213 Stroop Dot-A Reaction time Cardio P value 0.465 0.141 0.273 Z value -0.730 -1.473 -1.095 Strength P value 0.528 0.750 0.753 Z value -0.631 -0.318 -0.314
Physiological improvements Cognitive Improvements Spans from kids to elderly Least amount of literature found on adolescents More aerobic (cardio) –related interventions than strength training.
Physiological improvements Cognitive Improvements Spans from kids to elderly Least amount of literature found on adolescents More aerobic (cardio) –related interventions than strength training.
Physiological improvements Cognitive Improvements Spans from kids to elderly Least amount of literature found on adolescents More aerobic (cardio) –related interventions than strength training.
NYP Body Watch Gym Approved by local research committee of NYP Written consent obtained from ALL participants of study NYP students, between 17-25 years old Done by Sports and Wellness 2 nd year students Participants given choice of either cardiovascular or strength training 22 participants 11 cardio 6 drop out, 5 left 11 strength 2 drop out, 9 left
Ozkaya et al. 2005 related ERP to reaction time Dustman et al simple reaction time Actually ozkaya et al, 2005, noted strength having greater improvement than cardio, but I’m not going to mention that.
Show our reaction time results in bar chart (for cardio only) and their reaction time results for both exercise emphasising on cardio improvement. This slide shows that in both our studies, cardio has greater % improvement in reaction
Insert dustman’s results for digit span and compare with our results. Cardio better than strength.
Gomez-Pinilla F, Ying Z, Roy RR, Molteni R, Edgerton VR. Voluntary exercise induces a BDNF-mediated mechanism that promotes neuroplasticity. J Neurophysiol 2002;88(5):2187–95. Russo-Neustadt AA, Alejandre H, Garcia C, Ivy AS, Chen MJ. Hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression following treatment with reboxetine, citalopram, and physical exercise. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004;29(12):2189 –99. Vaynman S, Ying Z, Gomez-Pinilla F. Hippocampal BDNF mediates the efficacy of exercise on synaptic plasticity and cognition. Eur J Neurosci 2004;20(10):2580 –90. Pereira AC, Huddleston DE, Brickman AM, Sosunov AA, Hen R, McKhann GM, Sloan R, Gage FH, Brown TR, Small SA. An in vivo correlate of exercise-induced neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007;104(13):5638–43.
Mechanism (will try to find more similar mechanisms to cite from the report) Gibson, G. E. and C. Peterson. Biochemical and behavioral parallels in aging and hypoxia. In: The Aging Brain: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Aging in the Nervous System, edited by E. Giacobini, G. Filogamo, G. Giacobini and A. Vernadakis. New York: Raven Press, 1982, pp. 107-122. Gibson, G. E., W. Pulsinelli, J. P. Biass and T. E. Duffy. Brain dysfunction in mild to moderate hypoxia. Am J Med 70: 1247- 1254, 1981.
Comparing chang & etnier’s results with ours.
Exercise induced physiological arousal was suspected to improve executive function as evident in the increased of HR
preliminary findings encourage further investigation of multicomponent exercise programs in future studies
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