2. Appliances that are fixed or fitted on to the
teeth by the operator and cannot be
removed at will are called fixed appliances
3. Correction of mild tomoderate skeletal discrepancies
Correction of rotation
Overbite reduction by intrusion of incisors
Multiple tooth movements required in onearch
Active closure of spaces:extraction spaces/hypodontia
Intrusion/ Extrusion of teeh
4. Tipping
Bodily movement
Torquing
Uprighting
Rotations
Extrusion and intrusion
6. Banding involves the use of thin stainless
steel strips called bands that are pinched
tightly around the teeth and then cemented
to the teeth.
7. Banding is preffered over bonding in case of
posterior teeth.
It is preferable to band a tooth that requires
buccal as well as lingual attachments
Bands are better likely to resistheavy forces
as in the case of extraoral devices such as
heavy forces
In case of porcelain or gold restorations or
crowns, banding is prefferd in these cases
8. Seperation of teeth
Selection of band material
Pinching of the band
Fixing the attachments
Cementation of the band
10. The method of fixing attachments directly
over the enamel using adhesive is called
bonding.
11. It is esthetically superior
It is faster to bond than to pinch bands
around teeth
It enables maintanence of better oral
hygiene
It is possible to bond on the teeth that have
aberrant shapes or forms
It is easier to bond than band in partially
erupted cases
12. Risk of caries under loose bands eliminated
Interproximal areas are accessible for
restoration and proximal stripping
14. Cleaning
Moisture control
Enamel pretreatment
Application of sealant
Bonding the attachments
15. 1. Cleaning
2.Acid etching
3.A small amount of bonding agent is squeezed
into the meshon the backof the
bracket, andit is pressed to place on the tooth
surface.
16. 6.Thebracket is bonded in
place.
5.For light cured materials,
acordlesslight is used to
activate the adhesive
bonding process
17. Silverman and Cohan 1972
Temporary attachments of brackets on to
patients plaster model using temporary glues
or composite resins
Tansfer tray of silicone putty is adapted over
model to incorporate brackets over them
Bonding resin applied over bracket bases
18. Entire arch is pretreated and the transfer
tray is placed over arch for the brackets to
bond to the teeth
Curing is done
Transfer tray is removed
19. 1.Bracketsare placed
precisely on acast of the
teeth and held in place
with a fitted resin
2.After the brackets are
cured in theideal position,
atransfer tray is formed and
placed on the workingcast.
3 Thetrays are removed
from theworking castafter
soaking in warm water and
trimmed.
20. 4. Theteeth are
isolated ,etched, and a
chemically cured two
pasteresin is
painted on the
etched enamel
andbrackets.
5.After the resin has
completely set , the
trays are carefully
removed , leaving the
brackets bonded to
theteeth.
21. Permits more accurate placement of brckets
Chair side time reduced
Cost effective
Fewer appointments
Improves ability to bond posterior teeth
22. Passive component that help in fixing various
attachments onto teeth.
Made of soft stainless steel
Attachments like molar tubes and brackets
are soldered or welded over these bands
29. Horizontal slot facing labially
Wires of rectangular cross section are used
Greater control over tooth movement
30. Possess a vertical slot facing occlusal or
gingival direction
Used with round arch wire
31. Brackets that are bonded directly over the
enamel are called bondable brakets
Those that are welded or soldered over
bands are called weldable brackets
32. Most commonly used
Can be recycled, sterilized
Resist deformation
Least friction
Not very expensive
Disadvantage;-
Not esthetically pleasing
Corrode and cause staining of teeth
33. Introduced in late 1980s
Made of aluminium oxide or zirconium oxide
Dimentionally stable
Durable
Brittle
Exhibit greater friction
34. Made of poly-carbonate
Introduced to improve esthetic value
Disadvantage:
Tend to discolor
Poor dimentional stability
Tend to distort
35. Don’t depend on ligation of arch wires
Very low friction
Lower forces
Quick placement and removal of arch wires
36. Used in molar
Weldable or bondable
Round or rectangular in cross-section
37. For engaging elastics
Eg. Lingual buttons, lingual cleats, eyelets,
ball end hook
47. Made up of a number of thinner wires
Twisted or co-axial in form
48. Elastics that resemble a rubber band
uses:-
Closure of space
Correction of open bite
Cross bite correction
Correction of inter arch relationship
49. Class 1 elastics
Class 2 elastics
Class 3 elastics
Cross bite elastics
Box elastics
50. Used in closure of space between teeth by
stretching the rings between them
Made of polyurethane materials
51. Made of two elastic rings seperated by
variable distance
Available in various size based on interring
distance
Generally used to close space and for
derotation of teeth
52. Made of core of latex rubber, surrounded by
a sleeve of woven silk and is availabe in a
spool
Used to close space
59. Used for seperating tight interdental
contacts
Achieved using various type of seperators
60. Soft brass wire of .5 or .6mm diameter is
passed around the contact nd the ends are
twisted tightly together
End is cut short and is tucked between the
teeth
61. They are small elastic rings that are passed
through the contact using special pliers
Stretched elastic ring encircles the
interdental contact and as it contracts the,
teeth are seperated
62. Dumbell shaped piece of elastic that is
stretched and passed through the interdental
contact
63. Effectively seperates the contact
It consist of coil and two arms
The shorter arm of spring is passed below the
contact while the longer rests above the
contact
65. Pinand tube appliance
Edgewise appliance by
Angle
Ribbon arch
appliance byAngle
Modified
Ribbonarch
by
Raymond
begg
Preadjusted edgewise
appliance by lawrence
Andrews
Tipedgeappliances by peter Kesling
66. Pierre fauchard in 1728 devised the first
orthodontic appliances to expand dental arch
Edward H Angle introduced E arch
1912 Angle introduced pin and tube
appliance
1925 Ribbon arch appliance by Angle
67. 1928 by E.H.Angle
Metal bracket with rectangular slot
0.022”x.028” dimension facing labially
Slot received a rectangular arch wire of same
dimension
Wire is placed occlusogingivally
68. Ability to move teeth in all three planes
Good control over tooth movement
Bodily movement posiible
Precise finishing possible
69. Need to apply heavy force
Complex wire bending
Increased friction
Need for extraoral force
Difficulty to open deep bites
70. 1933 Raymond Begg introduced the
technique
Concept of differential force and tipping of
teeth rather than bodily movement
3 stage treatment
1. Stage 1:alignment, rotation
correction,crowding correction,achieveing
edge to edge anterior bite
71. Stage 2: remaining extraction spaces are
closed
Stage3 :uprighting and torquing is carried out
to achieve normal axial inclination
72. Use of light forces which are within the
physiologic limits
Relatively continous force application
Minimal friction between the wire and the
brackets
Rapid alignment and overbite correction
73. Lawrence.F.Andrews in 1970
Based on six keys of occlusion
Brackets has first, second and third order
components
Plain preformed arch wire can be used
progressively move teeth to their ideal
position
74. Craven Kurz in 1976
Brackets are placed on the palatal and lingual
aspects of teeth
Both the edgewise and the begg princles can be
employed in treatment
Highly esthetic
Poor access
Difficulty in speech, Oral hygiene maintanence
76. Allows tipping of tooth in initial stages of
treatment with round arch wire
Later stage treated with rectangular arch
wire
77. Leveling and aligment
Over bite reduction
Overjet reduction and space closure
1. Friction or sliding mechanics
2. Frictionless or loop mechanics
Final tooth positioning
Debonding
78. Removal of the orthodontic attachments and
adhesive resin that was use to bond them.
Twin beak debonding pliers can be used
Adhesive resin is removed from tooth and
polished with prophlactic paste