"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. SUSTAINABLE: Ecological and economical way of living to make human kind healthy and happy �ARCHITECTURE :The art and science of making buildings. Includes technology as well as aesthetics �

1. Sustainable
Architecture
Ar.Suvarna Lele

2. 2
Architecture and Sustainability

3. 3
Sustainability
represents a
transition from a
period of
deterioration of
the natural
environment to a
more humane
and natural
environment.
Sustainable
development
”Meets the needs of the
present without compromising
the ability of future
generations to meet their own
needs”
Brundtland Report, 1987, United Nati

4. Sustainable development has been defined in many ways, but the most frequently
quoted definition is from Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland
Report:[1]
"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs.
The natural environment works like a living organism, so also the built environment.
The people react with it and it reacts with people.
The Urban environments are the mirror with which we reflect our beings; to look at
our cities is to see into our future (Ozoenemene 2004). Simonds (1961) admits that
when we recreate environment, the environment recreates us.
What is Sustainable development????

5. Ecosystem services
• Oxygen and water
• Detoxification and decomposition of wastes
• Conserve soils and their fertility
• Pollination of flowers & Dispersal of seeds
• Protection from the ultraviolet rays
• Maintenance of biodiversity
• Moderation of weather extremes and their impacts
• Provision of aesthetic beauty and intellectual and spiritual stimulation for
the human spirit
Threats to Environment
Severest threat is from us, humans – Pollution•
Air-CO2, SO2, NO, CFC.
Water-Industrial effluents, Sewage, Pesticides, Fertilizers.
Noise pollution, Radiation.
Soil- solid wastes, effluents .
Destruction of Natural Habitats- Deforestation, Hunting,
Reclamation, – Alter the Environment
Green house Gases, Ozone depleting substances.
Natural calamities.
Earth Quakes, Forest fires, Volcanoes, Cyclones, ....

6. SUSTAINABLE: Ecological and
economical way of living to make
human kind healthy and happy
ARCHITECTURE :The art and
science of making buildings.
Includes technology as well as
aesthetics
?
WASTE
RESOURCES
ENERGY

7. - Ecological Architecture:
-Small is good
-Passive Solar Design
-Active Solar Design-High levels Of insulation.
-Efficient use of water and electricity
Thermal mass Ventilation.
-Efficient lighting
-Waste Management:
-Through Designing Grey water systems
-Low flow taps and showers
- Building materials
-Use of renewable ,nontoxic materials
-Use of recycled, reusable materials
-Use of local resources to reduce transport
-Pre Design Analysis-an integrated approach to design:
client representative, project manager, planning consultant,
architectural consultant, civil, mechanical, electrical, plumbing and
structural engineers as well as landscape architect, interior designer,
sustainability consultant and other consultants as required by the
project need to work together to ensure environmental sustainability.
SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE
HOW DO WE ACHIEVE IT?

8. -Site selection and analysis-
-Site characteristics such as vegetation, topography, geology, climate, natural
access, solar orientation patterns, water and drainage, and existing utility and
transportation should be analyzed and assessed
-A thorough topographic site plan depicting topography, natural and built features of
existing conditions should be prepared. This will enhance the design and add
aesthetic, economic and practical value.
-Integration of the building and structures with the site so as to maximize and
preserves positive site characteristics
and enhances human comfort, safety and health.
-Indoor Air Quality –
-Indoor air pollution can be controlled by selecting products and finishes that are
low or non-toxic and low VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) emitting. Common
sources of indoor chemical contaminants are adhesive, carpeting, upholstery,
manufactured wood products, pesticides and cleaning agents.
- A careful design of a Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems
with adequate supply of outdoor air, good ventilation rates, even air distribution
should be considered.

9. Energy Efficient
Architecture

10. Industry 25%
Transportation 27%
Buildings 48%

11. CO2 Production by Country in 2006
• Country CO2 Produced % total world emissions
• metric tonnes
• U.S. 5,752 20.2%
• China 6,103 21.5%
• European Union 1,314 13.8%
• Russia 1,564 5.5%
• India 1,510 5.3%
• Japan 1,293 4.6%
• Canada 545 1.9%
The Global situation in the past 10 years has become many times WORSE.
China’s emissions INCREASED by 668% in 10 years.
Source: Wikipedia, accessed Sept 3, 2009

12. What is an ecological
footprint?
It is a measure of our consumption
and/or emissions as a result of our
lifestyle.
The bottom line is
SMALLER IS BETTER!
Calculating your “ecological
footprint”
… can naturally extend to an
understanding of your “carbon
footprint”
Source:http://www.cycleoflife.ca/kids/education.htm
If we are not going to be part of the
PROBLEM.
We are going to learn how to be part of
the SOLUTION!

13. Buildings, as they are designed and used today, contribute
to serious environmental and economical problems because
of excessive consumption of energy and other natural
resources.
The close connection between energy use in buildings and
environmental damage arises because energy-intensive and
monetarily expensive solutions sought to construct a
building and meet its demands for heating, cooling,
ventilation, and lighting cause severe depletion of invaluable
environmental resources.
However, buildings can be designed to meet the occupant’s
need for thermal and visual comfort at reduced levels of energy
and resources consumption.
Energy resource efficiency in new constructions
can be effected by adopting an
Integrated Approach To Building Design.

14. CLIMATE RESPONSIVE
ARCHITECTURE
PRECEDENTS
ANALYSIS OF SITE AND CLIMATE
ANALYSIS OF BUILDING PROGRAMME
SITE CONSTRAINTS CLIMATE ECONOMY
MATERIAL AVAILIBILITY
SOCIAL FABRIC
SUN WIND TEMPRETURE RELATIVE HUMIDITY MICROCLIMATE
OCCUPANCY ELECTRIC LIGHTING EQUIPMENT INFLUENCE
COMBINING CLIMATE/SITE
BIOCLIMATIC CHARTSHEATING AND COOLING PATTRENSBALANCE POINT TEMPRETURE PASSIVE COOLING AND HEATING
ANALYSIS OF BUILDING FORM AND ENVELOPE

15. Study of climatic
conditions

16. The Multivariate Condition
• Climate varies around the globe and indigenous architecture used to
respond to climate
• 20th century buildings became exclusively dependent on mechanical
systems to heat and cool buildings
• International Style Architecture, characterized by sealed buildings,
tried to create an architectural style that ignored climate
• This has resulted in a proliferation of architecture that does not
properly respond to its climate
• Such buildings now account for between 40% and 70% of energy
use in North America – and this cannot be sustained given Climate
Change (GHG) and fossil fuel shortages
• This lesson will examine how to reconnect issues of local climate
and building design
Buildings and Climate

17. The Multivariate Condition
Source:LeonardBachman,UniversityofHouston

18. The Comfort Zone
The Comfort Zone refers to the range of temperature conditions of air
movement, humidity and exposure to direct sunlight, under which a
moderately clothed human feels “comfortable”.
This will be different for Indoor versus Outdoor conditions.
These will be different for different CLIMATE types.
This will be different for different cultures combined with climate conditions -
what are people used to??
As Architects we use our buildings to
not only create comfortable indoor
environments, but also pleasing and
useful spaces outside of our
buildings.
There exists a RANGE of comfort
that we need to design within.

19. -Understanding solar geometry is
essential in order to:
- do passive building design (for
heating and cooling)
- orient buildings properly
- understand seasonal changes in
the building and its surroundings
- design shading devices
- use the sun to animate our
architecture.
Why Solar Geometry?
The Perimeter Institute in Waterloo uses
the sun to daylight and add character to the
space.

20. The impact of the sun on our buildings is a direct result of our distance
from the equator.
This affects amounts of solar radiation as well as solar geometry.
Solar Geometry

21. Since little winter heating can be expected from east and west
windows, shading devices on those orientations can be designed
purely on the basis of the summer requirement.

22. Solar Transmission through Varying Types of Glasses

23. Sun path diagram Sun path-a typical example
Vertical and horizontal shadow angle

24. Designing to the Comfort Zone vs. Comfort Point:
This famous
illustration is taken
from “Design with
Climate”, by Victor
Olgyay, published in
1963.
This is the finite point
of expected comfort
for 100% mechanical
heating and cooling.
To achieve CN, we must
work within the broader
area AND DECREASE
the “line” to 18C – point
of calculation of heating
degree days.
REDUCINGOPERATINGENERGY

25. A bioclimatic chart is a preliminary analysis
tool used during the early planning stages
of a building project.
In the process known as bioclimatic
architecture, an architect uses the
bioclimatic chart to design buildings that
include the most efficient passive cooling
and heating strategies based on the
climate and location of a building site,
according to the Center for Renewable
Energy Sources and Saving.

26. Desirable wind directions for different zones
Wind roses for wind speed and directions

27. Energy efficiency techniques
Passive features

28. What is Passive Design?
• is based upon climate considerations
• attempts to control comfort (heating and cooling) without consuming
fuels
• uses the orientation of the building to control heat gain and heat loss
• uses the shape of the building (plan, section) to control air flow
• uses materials to control heat
• maximizes use of free solar energy for heating and lighting
• maximizes use of free ventilation for cooling
• uses shade (natural or architectural) to control heat gain

29. The Tiered Approach to Design
Image: Norbert Lechner, “Heating, Cooling, Lighting”

30. Solar Chimney
This solar chimney draws
air through
a geothermal heat
exchange to
provide passive home
cooling
Warm air rises and
escapes through
chimney,which creates
an air current for the
cooler air from
underground tunnels to
replace the warm air.

31. Evaporative cooling
Lowers indoor air tempreture by evaporating water.Effective in hot
and dry climates.The sensible heat of air is used to evaporate water,
Thereby cooling the air,which in turn cools the living space
of the building.

32. Embedding the structure partially in earth for conditioning
the inner tempreture.
Earth Berming

33. Photovoltaic arrays
A panel of-5M X 5M generates 1.8kwh.

34. Shading devices
Solar shades Shadings
Vertical gardensAwningsPergolasTrellis
Shading films

35. Energy-Conserving Landscapes
Selecting Plants
Adaptability and Hardiness
Wind Control
Using Plants to Conserve Energy
Windbreaks
Wind Channels
Landscaping Guidelines

36. Plantation Guidelines

37. NAME OF THE
TREE
HEIGHT
(in m)
SPREAD
(in m)
TYPE AND USE
Bottle brush 5-8 4-5 Ever green.Used in parks and landscapes.
Indian laburnum 10-14 9-14 Deciduous.Ornamental.
Javanese cassia 9-12 7.5 -9 Deciduous.Roadside planting,parks and
gardens.
Casurina 15-22 9-13 Evergreen,ornamental,thin,light shade
Gul mohor 10-16 15-20 Decidious.Roads,lawns,gardens
Nilgiri 25-45 9-12 Evergreen.Gardens,highways
Silver oak 15-22 6-9 Evergreen.Windbreak and shading tree
Hibiscus 9-16 9-12 Evergreen.Wind breaks and soil erosions.
Jacaranda 9-15 9-14 Deciduous.Decorative.Gardens,roadsides
Arjuna 6-11 7-10 Deciduous.Ornamental.
Champa 9-15 7-11 Evergreen.Ornamental.Residences
Bakul 12-15 12-19 Evergreen.Shading roads,gardens,parks.
Chameli 4-6 6-8 Deciduous.Fragrent flowers
Palas 7-13 6-9 Deciduous.ornamental and shading.
Neem 12-20 15-22 Deciduous.Shading tree.
Ashok 15-22 7-11 Evergreen.Ornamental.deep shade
Mango 15-22 12-19 Evergreen.Shading,fruit tree
Mulberry 12-15 9-14 Decidious.shading during summers

38. Vegetation can be
used to shade the
building and create
a cool micro climate
around the building.

39. Courtyard spaces can provide a
cool semi private interior
microclimate from which to
draw cool air into the building.

40. Reduce Energy Loads: Day lighting
The tiered approach to reducing energy requirements with
DAYLIGHTING:
Use energy efficient fixtures!
Maximize the amount of energy/electricity required for artificial lighting that
comes from renewable sources.
Source: Lechner. Heating, Cooling, Lighting.
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Orientation and planning of
building to allow light to
reach maximum no. of
spaces
Glare, color, reflectivity and
material concerns
Efficient artificial Lighting w/ sensors

41. Daylighting does not equal
sunlight!
Daylighting is about bringing
natural LIGHT into a space.
Many daylit spaces do not
WANT or NEED direct sunlight.
Direct beam sunlight is about
HEATING the space.
Beijing National Theatre

42. Energy Conserving Electrical appliances
Energy saved is energy gained

43. Cost effective technologies and materials

44. Material Choices
• When designing buildings we
usually have a choice as to
what material to specify
• Materials can be compared as
being more or less harmful to
the environment
• We should obviously choose
less harmful materials
• We should use materials that
use less energy
• We should use materials that
make our buildings more
efficient
• Materials should be both
beautiful and enduring
The George and Kathy Dembroski Centre for Horticulture,
Toronto

45. Energy Intensity of Building Materials
240 1290
6220 6770
32178
660
700
4400
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
EnergyContent(MJ)
Coarse
Aggregates/t
Bricks/t Lime/t Cement/t Steel/t Concrete
Blocks /t
Hollow
Concrete
Blocks /t
Bricks /'000
How do we substitute these materials?

46. Cement
18%
Iron & Steel
10%
Bricks
17%
Timber
13%
Sand
7%
Aggregate
8%
Labour
27%
Approximate Break-up of total Construction Cost in Materials and
Labour
How to substitute energy intensive materials?
How to economies on material costs?

47. PROJECT
AND
SITE
MANAGEMENT
MODULAR
CO_ORDINATION
AND
RATIONALISATION
PRE DESIGN
ANALYSIS AND
SYSTEMS
APPROACH
ALTERNATE
TECHNOLOGIES
LOW COST
MATERIALS
COST EFFECTIVE
CONSTRUCTION

48. Material Primary energy requirements of
Building Materials (MJ/kg)
Very high energy:
Aluminium
PlasticsCopper
Stainless steel
200-250
50-100100+
100
High energy:
Steel
Lead, Zinc
Glass
Cement
Plaster board
20-60
25+
12-25
5-8
8-10
Medium energy:
Lime
Clay bricks and tiles
Concrete
In Situ
Blocks
PrecastSand-lime brick
Timber (sawn)
3-5
2-7
0.8-1.5
0.8-3.5
1.5-8
0.8-1.2
0.1-5
Low energy:
Sand, aggregate
Fly ash, volcanic ash
Soil Adobe
<0.5<0.5
<0.5
<0.2
Comparative
Energy
Requirements
of Building
Materials
Do
we
have
energy
efficient
alternatives
?

49. • Conventional Energy Efficient materials
• 1.Bamboo, Bamboo Based Particle Board & Ply Board, Bamboo Matting
• 2.Bricks sun dried
• 3.Precast cement concrete blocks, lintels, slab. Structural and non-
structural modular elements
• 4.Calcined Phospho- Gypsum Wall Panels
• 5.Calcium silicate boards and Tiles
• 6.Cellular Light Weight Concrete Blocks
• 7.Cement Paint
• 8.Clay roofing tiles
• 9.Water, polyurethane and acrylic based chemical admixtures for
corrosion removal, rust prevention, water proofing
• 10.Epoxy Resin System, Flooring, sealants, adhesives and admixtures

50. • 11.Ferro-cement boards for door and window shutters
• 12.Ferro-cement Roofing Channels
• 13.Fly-ash Sand Lime Bricks and PaverBlocks
• 14.Gypsum Board, Tiles, Plaster, Blocks, gypsum plaster
fibrejute/sisal and glass fibrecomposites
• 15.Laminated Wood Plastic Components
• 16.Marble Mosaic Tiles
• 17.MDF Boards and Mouldings
• 18.Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles
• 19.ParticalBoards
• 20.Polymerisedwater proof compound

51. • 21.Polymerised water proof compound
• 22.Portland PozzolanaCement Flyash/ CalcinedClay Based
• 23.Portland Slag Cement
• 24.RCC Door Frames
• 25.Ready Mix Cement Concrete
• 26.Rubber Wood Finger Joint Board
• 27.Stone dust
• 28.Water proof compound, adhesive, Polymer, Powder

52. Environment-friendly, Energy-efficient Technologies
Fly Ash Hollow Blocks
Interlocking Fly Ash Blocks
Fly Ash Bricks Different Walling Options
Walling

53. Environment-friendly, Energy-efficient Technologies
RCC Planks & Joists Micro Concrete Roofing
Tiles
Ferro cement Roofing
Channels
Bamboo Mat Corrugated
Sheets
RoofingRoofing

54. Environment-friendly, Energy-efficient Technologies
Ferro cement Beams
Concrete door/window
Frames
Concrete Pavers
Others

55. Bricks
•Clay of a
region should
determine
the size of
bricks
•The size of brick has been
standardized resulting in poor quality
of bricks
Perforated mud blocks
•In ancient times thin bricks were
burnt with local fuel as there was
no coal.

56. SCHEMATIC VIEW OF TILEMOULD FOR MAKING
TILE
TILE MANUFACTURING PROCESS
All surfaces
require
a non erodable
diaphragm to
make
them resistant to
erosion
Surface Engineering

57. Structures in compression: Funicular shells

58. Alternate Materials and technologies developed by Government
bodies and Individuals

59. Jaunpur Slum Rehabilitation

60. Bar Chart
Activities,durations and amounts are plotted on a graph

62. Estimates:
to keep check on the materials and
costs

63. Modular Co-ordination
Use of modules in construction for simplification

64. Precasting and pre fabrication tecnniques Developed by CBRI and
BTMPC

65. Precasting And Prefabrication

66. Resource and Waste management

67. Rainwater collection and purification

68. Energy efficiency techniques

69. It is preferable to use renewable
materials, but when it is not
possible one can source:
– Recycled materials or
materials with a
significant recycled
content: such as steel
where a good
percentage of the
product is put back into
the manufacture of
goods at the “end of
life”
– Reused materials:
preferred as it is not
necessary to put
additional energy into
remanufacturing the
Virgin vs. Recycled or Reused
TOHU, Permanent Bigtop, Montreal

71. Collection Of Materials

72. Options In Recycling Of Wastes

73. Water and Waste
Management

74. Biogas Plant

75. PREVAILING SCENARIO-INDIAN TOWNS
1.India is undergoing transition from rural to urban
society.
2.Increasing migration from rural to urban areas.
3.Mismatch between demand and supply of sites and
services.
4.Disparity between high land costs ,cost of construction
and lower incomes leading to non sustainable
situation.
5.Construction sector provides employment to 16% of
work force.
6. Lack of equitable supply of land, shelter and services
at affordable prices.
7. Environmental paradigms neglected while design and
planning.
8. Depletion of resources in construction and negligence
of ecology in design.
9. Lack of application of cost effectiveness and energy
efficient solutions in construction.

76. What makes a Sustainable City?
• Transportation systems that ensure nodal
connectivity, diverse public transport, and safe
emissions levels
• Clean and Secure Energy through efficiency and
renewable energy sources
• Safe Water and Sanitation provided and delivered
to all community members
• Land Use that maximizes efficiency and ensures
sufficient green space
• Basic Municipal Services such as healthcare and
education.
• Climate Resilience through long-term sustainable
planning
A sustainable city minimizes its impact on local and global environments
while also improving the health and well-being of its inhabitants.

78. Contaminated Air and Water
Dangerous Air Pollution
• Poor air quality in Dhaka alone is estimated to lead to
15,000 premature deaths each year
• Particulate matter concentrations reach 463mcm, over
twenty times the WHO limit of 20mcm.
Poor Water Quality, Quantity, and Delivery
• Surface water quality suffers from urban and industrial
contamination
• Unsustainable groundwater extraction has led to
declining water tables
• Urban piped water supply systems in Bangladesh
serve only 30% of households
Environmental Vulnerability of the Poor
• Low income groups are the most vulnerable because
their health and livelihoods are highly dependent on
ecosystem services
• Slum communities lack sufficient access to income,
food, healthcare, water, sanitation waste disposal,
and basic infrastructure.
Source: foxnews.com

79. CRSCI
Climate Resilient Sustainable Cities Initiative
Policy, Planning
& Legislation
Demonstration
Capacity
Development
Transportation Land Use
Climate
Resilience
Basic
Municipal
Services
Water &
Sanitation
Energy &
Efficiency
Analysis of
Current Capacity
Develop knowledge
products & capacity
building strategy
Implementation
Analysis of Existing
Policies, Plans,
& Legislation
Strategy for Improvement
Implementation
Suitability Analysis
Planning
Implementation

80. Sustainable Solutions
• Hydrology
– Safe water supply and delivery
– Sanitation and waste management
• Energy
– Clean, renewable sources
– Efficiency: green buildings & appliances
• Habitat
– Land use: open spaces, green roofs
– Natural habitat protection and restoration

81. Town Planning
Research
& Analysis
Elizabeth Burns, Christopher Kearney,
Gwendolyn Johnson, Anna Lavinia Schmitz
LA4198 LA Design Studio VI • Spring 2009 • Professors Stuart Appel and Bess Wellborn
M O N T G O M E R Y T O W N S H I P C E N T E R

82. Elements of a Successful Town Center
• Cohesive design creating a unique character
• Active Main Street
• Safe neighborhoods
• Beautiful public spaces
• Good circulation
• Practices sustainability
• Quality of Life
Main Street, Amityville, NY
http://www.gettyimages.com/Search/Search.aspx?contractUrl=2&language=en-
US&family=creative&
assetType=image&mt=photography&c=color&p=main%20street%20usa&src=standard#4
Neighborhood
gathering place, Buffalo, NY
http://www.planning.org/greatplaces/nei
ghborhoods/2007/elmwoodvillage.htm
Town parade in Sheridan, Wyoming
http://www.planning.org/greatplaces/neighborhoods/2008/downtownsheridan.htm
Sense of Place

83. Welcoming Identity
• Start with a sense of arrival
Street banner in West Chester, PA
http://www.haverford.com/docs/Haverford_Township
_Comprehensive_Plan_Addendum_Report.pdf
Entrance at Playa Vista
Great Neighborhoods
Gateway sign in Media, PA
http://www.haverford.com/docs/Haverford_Township
_Comprehensive_Plan_Addendum_Report.pdf
Entrance at Playa Vista
Great Planned Communities, ed. Jo Allen
Gause The Urban Institute
Gateway Arch
http://www.planning.org/gre
atplaces/neighborhoods/20
08/downtownsheridan.htm

84. Main Streets
Sidewalk café in Gainesville, FL
http://www.haverford.com/docs/Haverford_Township_Compr
ehensive_Plan_Addendum_Report.pdf
• Human scale in a cohesive design with distinctive architecture
• Defined at the both ends
• Provides orientation to its users, and connects well to the larger pattern of
ways
• Encourages human interactions and social activities
• Promotes safety of pedestrians and vehicles
• Offers a variety of interesting activities and uses that create
a varied streetscape
Pedestrian crosswalk on Main Street
http://www.woolpent.com/images/portofolio/
greentowncenter01.jpg

85. Mixed-use
• Offers a place to Live-Work-Shop-Play
• Should consist of a mix of commercial/retail,
office/professional and residential uses
• Allows people to live close to recreation, entertainment
and services
• Provides diversity and choice in services and
accommodations
• Helps to contain urban sprawl and vehicular use
• Creates vibrancy in the town center throughout the day
Mixed-use Main Street
http://www.pasackvalleysoldhomesreport.com/image
Mixed-use Main Street
http://www.sawanee.com
Mixed-use Main Street
http://www.planning.org/greatplaces/stre
ets/2008/washiingtonstreet.htm

86. Infilling
• Creates a dense and vibrant
town center
• Helps to define the image and
feel of the town center
• Capitalizes on existing
community assets such as parks,
infrastructure, shopping areas
and public transportation
• Provides housing (both affordable
and market value) near job
centers and public transit
• Creates new community assets
such as day care centers, art
districts, neighborhoods and
shopping areas
• Increases the productivity of
underused property
• Decreases the need to develop on
open space and agricultural land
Example of infilling where the new structure fits into the site with the right
scale and form of the neighboring structures
http://www.tndhomes.com
Before and after infilling
Ellen, Jones D., and Williamson June. "Infill around a live mall." Map. Retrofitting Suburbia.
Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons, 2009

87. Neighborhoods
• Promote socialization amongst diverse
age groups and cultures
• Streets are narrow and tree-lined
• Pedestrian and bicycle friendly
• High-density housing
• Convenient shopping at locally
owned businesses
• Common building forms and materials
• Relative safety and security
• Public spaces
• Established mass transportation
• Memorable character
• A variety of functional attributes that
contribute to a resident’s day-to-day
living (i.e. residential, commercial, or
mixed-uses)
Residential area
http://www.redmon.com
Tree covered sidewalks,
Eastern Market,
Washington, DC
http://myapa.planning.org/grea
tplaces/neighborhoods/eastern
market.htm

88. Public Spaces
Ferry Plaza Farmers Market at
San Francisco, California
http://www.ferrybuildingmarketplace.co
m/farmers_market.php
Inverness Square at McKienzie Towne, Alberta, Canada
Great Planned Communities, ed. Jo Allen Gause The Urban Institute
 Encourage human interaction
 Promote community involvement
and ownership
 Reflect local identity and culture
 Safe and welcoming to all
 Relate to the surrounding land uses
 Are well maintained

89. Traffic Calming
 Curb extensions
 Roundabouts
 Raised crosswalks
 Tree-lined streets
 Median islands
 Use of materials, i.e. cobblestone
 Narrower roadways
 Reduce speed limit
Vehicular Circulation
• Design roadway width appropriate to intended
speed of travel
• Promote safe and pleasant travel for all types
of users
• Improve environmental impact of streets
• Provide public transportation options for community
• Allow for alternate routes
• Allow on-street parking supplemented by parking
lots located behind the main streetParking behind Main Street businesses
http://www.planningorg/greatplaces/streets/
2007/mainstreetnorthampton.htm
Residential street
with curb extensions
in Portland, Oregon
http://fam3.stati8670_f5b5
babf6_o.jpg

90. Pedestrian Circulation
One mile walk in sprawling development
http://www.walkscore.com/walkableneighborhood
s.shtml
One mile walk in dense development
http://www.walkscore.com/walkableneighborhoo
ds.shtml
• Pedestrian walkways connect residential
neighborhoods, town center, and public open spaces
• Dense development promotes greater potential
for walking
• Provide ample sidewalk width in relation to frequency
and density of use
• Short blocks allow for quicker routes
A pedestrian-
friendly street in
Atlanta, Georgia
http://www.flickr.com/
photos/ironchapman/3
39261944/

91. Sustainability
• Stormwater BMPs minimize
land disturbance and runoff,
recharge aquifers, preserve
water quality restoring the
ecological hydrologic balance
• Street trees, green roofs and
green networks clean pollutants
from the air, minimize the heat
island effect and improve
energy efficiency effectively
reducing the carbon footprint Planters along the street convey, clean and infiltrate runoff from NW
12 Avenue In Portland, Oregon.
http://www.asla.org/awards/2006/06winners/341.html
Smart Growth Principles engage sustainability in the town planning
process utilizing inherent ecological processes and storm water best
management practices (BMPs) and materials

92. Low-Impact Development
• Eco-based watershed approach
• Protects and expands the natural surface drainage
• Treatment Train: incorporates surface drainage and infiltration
in concert with stormwater
Best Management Practices
(BMP)
Restored Prairie surrounding residences as first step in stormwater train at
Prairie Creek, Gray’s Lake, Illinois
http://www.prairiecrossing.com/pc/site/index.html
At Prairie Creek, a four step treatment train
conveys runoff through vegetated swales,
restored prairies and stormwater wetlands to
a constructed lake removing 90% pollutants
and solids, decreasing stormwater volume
and increasing infiltration

93. Stormwater Management
• Connecting and integrating regional and
neighborhood systems
• As a resource to replenish urban streams and
balance hydrology
• As an amenity — environmentally, culturally,
artistically and socially
• Enhancing urban spatial patterns
• Restoring natural functions
Heritage Park, Minnesota
Gerling, c. & Keller, R., Skinny Streets
and Green Neighborhoods
At Heritage Park,
a greenway utilizes
stormwater gardens
to link neighborhoods
divided by a heavily
traveled roadway
Mount Tabor Middle School Rain Garden,
Portland, Oregon Kevin Robert Perry, ASLA
http://www.asla.org/awards/2007/07winners/517_nna.html

94. Stormwater BMP
• Bioswales and infiltration basins
• Infiltration planters and
rain gardens
• Eco and green roofs
• Trees and vegetation
• Cisterns
• Pervious pavement, concrete,
asphalt, pavement blocks and
turf blocks
Bioswale intercepting and infiltrating stormwater
from adjacent parking lot
http://www.portlandonline.com/bes/index.cfm?c=43110&

95. Energy Efficiency
Generate energy:
• Solar panels
• Passive and active
solar systems
• Wind turbines
Conserve energy:
• Green roofs
• Trees
• Green buildings
Solar panel array over a parking lot reduces heat island effect as well as collecting energy
Green roof, Robertson
Building, Toronto
http://www.flickr.com/photo
s/horticulturaltherapystuden
t/864775470/page2/

96. SINGAPORE-A Sustainable CITY
Designing our city looks at
how Singapore is planned
for long-term
sustainability, encouraging
us to think about how we
can shape it
and new ideas that can
transform our future.
Planning for Sustainibility
sustainabilit

98. While our challenges today are vastly different from the 1960s, our
priority remains the same: catering for economic growth and a good
quality of life, maintaining a clean and green environment, and
making the best use of our resources.
Our objectives are:
Economic:
Sustain a robust and vibrant
economy
Social:
Provide a good quality of
living and
a sense of well-being for all
Environmental:
Develop in an
environmentally
responsible manner
Land and sea:
Optimise our limited land
and sea space

100. Resources:Singapore has in place innovative
environmental policies and technologies
to manage our precious water, waste and
energy resources.
climate change:The Sustainable Singapore
Blueprint released by the Inter-Ministerial
Committee in April 2009 has set out strategies
to reduce our energy intensity, improve our
water conservation and recycling participation
rate. In December 2009

101. Decisions for the future
The challenge of balancing land use needs within Singapore has never been an
easy one. In making five decisions made by planners 40 years ago that have a
significant impact on our lives today.
Greening paid off
Even in the 1960s when
planners grappled with
slums and overcrowding,
greening was made a
priority.
Today, Singapore stands
out as a City in a Garden.
DID YOU KNOW?
Since 1971, a Tree Planting Day
has been held every year without
fail, where Members of Parliament,
community leaders, and others
plant saplings throughout the
island.
Marina Bay realised
Marina Bay as a seamless
extension of the Central
Business District, was first
mooted in the 1970s. From
just an empty land, it has
become an iconic destination.
DID YOU KNOW?
Land around Marina Bay was
reclaimed throughout the 1970s,
1980s and 1990s.
The first detailed land use plan
was exhibited in 1992. Planners
have worked on this project
from the 1970s until today.
Airport relocated
The international airport was
relocated to the east as
decided in the 1971 Concept
Plan, allowing for several
expansions. It is one of the
busiest in the world.
DID YOU KNOW?
The idea of reclaiming land at Changi
was inspired by then Prime Minister Lee
Kuan Yew’s visit to Boston’s Logan
Airport, where planes took off and
landed over water, reducing
aircraft noise took off and landed over
water, reducing aircraft noise. took off
and landed over water, reducing
aircraft noise.
1960
1970
1971
NOW
NOW
NOW

102. Jurong Island
Jurong Island as a chemicals
hub was conceived in 1991. It
not only supports our
industrial
needs but frees up land for
other needs. It is one of Asia’s
leading petrochemical hubs.
DID YOU KNOW?
Jurong Island has a dedicated “plug
and play” infrastructure to help
companies save on capital costs and
build synergy through product
integration
The island has a rock cavern at a
depth of 130 m, Southeast Asia’s first
Underground liquid hydrocarbon
storage facility.
.
1991 NOW
2001
Bustling hubs
The idea for commercial
and regional centres was
introduced in the 1991
Concept
Plan. Tampines Regional and
Novena Fringe Centres have
since become bustling hubs.
More are underway.
DID YOU KNOW?
The centres were mooted by
planners as a way to better
manage peak-hour congestion
traffic in and out of the city and to
bring jobs closer to homes.
NOW

103. Compact city Housing for all
Quality living

104. Sustaining growth:
Given our limited resources, we will need tocontinue to
sustain our economic growth to provide good jobs,
maintain high living standards, and remain attractive to
visitors and investors With increasing global competition
and the rise of regional economies, maintaining our
economic competitiveness will be even more important to
attract growth opportunities to
create more higher-value jobs.
.
Décentralisation:
To reduce peak-hour congestion from traffic
flowing in and out of the city-centre, regional
and fringe centres outside of the city centre
were introduced in the 1991 Concept Plan to
bring jobs closer to home.

105. Going public :Public transport is a more effective and also environmentally-friendly way to travel as compared
to cars.
The rail network and bus services have been continuously enhanced to make public transport a more
convenient way to travel.

106. Play options:To complete the total quality living environment, creative strategies have been adopted
to leverage on Singapore’s key assets to enhance our leisure environment. One of them is the deliberate
introduction of
greenery everywhere
.
options
The result is Singapore as a City in a Garden, from streetscape and
skyrise greenery to parks within 400 m of most homes
,

110. Architectural significanceand rarity
Cultural, social,
religious and historical significance
contribution to
the environment
and identity
economic impact
Economic impact

112. Smarter power grids

113. Climatic mapping:To help create cooler and more comfortable environments for
people to enjoy, URA is leading an ongoing climatic mapping island-wide study
that examines the impact of buildings, greenery, and urban spaces on micro-
climatic conditions like air flow and temperatures.

114. living lab
For cities to address complex urbanisation and
environmental challenges of the future, there is a need
to constantly seek out viable new ideas, technologies,
and smarter solutions.
Singapore sees itself as a living laboratory.
In recent years, many companies and research
institutes, in partnership with government agencies
have developed new technologies and have been
testing out new urban solutions in Singapore that can
be commercialised and replicated elsewhere.
Sustainable water solutions
Intelligent transport systems
Largest solar test-bed
Climatic mapping
Smarter power grids

115. Jurong Lake District
Jurong Lake District is the largest of three new growth
areas being developed. Covering 360 ha of land, it is
envisioned to provide at least 500,000 sqm of office
space, 250,000 sqm of retail, F&B, and entertainment
space, 2,800 hotel rooms and a number of edutainment
attractions.
Marina Bay
Marina Bay is Singapore’s most ambitious urban
transformation project. It is envisioned as a
vibrant 24/7 environmentally-friendly mixed use
precinct where people live, work, and play in.
Punggol Eco-Town
Punggol Town is Singapore’s first
waterfront ecotown. It is planned
with a holistic framework that takes
into account social, economic, and
environmental considerations.
Punggol is designed to have
smallermore intimate estates with a
central common green.
CleanTech Park
CleanTech Park is set to be the
choice location for green-minded
business owners. Developed by JTC
Corporation, the 50 ha development
will push the
boundaries of sustainability, serving
as a large-scale integrated “living
laboratory” for test-bedding and
demonstration of systems-level
clean technology solutions.

116. Singapore 2030 is no Utopia
but nevertheless, I envision it to be a
place
where ordinary people show civic pride,
are much more conscious of the
environmental
consequences of their personal choices,
where institutions and corporations adopt
sustainable practices not just because it is
economically or politically correct to do so,
but because it is the responsible thing to
do.
To get there, government will need to
further develop a carefully calibrated set of
positive and negative incentives to align
behaviour with consequences
Above all, it needs to show the way in
embedding sustainability throughout its
practices and policies.

117. •Conclusion
•It becomes necessary to adopt the use of alternative building
materials & Construction technologies due to adverse effect of
using scarce resources carelessly and eventual rise in the cost of
the project.
•The Sustainable Design should be seen in relation with the
selection of ecological and economical materials, usage of
recycled wastes and composites which can considerably affect
the economy and ecology of construction
•Product selection can begin after the establishment of project-
specific environmental and economical goals.

118. The process of Sustainable Design is a complex
exercise involving interactive relationships
between Parameters of diverse nature and
varying magnitudes.
A logical process based on quantitative
assessment leading to qualitative decisions that
respond to economical and ecological context
will result in satisfactory environment
comfortable to the human beings,
A SUSTAINABLE HABITAT
CONCLUSION