2. Learning efforts, self-planned
learning (Tough, 1978),
self-regulated learning
(Zimmerman,1990).
Last stage of learning-usually
reserved for the adult learner.
Learner takes the initiative in the
planning executing, and the
evaluation of their own learning.
3. views learners as responsible owners
and managers of their own learning
process. Self directed learning
integrates self management
(Management of context, including
the social setting, resources and
action) with self monitoring (the
process whereby the learners
monitor, evaluate and regulate their
cognitive learning strategies).
Bolhuis, 1996 & Garrison, 1997
4. Enhance ability of adults to be
more self-directed in learning
(humanistic approach)
Foster transformational
learning
Promote social action
5. I. Learning by Preparing
II. Learning by Doing
III. Learning by Reflecting on Doing
IV. Learning by Moving Forward:
7. 1. Time management/Family
obligations
2. Cost of traditional learning
3. Transportation
4. Learner’s own learning styles
5. Prefer informal learning
structure.
6. Ability to plan programs to fit
the learner
13. Allows learners to be more
effective learners and social
beings
Curious and willing to try new
things.
They can view problems as
challenges, desire change, and
enjoy learning
14. Motivated and persistent,
independent, self-disciplined,
self-confident and goal-oriented.
A greater awareness of their
responsibility in making learning
meaningful and monitoring
themselves
Encourages students to develop
their own rules and leadership
patterns
15. Possible for frequent errors.
Quite time consuming.
It needs an organized
manner of planning; inquiring
skills, decision making and
self evaluation of work.
16. How will the elementary school student use
SDL skills to their advantage?
Car salesman?
Small business owner?
College student?
Medical professional?
Teachers/Professors?
You?
17. Do you consider yourself a self-directed
learner?
Why do you think you are a self-directed
learner?
18. Knowles, M.S. (1970). The modern practice of adult education, from pedagogy to andragogy revised and updated.
Retrieved from
http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:KbSfmR3rq7MJ:scholar.google.com/+experience+and+andragogy&h
l=en&as_sdt=100 00000000000
Merriam, S. B. (2001). Andragogy and self-directed learning: pillars of adult learning theory. New Directions for Adult
and Continuing Education. 89.p. 3-13.
Merriam, S.B., Caffarella, R.S., & Baumgartner, L.M. (2007). Learning in adulthood a comprehensive guide. San
Francisco, CA: Jossy- Bass
Roberson, D.N., Merriam, S.B., (2005). The self-directed learning process of older, rural adults. Adult Education
Quarterly,55(4). 269- 287. doi: 10.1177/0741713605277372.
Tough, A., (1978). Major learning efforts: recent research and future directions. Adult Education Quarterly, 28(4), 250-
263. doi:10.1177/074171367802800403.
Editor's Notes
Good evening, I’m Nancy and tonight we will be discussing Self-Directed Learning Theory. Before we begin, I would like to share a couple of experiences with you and ask you to relate to them.
Some people do not want to share the learning styles of others.
Given the opportunity or choice, would you opt for a more informal type learning environment such as outside, someone’s house, the café?
Encourage dialogue among the participants to discuss how engaging in SDL will have on their learning.