2. Fossil Fuels
• Coal
• Oil
• Natural Gas
Nuclear Power
Solar
Wind
Hydroelectric
Geothermal
Where do we get our energy?
3.
4. Why Do We Need Alternative Energy?
• Ecological Necessity
– Oceanic Effects of
Increasing CO2
Concentrations
• Economic Necessity
– Fossil fuels becoming
scarcer
11. Marine Algae
Compelling Advantages
• Algae Consume CO2, a Major Greenhouse Gas
• Do Not Use Fresh Water
• Do Not Require Arable Land
• Grow Very Rapidly
• Represent a “New” Source of Fuel*
• Represent a New Source of Animal Food
• *Historical Footnote - Most of Our “Old” Fuels (i.e.,
Fossil Fuels) Were Produced by:
MARINE ALGAE!
13. A Petroleum-Free Hawaii?
Plant
Feedstock
Oil Production
(bbl acre-1
y-1
)
Required
Area (acres)*
Soybean 1.14 8,736,000
Rapeseed 3.02 3,298,000
Oil Palm 15.10 660,000
Microalgae 175.00 54,300**
* Hawaii’s transportation fuel consumption is 26,000 bbl/day
(9,500,000 bbl/year)
** Kaho`olawe is 28,000 acres
14. Kona Pilot Facility
prove the concept• 2010
• 2.5 ha
• Freeze initial set
of technologies
• Show that a facility can
produce “large” amounts
of algae and can be…
– NPV-positive
– Energy-positive
– CO2-negative
Editor's Notes
There is no OTEC facility currently producing electricity at Keahole Point. However, cold seawater is being used directly to air condition (cool) the administration and laboratory buildings. The seawater provides about 50 tons of air conditioning, offsetting the equivalent of 200 kW of peak electrical demand. Using the cold seawater for air conditioning saves NELHA nearly $4000 per month in electricity cost - and the system requires much less maintenance than traditional compressor systems.
If we are to use this chart I would like to know the source.
