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‫ل‬‫ترجمة‬‫لكلمة‬‫دون‬‫قراءة‬‫الجملة‬‫ول‬ ...‫ترجمة‬‫لجملة‬‫دون‬‫قراءة‬‫الفقرة‬‫ول‬‫ترجمة‬‫للفقرة‬‫دون‬‫التعرف‬‫علي‬‫السياق‬
‫فالترجمة‬ .‫العام‬‫ليست‬‫مجرد‬‫نقل‬‫كلمة‬‫أو‬‫لفظ‬‫وإنما‬‫هي‬‫نقل‬‫مفاهيم‬‫الكلم‬‫بكل‬‫ما‬‫حولها‬‫من‬‫إيحاءات‬‫وشحنات‬‫عاطفية‬‫أو‬
‫عقلنية‬‫تربطها‬‫بالنص‬‫من‬‫خل ل‬‫ألفاظ‬‫فالكلمات‬‫كالكائن‬‫الحي‬‫ل‬‫يعيش‬‫إل‬‫في‬‫مجتمع‬‫ول‬‫تستمد‬‫وجودها‬‫إل‬‫من‬‫بيئة‬
‫حولها‬‫تتعايش‬.‫معها‬
‫خذ‬‫مثا ل‬‫فكلمة‬ :)Home‫من‬ (‫الصعب‬‫ترجمتها‬‫خارج‬‫السياق‬،‫فاذا‬‫وردت‬‫في‬‫سياق‬‫هذه‬‫الجملة‬‫تكون‬‫الترجمة‬‫دون‬‫أي‬
‫لبس‬‫"أنه‬‫في‬"‫المنز ل‬"He is at home"
‫لكن‬‫عند‬‫كلمة‬home‫في‬‫جملة‬-:‫مثل‬"Home means a lot to me"
‫تصبح‬‫هذه‬‫الكلمة‬‫صعبة‬‫الترجمة‬‫في‬‫الجلمة‬‫ذاتها‬‫ولبد‬‫من‬‫قراءة‬‫النص‬‫بأكمله‬‫وإليك‬
‫هذه‬‫الحتمالت‬:
1‫أحد‬ -‫المغتربين‬‫في‬‫الخارج‬‫يتحدث‬‫إلي‬‫زميله‬‫مرددا‬‫الجملة‬‫السابقة‬‫فتكون‬‫كلمة‬)Home‫هنا‬ (.‫الوطن‬
2‫سيدة‬ -‫أعما ل‬‫تغادر‬‫بيتها‬‫في‬‫الصباح‬‫وتعود‬‫في‬‫المساء‬‫فكلمة‬ .)Home‫تعني‬ (‫لها‬‫الحياة‬.‫السرية‬
3‫أحد‬ -‫العاملين‬‫في‬‫الصحراء‬‫في‬‫البترو ل‬‫مثل‬‫تفوه‬‫بكلمة‬)Home‫فهى‬ (‫تعني‬‫له‬‫الراحة‬‫والدفء‬.
‫لذا‬‫تعتمد‬‫الترجمة‬‫اساسا‬‫علي‬.‫المعاني‬
‫يظن‬‫الكثير‬‫ان‬‫صعوبة‬‫الترجمة‬‫تكمن‬‫في‬‫صعوبة‬‫الكلمات‬‫والمفرادات‬‫المعطاة‬‫‘ولكن‬‫البناء‬‫اللغوي‬‫السليم‬‫للجملة‬
‫المعطاة‬‫هو‬‫البداية‬‫الصحيحة‬‫لضمان‬‫الحصو ل‬‫علي‬‫درجة‬‫سؤا ل‬.‫الترجمة‬
1-‫التمكن‬‫من‬‫قواعد‬‫اللغة‬‫التي‬‫درستها‬‫وتدرسها‬‫والتي‬‫تمكنك‬‫من‬‫البناء‬‫السليم‬‫للجملة‬
‫واليك‬‫هذا‬:‫المثال‬
‫"لقد‬‫حققت‬‫مصر‬‫انجازات‬‫عظيمة‬‫خل ل‬‫العشرون‬‫سنة‬"‫الخيرة‬
‫فابدا‬:‫كاليتي‬
‫حدد‬‫هذة‬‫العناصر‬
‫إذن‬‫فاعل‬‫الجملة‬‫)مصر‬‫والفعل‬ (‫)حققت‬‫والمفعو ل‬ ((‫)انجازات‬
‫ملحوظة‬:‫كلمة‬‫تعطي‬ "‫"لقد‬‫الفضلية‬‫لزمن‬‫المضارع‬‫التام‬‫مع‬‫العلم‬‫انها‬‫سوف‬‫تحذف‬‫عند‬‫الترجمة‬
‫وماذا‬‫عن‬‫مكان‬‫الصفة‬‫؟‬‫دائما‬‫قبل‬‫السم‬‫)ولتجمع‬.(‫أبدا‬
‫إذا‬‫الاجابة‬‫المقترحة‬‫هي‬:
Egypt has made great achievements during the last twenty years.
2-‫حدد‬‫زمن‬:‫هل‬ ‫الجملة‬‫هو‬‫مضارع‬‫أم‬‫ماضي‬‫أم‬‫مستقبل‬‫أم‬‫مزيج‬‫من‬‫الزمنة‬:
‫"لقد‬‫نجحت‬‫مصر‬‫في‬‫اجمع‬‫شمل‬‫القادة‬‫العرب‬‫وسيكون‬‫لهذا‬‫أثرا‬‫طيبا‬‫علي‬‫عملية‬"‫السل"م‬
‫لحظ‬‫الجملة‬ :‫هنا‬‫تحتوي‬‫علي‬‫أكثر‬‫من‬‫الجزء‬ .‫زمن‬‫الو ل‬‫من‬‫الجملة‬‫يحتوي‬‫علي‬‫زمن‬‫مضارع‬‫والخر‬‫لنري‬ .‫مستقبل‬
‫كيف‬‫تكون‬‫الترجمة‬‫؟‬
Egypt has succeeded in closing the ranks of the Arab leaders and this will have a great
effect on the peace process.
3-‫تجنب‬‫دائما‬‫الترجمة‬‫الحرفية‬‫التي‬‫تؤدي‬‫إلي‬‫تحطيم‬‫الشكل‬‫السليم‬.‫فمثل‬ ‫للجملة‬:
‫"مازلنا‬‫نعاني‬‫من‬‫مشكلة‬"‫البطالة‬
"Still suffer from problem of unemployment" (X)
‫وهذه‬‫ترجمة‬‫طالب‬‫لم‬‫يطبق‬‫قواعد‬‫اللغة‬‫وبالتالي‬‫فالجملة‬‫خطأ‬‫تماما‬‫والصحيح‬‫هو‬:
"We are still suffering from the problem of unemployment"
4 3 2 1
‫باقي‬‫الجملة‬ ‫مفعو ل‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫فاعل‬
25
‫هذا‬ ‫أهدي‬ ‫الزعزاء‬ ‫طليبي‬ ‫إل‬
‫الصاص‬ ‫الزء‬‫بالترجمة‬
‫باليتي‬ ‫ال‬ ‫يتحقق‬ ‫ل‬ ‫وهذا‬
‫أنظر‬ )‫إلي‬‫الجزء‬‫الخاص‬‫بــ‬Word order(
4-‫يجب‬‫أن‬‫تتعامل‬‫بشكل‬‫صحيح‬‫مع‬)Verb to be(:
‫لن‬‫يتركيب‬‫الجملة‬‫في‬‫اللغة‬‫العربية‬‫قد‬‫يؤدي‬‫إلي‬‫نسيانه‬،‫نقو ل"الطالب‬‫ماهر"اين‬‫فعل‬‫الجملة‬‫؟‬
‫في‬‫الواقع‬‫هي‬‫جملة‬‫سليمة‬‫ول‬‫تحتاج‬‫فعل‬‫في‬‫اللغة‬‫العربية‬‫لكن‬‫في‬‫النجليزية‬‫لبد‬‫من‬.‫الفعل‬
‫فنقو ل‬:"The student is clever"
‫الن‬‫يتراجم‬‫بنفسك‬‫"إن‬ :‫صحراء‬‫مصر‬‫غنية‬‫بثراويتها‬"‫الطبيعية‬
"Egypt …..rich in its natural resource"
‫حاو ل‬‫أن‬‫تتعرف‬‫علي‬‫الناقص‬
‫أنظر‬ )‫الجزء‬‫الخاص‬‫بـ‬)verb to be(
5-‫ايضا‬‫يجب‬‫أن‬‫تتعامل‬‫بشكل‬‫صحيح‬‫مع‬)verb to have:(
‫فمثل‬‫"لدينا‬‫الكثير‬‫من‬‫الموارد‬‫هنا‬ "‫الطبيعي‬‫اين‬‫الفاعل‬‫والفعل‬‫)نحن‬‫وتكون‬ (‫نمتلك‬:‫الترجمة‬
"We have a lot of natural resource".
6-‫المفعول‬‫المطلق‬‫ل‬‫يترجم‬‫ولكن‬‫يستخدم‬‫ظرف‬‫أو‬‫جملة‬‫ظرفية‬‫تدل‬‫علي‬:‫معناه‬
-‫تهتم‬‫الدولة‬‫بالتعليم‬‫اهتماما‬‫كبيرا‬.
 The start is (greatly) seriously interested in Education.
-‫تطورت‬‫الظروف‬‫الجتماعية‬‫في‬‫مصر‬‫تطورا‬‫كبيرا‬
 Social conditions in Egypt have significantly changed.
-‫ازداد‬‫الموقف‬‫سوءا‬‫بشكل‬.‫خطير‬
 The situation grew seriously worse.
7-‫دائما‬‫الصفة‬‫تأتي‬‫قبل‬‫السم‬‫والظرف‬‫بعد‬‫الفعل‬‫وعلمته‬"ly"‫ماعدا‬:‫الشواذ‬
 He is foolish boy. ‫انه‬‫ولد‬‫أحمق‬
 He behaves foolishly. ‫انه‬‫يتصرف‬‫بحماقة‬
‫اما‬‫الظرف‬‫الذي‬‫ينتهي‬‫بـ‬"ly"‫مثل‬quietly‫فتكون‬‫ترجمته‬)‫بشكل‬‫هادئ‬-‫علي‬‫نحو‬( ..‫الخ‬ ‫هادئ‬
8-‫اذا‬‫كان‬‫النص‬‫المراد‬‫ترجمته‬‫مكتوب‬‫بلغة‬‫المبني‬‫للمجهول‬‫يفضل‬‫استخدام‬‫لغة‬
‫المبني‬:‫للمعلوم‬
 The operation was performed by a well-known surgeon.
‫قام‬‫جراح‬‫مشهور‬‫باجراء‬‫العملية‬) .‫لقد‬ ‫الجراحية‬‫أجري‬‫العملية‬‫جراح‬(.‫مشهور‬
9-‫تستخدم‬"of"‫عندما‬‫يكون‬‫المضاف‬‫اليه‬‫غير‬‫عاقل‬‫مثل‬:
 The ministry of Education ‫وزارة‬‫التعليم‬
 The problem of unemployment ‫مشكلة‬‫البطالة‬
10-‫تستخدم‬"S"‫الملكية‬‫عندما‬‫يكون‬‫المضاف‬‫اليه‬‫عاقل‬‫مثل‬:
‫ملكية‬‫مفرد‬' )s‫منزل‬‫والدتي‬(My mother's house.
‫ملكية‬‫جمع‬)'s‫منزل‬‫والدي‬(My parents' house.
11-‫اداة‬‫النصب‬" "‫ليس‬ ‫إن‬‫لها‬‫مكان‬‫عند‬‫الترجمة‬‫النجليزية‬‫فمثل‬:
‫أن‬‫زيادة‬‫النتاج‬‫هي‬‫السبيل‬‫الوحيد‬‫لبناء‬‫المجتمع‬‫المثالي‬‫الذي‬‫نسعي‬.‫إليه‬
Increasing production is the only way to build up the ideal society for which we aspire.
12-‫حفظ‬‫ما‬‫تيسر‬‫لك‬‫من‬‫الفعال‬‫وحروف‬‫الجر‬‫الخاصة‬‫بها‬:
‫فمثل‬:‫ترجمة‬‫هذه‬‫الجملة‬"‫مدرسي‬‫مسرور‬‫من‬"‫عملي‬
 "My teacher is pleased with my work"
 Pleased from ‫من‬‫الخطأ‬‫أن‬‫نقول‬
 The child is afraid of the lion. ‫ايضا‬‫الطفل‬‫خائف‬‫من‬‫السد‬
‫من‬‫الخطأ‬‫القول‬)afraid from(
26
13-‫حفظ‬‫الفعال‬‫التي‬‫ل‬‫تحتاج‬‫إلي‬‫حروف‬:‫جر‬
‫الن‬‫ترجم‬‫هذه‬‫الجملة‬"‫نحن‬‫نحتفل‬‫بعيد‬"‫الطفولة‬
 We celebrate the Child day
 We enjoyed the party . ‫استمتعنا‬‫بالحفلة‬
‫اين‬‫حرف‬‫الجر‬‫؟‬‫هذه‬‫الفعال‬‫ل‬‫تحتاج‬‫بعدها‬‫حرف‬‫جر‬‫واليك‬‫بعض‬‫هذه‬‫الفعال‬:
‫يعجب‬‫بــ‬Admire‫يؤثر‬‫علي‬Affect
‫يدين‬‫بـ‬Owe‫يحتفل‬‫بـ‬Celebrate
‫يشتمل‬‫علي‬Include‫يشعر‬‫بـ‬Feel
‫يضحي‬Sacrifice‫يلتحق‬‫بـ‬Join
‫يتعرف‬‫علي‬Recognize‫يتمتع‬‫بــ‬Enjoy
‫يحصل‬‫علي‬Obtain‫يقبض‬‫علي‬Arrest
‫يخشي‬‫أن‬Fear‫يصل‬‫إلي‬Reach
14-‫حفظ‬‫تصريفات‬‫الفعال‬‫الشائعة‬‫حتي‬‫تتمكن‬‫من‬‫كتابة‬‫الجملة‬‫في‬‫زمنها‬‫الصحيح‬:
‫فمثل‬:"‫لقد‬‫أصبح‬‫التعليم‬‫من‬‫أهم‬‫الهداف‬‫التي‬‫تسعي‬‫الحكومة‬"‫لتحقيقها‬
 Developing education has become one of the most important aims which our government
tries to achieve.
‫لحظ‬‫هنا‬‫استخدام‬‫المضارع‬‫التام‬‫والذي‬‫يتكون‬‫من‬)has & have + p.p( .‫وقد‬‫آثرنا‬‫استخدام‬‫هذا‬‫الزمن‬
‫لوجود‬‫نتيجة‬15-‫من‬+‫صفة‬+‫لـ‬‫أو‬‫علي‬+‫مفعول‬: +‫ان‬
 It is + adj. + for + n + to + inf.
‫من‬‫الفضل‬‫لنا‬‫أن‬‫نتعلم‬‫اللغات‬‫الجنبية‬‫لنها‬‫وسيلة‬‫للتصال‬‫بين‬‫الناس‬
 It is better for us to learn foreign languages because they are means of communication
among people.
16-‫الضمائر‬‫المستترة‬‫فى‬‫العربية‬pronouns‫يجب‬‫إظهارها‬‫عند‬‫الترجمة‬‫إلى‬:‫النجليزية‬
‫نفخر‬‫بأن‬‫التعليم‬‫هو‬‫المشروع‬‫الول‬‫في‬‫مصر‬)3‫ث‬2003(
We're proud that education is the first national project in Egypt
17-‫لم‬‫التعليل‬‫تترجم‬‫إلى‬:‫المصدر‬+In order to / so as to / to…
‫سهر‬‫طوال‬‫الليل‬‫لينهى‬‫جميع‬‫أعماله‬
He sat up all night so as to get all his work over.
18-‫الضمير‬‫المضاف‬‫إلي‬‫فعل‬‫يترجم‬‫إلي‬)‫ضمير‬‫مفعول‬–herme – him – emth –us:(
‫إن‬‫تعلم‬‫اللغات‬‫الجنبية‬‫يمكننا‬‫من‬‫قراءة‬‫الصحف‬.‫العالمية‬
Learning foreign languages enable us to read the international newspapers.
19‫الضمير‬ -‫المضاف‬‫إلي‬‫اسم‬‫يترجم‬‫إلي‬‫)صفة‬‫ملكية‬(myher-their-- his-our-itsyour:( -
‫يزور‬‫مصر‬‫كثير‬‫من‬‫السياح‬‫كل‬‫عام‬‫لمشاهدة‬‫أثارها‬‫القديمة‬
Every year, a lot of tourists visit Egypt to watch its ancient monument
20-‫السماء‬‫المعنوية‬‫ل‬‫تأخذ‬the‫عند‬‫ترجمتها‬‫إلى‬:‫النجليزية‬
Honour ‫الشرف‬ Virtue ‫الفضيلة‬ Peace ‫السلم‬
Beauty ‫الجمال‬ Love ‫الحب‬ Friendship ‫الصدقة‬
truth ‫الصدق‬ progress ‫التقدم‬ Honesty ‫المانة‬
‫يرجع‬‫التقدم‬‫فى‬‫الزراعة‬‫والصناعة‬‫والطب‬‫إلى‬‫العلم‬.‫الحديث‬
Progress in agriculture, industry and medicine is due to modern science.
‫فهنا‬‫نتكلم‬‫عن‬‫التقدم‬‫والصناعة‬‫والزارعة‬‫بصفة‬‫عامة‬‫فل‬‫يصح‬‫أن‬‫نقول‬The progress
‫ولكن‬‫إذا‬‫خصصنا‬‫وقلنا‬‫التقدم‬‫فى‬‫مصر‬The progress in Egypt………
21-‫الصفة‬‫المسبوقة‬‫بـ‬)the(‫ول‬‫يتبعها‬‫أسم‬‫تترجم‬‫إلي‬‫اسم‬‫جمع‬‫في‬‫اللغة‬:‫العربية‬
27
‫النغنياء‬the rich‫الفقراء‬ –the poor‫البكم‬ -the dumb
22-‫السماء‬‫التى‬‫ل‬‫تجمع‬Uncountable Nouns‫ل‬‫تأخذ‬‫أداة‬‫المعرفة‬the:
paper ‫الورق‬ luggage ‫المتعة‬ baggage ‫الحقائب‬
Grass ‫العشب‬ money ‫المال‬ oil ‫الزيت‬
electricity ‫الكهرباء‬ information ‫معلومات‬ news ‫أخبار‬
23-‫كلمات‬‫التوكيد‬‫فى‬‫اللغة‬‫العربية‬‫ليست‬‫لها‬:‫ترجمة‬
‫إن‬‫الصناعة‬‫هى‬‫أساس‬‫التنمية‬
.development. * Industry is the basis of
24-‫حرف‬‫الـ‬)‫س‬(‫وكلمة‬( )‫المرادف‬ ‫سوف‬‫لهما‬‫فى‬‫اللغة‬‫النجليزية‬‫هو‬‫زمن‬‫المستقبل‬
:‫البسيط‬
*The government will build a lot of schools. ‫ستبنى‬‫الحكومة‬‫مدارس‬‫كثيرة‬
25- ‫لقد‬+‫فعل‬‫ماضى‬‫وفى‬‫الجملة‬‫إشارة‬‫تدل‬‫على‬‫الماضى‬‫البسيط‬‫تترجم‬‫إلى‬‫ماضى‬
‫بسيط‬: *He telephoned me yesterday.
‫لقد‬‫اتصل‬‫بى‬‫أمس‬‫ا‬ً ‫هاتفي‬
26-‫لقد‬+‫فعل‬‫ماضى‬‫بدون‬‫أى‬‫إشارة‬‫تدل‬‫على‬‫الماضى‬‫تترجم‬‫لمضارع‬:‫تام‬
‫لقد‬‫اهتمت‬‫الدولة‬‫بالتعليم‬
*The state has taken great interest in education.
‫لقد‬‫ساعد‬‫العلم‬‫النسان‬‫على‬‫أن‬‫يحيا‬‫حياة‬‫مريحة‬
*Science has helped man to lead a comfortable life.
‫لقد‬‫أصبح‬‫من‬‫الواضح‬‫إن‬‫المدمان‬‫هو‬‫وباء‬‫العصر‬
*It has become clear that addiction is the plague of the age.
‫لقد‬‫شهدت‬‫مصر‬‫قفزة‬‫حضارية‬‫كبيرة‬‫فى‬‫جميع‬‫المجالت‬
*Egypt has witnessed a great cultural leap in all fields.
27-‫قد‬+‫فعل‬‫مضارع‬‫فإن‬‫ذلك‬‫يدل‬‫على‬‫الحتمال‬‫و‬‫نستخدم‬:may
‫قد‬‫يشهد‬‫هذا‬‫العام‬‫تطورات‬‫هائلة‬‫نحو‬‫السلم‬
*This year may witness immense development towards peace.
28-‫لن‬+‫فعل‬‫مضارع‬‫يقابله‬‫فى‬‫النجليزية‬‫مستقبل‬‫بسيط‬‫منفى‬future simple:
*I won’t do that again. ‫لن‬‫أفعل‬‫ذلك‬‫مرة‬‫أخرى‬
29-‫لم‬+‫فعل‬‫مضارع‬‫يقابله‬‫فى‬‫النجليزية‬‫ماضى‬‫بسيط‬:Past simple
‫لم‬‫يحضر‬‫أحمد‬‫حفل‬‫عيد‬‫ميلمدى‬*Ahmed did not attend my birthday party.
30-‫كان‬+‫فعل‬‫مضارع‬‫يقابله‬‫فى‬‫النجليزية‬‫ماضى‬‫مستمر‬:
‫كان‬‫والدى‬‫يقرأ‬‫الصحيفة‬‫عندما‬‫مدق‬‫جرس‬‫الباب‬
*Dad was reading the paper when the doorbell rang
31-‫كان‬+‫فعل‬‫مضارع‬‫يقابله‬‫فى‬‫النجليزية‬‫الماضى‬‫البسيط‬‫إذا‬‫دل‬‫على‬‫عادة‬‫فى‬
:‫الماضى‬
‫كان‬‫القدماء‬‫المصريون‬‫يبنون‬‫أهرامهم‬‫من‬‫الحجارة‬
*The Ancient Egyptians built their pyramids of stones.
‫الفعل‬‫المضارع‬‫فى‬‫اللغة‬‫العربية‬‫قد‬‫يقابله‬‫فى‬‫النجليزية‬‫الفعل‬+ing:
*I saw him playing ‫رأيته‬‫يلعب‬
32-‫كان‬+‫قد‬+‫فعل‬‫ماضى‬‫يقابله‬‫فى‬‫النجليزية‬‫الماضي‬‫التام‬:
‫عندما‬‫وصلت‬‫إلى‬‫السينما‬‫كان‬‫الفيلم‬‫قد‬.‫بدأ‬
*When I arrived at the cinema the film had started.
33‫في‬ -‫حالة‬‫المضاف‬‫والمضاف‬‫إليه‬‫تستخدم‬of‫أو‬‫يأتى‬‫المضاف‬‫إليه‬‫ثم‬‫المضاف‬
*The school gate = the gate of the school ‫بوابة‬‫المدرسة‬ *Book fair ‫معرض‬‫الكتاب‬
*Birth rate = the rate of birth ‫معدل‬‫المواليد‬
*Pollution of environment = environment pollution
28
*Standard of living = living stander ‫مستوى‬‫المعيشة‬
34‫يراعى‬ -‫زمن‬‫الجملة‬‫وصيغتها‬‫)مبنى‬‫للمجهول‬‫أم‬‫مبنى‬(‫للمعلوم‬
Tourism is considered an important source ‫تعتبر‬‫السياحة‬‫ا‬ً ‫مصدر‬‫هاما‬
We consider tourism an important source ‫نحن‬‫نعتبر‬‫السياحة‬‫ا‬ً ‫مصدر‬‫ا‬ً ‫هام‬
35-‫يجب‬‫ان‬‫نتخير‬‫اللفاظ‬‫النجليزية‬‫الصحيحة‬:
‫أمسكت‬‫بحقيبتي‬‫حين‬‫غادرت‬‫المنزل‬*I held my bag when I left home
‫أمسكت‬‫باللص‬‫قبل‬‫ان‬‫يهرب‬
* I caught the thief before he escaped.
‫عزيز‬
‫ي‬‫الطالب‬‫عند‬‫الترجمة‬‫من‬‫عربي‬‫إلي‬‫انجليزي‬–‫ترجم‬‫أول‬‫من‬‫عربي‬‫إلي‬‫عربي‬‫لكي‬‫تفهم‬‫معني‬‫الجملة‬‫واذا‬‫وقفت‬
‫امامك‬‫كلمة‬‫صعبة‬‫عليك‬‫أن‬‫تبحث‬‫في‬‫ذهنك‬‫عن‬‫كلمة‬‫قريبة‬‫منها‬‫وتؤدي‬‫نفس‬‫المعني‬‫تقريبا‬‫ل‬ً : ‫فمث‬:
‫أفضل‬‫المنتجات‬‫الوطنية‬‫لنها‬‫صناعة‬-:‫مصرية‬
‫أفترض‬‫انك‬‫ل‬‫تعرف‬‫كلمة‬‫المنتجات‬)Products(‫يمكنك‬‫أن‬‫تبحث‬‫عن‬‫بديل‬‫قريب‬‫للمعني‬‫مثل‬‫البضائع‬
)goods(‫أو‬‫السلع‬)articles.... (‫وهكذا‬...‫وافترض‬‫انك‬‫ل‬‫تعرف‬‫ايضا‬‫كلمة‬‫الوطنية‬)national(
‫فيمكنك‬‫استخدام‬‫كلمة‬local‫وتعني‬‫المحلية‬‫والمعني‬‫واحد‬‫تقريبا‬)‫المنتجات‬‫الوطنية‬) (‫البضائع‬
(‫المهم‬ ‫المحلية‬‫أن‬‫تتصرف‬
‫أيضا‬‫إذا‬‫طلب‬‫منك‬‫أن‬‫تترجم‬‫هذه‬‫الجملة‬-:
"‫أنه‬‫من‬‫الصعب‬‫أن‬‫يعيش‬‫النسان‬‫بل‬"‫عمل‬
‫افترض‬‫انك‬‫لتعرف‬‫عبارة‬"‫انة‬‫من‬‫الصعب‬"It is difficult"‫فيمكنك‬‫ان‬‫تقول‬"It is not easy"‫والمعني‬
‫واحد‬
‫لحظ‬‫انه‬‫في‬‫اللغة‬‫النجليزية‬‫نفضل‬‫ان‬‫يكون‬‫ظرف‬‫الزمان‬‫والمكان‬‫اما‬
‫في‬‫بداية‬‫الجملة‬‫او‬‫نهايتها‬‫واليك‬‫المثال‬‫التالى‬:
"‫يقام‬‫مهرجان‬‫للفنون‬‫الشعبية‬‫في‬‫السماعلية‬‫كل‬‫عام‬‫وتشترك‬‫فية‬‫فرق‬‫من‬‫معظم‬‫دول‬"‫العالم‬
Every year in Ismailia a folk festival is held and most of world countries take part in it .
‫ايضا‬‫اذا‬‫طلب‬‫منك‬‫ان‬‫تترجم‬‫هذة‬:‫الجملة‬
"‫غزو‬‫الصحراء‬‫وتحويلها‬‫الي‬‫اراضي‬‫صالحة‬‫للزراعة‬‫ضروريا‬‫لزيادة‬‫النتاج‬"
‫عبارة‬‫اراضي‬‫صالحة‬‫للزراعة‬=cultivable lands‫يمكنك‬‫ان‬‫تستخدم‬‫اخر‬‫مثل‬green lands......‫وهكذا‬
‫ف‬‫التمج ة‬‫من‬‫اللغ ة‬‫الجنليزي ة‬‫ال‬‫العربي ة‬ :
1‫قد‬ -‫تعترضك‬‫كلمة‬‫في‬‫الفقرة‬‫النجليزية‬‫‘تستعصي‬‫عليك‬‫ترجمتها‬‫‘فلتتوقف‬‫عند‬‫الكلمة‬‫‘بل‬‫اقرا‬‫الفقرةككل‬‫‘حينئذ‬
‫سوف‬‫تخمن‬‫معناها‬‫مما‬‫حولها‬‫من‬‫سياق‬‫الكلم‬.
‫خذ‬‫المثا ل‬‫التالي‬ :
 We should insist on buying commodities "made in Egypt "even if we have to pay a little more.
‫في‬‫مثل‬‫هذة‬‫الجملة‬‫قد‬‫تستعصي‬‫علينا‬‫ترجمة‬‫كلمة‬)commodities(‫اذا‬‫توقفنا‬‫عندهااما‬‫اذا‬‫قرانا‬
‫الجملة‬‫ككل‬‫فسوف‬‫تخمن‬‫معناها‬)‫حاجيات‬–- -‫الخ‬ ‫بضائع‬ ‫سلع‬‫فتكون‬‫ترجمة‬‫الجملة‬‫كما‬‫يلي‬:
"‫يجب‬‫ان‬‫تتمسك‬‫بشراء‬‫السلع‬)‫المصنوعة‬‫في‬(‫حتي‬ ‫مصر‬‫ولودفعنا‬‫فيها‬‫ثمنا‬‫اكثر‬‫قليل‬"
‫خذ‬‫المثا ل‬‫التالي‬ :
 "In the 10th of Ramadan city there are 135 plants now in operation and nearly 20.000 flats."
‫لو‬‫تسرعنا‬‫وترجمنا‬‫الكلمات‬‫منفصلة‬‫عن‬‫سياق‬‫الكلم‬‫فسوف‬‫تكون‬‫ترجمتنا‬‫في‬‫النهاية‬‫هكذا‬‫شئيا‬
‫من‬‫العبث‬‫والهواء‬-:
)‫في‬‫مدينة‬‫العاشر‬‫من‬‫رمضان‬‫يوجد‬135‫نبات‬"X"‫في‬‫العملية‬‫الجراحية‬"X"‫حوالي‬20000‫مسطح‬"X("
‫أما‬‫اذا‬‫امعنا‬‫التفكير‬‫فيما‬‫تقرأ‬‫فسوف‬‫تقدم‬‫الترجمة‬‫الصحيحة‬‫التالية‬-:
29
‫لغ ة‬ ‫التمج ة‬
‫التصرف‬
)‫في‬‫مدينة‬‫العاشر‬‫من‬‫رمضان‬‫يوجد‬135‫مصنع‬"‫وحدة‬"‫تعمل‬ ‫صناعية‬‫حاليا‬‫حوالي‬20000‫شقة‬
(‫سكنية‬
‫قد‬‫يجد‬‫الطالب‬‫أو‬‫المترجم‬‫المبتدئ‬–‫في‬‫بعض‬‫الحيان‬‫صعوبة‬‫في‬‫ترجمة‬verb to be‫إلي‬.‫العربية‬
‫وتأتي‬‫تلك‬‫الصعوبة‬‫غالبا‬‫في‬‫اصراره‬‫علي‬‫اظهاره‬‫في‬‫الجملة‬‫العربية‬،‫واستخدام‬‫فعل‬‫الكينونة‬‫للتعبير‬
‫عنه‬‫او‬‫لخفائه‬‫في‬‫فهم‬‫معناه‬‫في‬‫السياق‬‫وللتغلب‬‫علي‬‫تلك‬‫المشكلة‬‫توجد‬‫لدينا‬‫عدة‬‫طرق‬‫مختلفة‬
‫يمكن‬‫اتباع‬‫احدها‬‫للترجمة‬،‫وهي‬‫كما‬‫يلي‬:
1-‫ا‬‫سقاط‬‫الفعل‬‫من‬‫الجملة‬‫العربية‬،‫مثال‬:
 The manger is absent today. ‫المدير‬‫غائب‬‫اليوم‬
2-‫ترجمة‬‫الفعل‬‫بضمير‬‫شخصي‬‫في‬‫اللغة‬‫العربية‬‫مثال‬:
 Egypt is the heart of the Arab Nation. ‫مصر‬‫هي‬‫قلب‬‫المة‬‫العربية‬
3-‫ترجمة‬‫الــ‬verb to be‫بفعل‬‫اخر‬‫في‬‫العربية‬‫غير‬‫فعل‬‫الكيونة‬‫طبقا‬‫لما‬‫يميله‬‫السياق‬
‫وهذه‬‫اكثر‬‫الطرق‬‫اتباعا‬‫وايسرها‬‫في‬‫نقل‬‫المعني‬‫كامل‬‫وبشكل‬‫واضح‬‫واليك‬‫المثلة‬
‫التالية‬:
1- Democracy is a corner stone in our world today.
‫تشكل‬‫الديمقراطية‬‫حجر‬‫زاوية‬‫في‬‫عالمنا‬.‫اليوم‬
2- The era of despotism is warning away.
‫أن‬‫عهد‬‫الستبدلد‬‫أخذ‬‫في‬‫الزوال‬.
3- The wedding was last week.
‫تم‬‫عقد‬‫القران‬‫السبوع‬‫الماضي‬
4-Rolex is a gold watch.
‫ساعة‬‫رولكس‬‫مصنوعة‬‫من‬‫الذهب‬
5-A knife is for cutting
‫تستخدم‬‫السكين‬‫للقطع‬
‫يجب‬‫مراعاة‬‫ان‬‫العداد‬‫من‬1‫إلي‬9‫يتكتب‬‫ا‬ً ‫هجائي‬‫دائما‬،‫أما‬‫زاد‬‫عن‬‫ذلك‬‫فيكتب‬:‫ارقاما‬
 Nine people were killed ‫لقي‬‫تسعة‬‫أشخاص‬‫مصرعهم‬
 And 112 were injured ‫واصيب‬112‫شخصا‬‫أخرين‬
‫مع‬‫ملحظة‬‫انه‬‫عندما‬‫تبدأ‬‫الحملة‬‫النجليزية‬‫بذكر‬‫العدد‬‫فانه‬‫يكتب‬‫هجائيا‬‫دائما‬‫ايا‬
‫كانت‬‫قيمته‬
 Seventy-six people were arrested.
 Ten thousands were laid off.
‫جرت‬‫العادة‬‫الخاطئة‬‫أن‬‫تترجم‬‫كلمة‬only‫بكلمة‬‫فقط‬‫بغض‬‫النظر‬‫عن‬‫المعني‬‫الذي‬‫يمليه‬‫السياق‬‫ولنستعرض‬‫سويا‬
‫بعض‬‫الساليب‬‫المقترحة‬only‫بالمعني‬‫الصحيح‬‫حسبما‬‫يقتضي‬‫السياق‬‫مع‬‫الحفاظ‬‫علي‬‫قوة‬‫الدللة‬‫التي‬‫تحملها‬only
‫في‬‫الجملة‬‫واليك‬ ...‫المثا ل‬‫التالي‬:
 Only five members attended the meeting
‫والتراجم‬‫المقترحة‬‫لها‬:
1-‫لم‬‫يحضر‬‫الجتماع‬‫سوى‬‫خمسة‬‫اعضاء‬.
30
‫ترمج ة‬eb ot breV
‫يتراجمة‬ylnO
‫الرقــــا"م‬
2-‫لم‬‫يحضر‬‫الجتماع‬‫ال‬‫خمسة‬‫اعضاء‬.
3-‫حضر‬‫الجتماع‬‫خمسة‬‫اعضاء‬‫فحسب‬.
‫من‬‫السمات‬‫التي‬‫تتميز‬‫بها‬‫اللغة‬‫النجليزية‬‫عدم‬‫تمتعها‬‫بالمرونة‬‫في‬‫ترتيب‬‫الكلمات‬،‫فالكلمة‬‫خارج‬
‫موقعها‬‫الصحيح‬‫تؤدي‬‫إلي‬‫تغيير‬‫المعني‬‫أو‬‫علي‬‫القل‬‫إلي‬‫التباسه‬‫وغموضه‬،‫وهذه‬‫الخاصية‬‫تتجلي‬
‫بوضوح‬‫شديد‬‫مع‬‫لفظة‬only‫واليك‬‫المثلة‬‫التالية‬:
1- Only Ali saw Mona this morning.
2- Ali only saw Mona this morning.
3- Ali saw only Mona this morning.
4- Ali saw Mona only this morning.
‫وبذلك‬‫تكون‬‫الترجمات‬‫المقترحة‬‫كما‬‫يلي‬:
1-‫لم‬‫يري‬‫مني‬‫هذا‬‫الصباح‬‫ال‬.‫علي‬2-‫لم‬‫يقم‬‫علي‬‫البرؤية‬‫مني‬‫هذا‬
.‫الصباح‬3-‫لم‬‫ير‬‫علي‬‫ال‬‫مني‬‫هذا‬‫الصباح‬4-‫لم‬‫ير‬‫علي‬‫مني‬‫ال‬
‫هذا‬.‫الصباح‬
‫ملحوظة‬:‫تستخدم‬‫لفظة‬)only(‫في‬‫النجليزية‬‫لتقصر‬‫ما‬‫بعدها‬‫اي‬‫تقوم‬‫بنفس‬‫عمل‬‫اداة‬‫القصر‬‫أو‬
‫الستثناء‬‫في‬‫اللغة‬.‫العربية‬
Words
‫الكلمة‬‫الواحدة‬‫قد‬‫يكون‬‫لها‬‫اكثر‬‫من‬‫معني‬‫وعليه‬‫يجب‬‫اختيار‬‫المعني‬‫المناسب‬‫للكملة‬‫حسب‬‫موقعها‬‫لن‬‫الكلمة‬‫الواحدة‬
‫معناها‬‫حسب‬‫السياق‬‫فمثل‬:
‫سماء‬‫صافية‬Pure sky‫رجل‬‫نقي‬‫السريرة‬Pure man
‫هواء‬‫عليل‬pure weather‫مياه‬‫صالح‬‫للشرب‬Pure water
‫صوف‬‫خالص‬Pure wool
‫الترتيب‬‫السليم‬‫للكلمات‬‫في‬‫الجملة‬-:
‫لبد‬‫من‬‫ترتيب‬‫الكلمات‬‫في‬‫وضع‬‫سليم‬‫في‬‫الجملة‬‫وال‬‫اختلف‬‫المعني‬‫تماما‬‫كما‬‫في‬‫هذا‬‫المثا ل‬:
1- Withdrawal from occupied Arab territories.
2- Withdrawal from territories Arab occupied.
1-‫النسحاب‬‫من‬‫الراضي‬‫العربية‬.‫المحتلة‬
2-‫النسحاب‬‫من‬‫الراضي‬‫التي‬‫يحتلها‬.‫العرب‬
‫احكم‬‫قبضته‬‫علي‬To tighten his grip
‫احكم‬‫تدبير‬‫المور‬To do something properly
‫الترجمة‬‫هي‬‫في‬‫الساس‬‫نقل‬‫المعني‬‫وليس‬‫مجرد‬‫نقل‬‫لفظ‬
‫واليك‬‫مثا ل‬:
 He is green with jealousy.
‫اذا‬‫ترجمت‬‫انه‬‫اخضر‬‫بالغيرة‬‫فتكون‬‫ترجمة‬‫قاصرة‬‫لنه‬‫ل‬‫يمكن‬‫وصف‬‫الغيرة‬‫باللون‬‫الخضر‬‫ولكن‬
‫الترجمة‬‫الصحيحة‬‫هي‬:
‫تأكل‬‫الغيرة‬.‫أو‬ ‫قلبه‬‫تأكله‬‫نار‬.‫الغيرة‬
" : -‫عاد‬ ‫أيضا‬‫بخفى‬"‫ترجمتها‬ ‫حنين‬He returned empty-handed
 Heavy clouds and rains.
31
Word order
‫الصفة‬vitcejdA
‫تتسم‬‫اللغة‬‫النجليزية‬–‫بعكس‬‫اللغة‬‫العربية‬–‫بالقتضاب‬‫وعدم‬‫الميل‬‫إلي‬‫التكرار‬)‫ال‬‫اذا‬‫كان‬(‫متعمدا‬
‫وإل‬‫لجاءت‬‫العبارة‬‫السابقة‬‫كما‬‫يلي‬:
 Heavy clouds and Heavy rains.
‫فالصفة‬‫هنا‬‫تصف‬‫كل‬‫من‬‫السمين‬‫الواقعين‬‫بعدها‬‫وعند‬‫التعامل‬‫مع‬‫مثل‬‫هذا‬‫البناء‬‫لنقله‬‫إلي‬‫العربية‬
‫يجب‬‫علي‬‫المترجم‬‫أن‬‫يدرك‬‫أن‬‫عليه‬‫ترجمة‬‫الصفة‬‫مرتين‬)‫مرة‬‫واحدة‬‫مع‬‫كل‬‫اسم‬(‫حيث‬ ‫منهما‬‫تتسم‬
‫العربية‬‫بالسهاب‬‫مع‬‫مراعاة‬‫اللجوء‬‫إلي‬‫الترادف‬‫اعتمادا‬‫علي‬‫قاعدة‬‫الترابط‬‫المشار‬‫اليها‬‫انفا‬:
‫فاذا‬‫جاءت‬‫الترجمة‬"‫سحب‬‫وامطار‬‫كثيفة‬/‫سحب‬‫وامطار‬"‫تصبح‬ ‫غزيرة‬‫ترجمة‬‫خاطئة‬‫ولكن‬‫الترجمة‬
‫السليمة‬‫هي‬:‫سحب‬‫كثيفة‬‫وامطار‬‫غزيرة‬‫لن‬‫السحب‬‫توصف‬‫بالكثافة‬‫في‬‫حين‬‫توصف‬‫المطار‬
.‫بالغزارة‬
‫واليك‬‫مثا ل‬‫أخر‬:
‫السلم‬‫الدولي‬‫والمن‬)‫ترجمة‬‫قاصرة‬(International peace and security.
‫والترجمة‬‫الصحيحة‬‫تكون‬:‫السلم‬‫والمن‬‫الدوليان‬
‫مصاذا‬‫يفعل‬‫الرتمجم‬‫لو‬‫قصايبلته‬‫صفة‬‫متعددة‬‫الاقصاطع‬‫بذا‬‫الشكل‬
Adjective
 This decision is unchangeable.
‫ويكون‬‫المترجم‬‫ملما‬‫بمعني‬‫جذر‬‫الكلمة‬)‫مع‬‫ملحظة‬‫أن‬‫الجذر‬‫في‬‫هذه‬(‫يكون‬ ‫الحالة‬‫فعل‬‫دائما‬
‫وتكون‬‫اللحقة‬‫أما‬able‫أو‬unable‫أيا‬‫كانت‬‫الجملة‬‫السابقة‬‫ولكنه‬‫يجد‬‫بعض‬‫الصعوبة‬‫في‬‫صياغة‬‫معني‬
‫تلك‬‫الصفة‬‫أسلوبيا‬:
‫ونقترح‬‫عليه‬‫اتباع‬‫الخطوات‬‫التالية‬:
1-‫نترجم‬‫البادئة‬:‫ل‬‫أو‬‫غير‬
2‫نأتي‬ -‫بالسم‬‫من‬‫صيغة‬‫الفعل‬.‫تغيير‬ :
3‫نترجم‬ -‫اللحقة‬‫يمكن‬ :‫أو‬.‫قابل‬
4‫نعيد‬ -‫ترتيب‬‫المقاطع‬‫الثلث‬‫ليمكن‬ :‫تغيير‬،‫غير‬‫قابل‬‫للتغيير‬
5‫ويمكن‬ -‫استخدام‬‫مرادف‬‫بدل‬‫من‬‫مثل‬ "‫"ليمكن‬‫وعلي‬ "‫"ليعذر‬‫ذلك‬‫تكون‬‫الترجمة‬:
-‫هذا‬‫القرار‬‫ل‬‫يمكن‬.‫تغييره‬
-‫هذا‬‫القرار‬‫يتعذر‬.‫تغييره‬
-‫هذا‬‫القرار‬‫غير‬‫قابل‬.‫للتغير‬
‫أول‬:‫استعن‬.‫بالله‬
‫ثانيا‬:‫حدد‬‫أركان‬‫الجملة‬–‫فاعل‬–‫فعل‬–‫مفعول‬
‫ثالثا‬:‫حدد‬‫زمن‬‫الجملة‬.
‫رابعا‬:‫تخير‬‫أفضل‬‫وأقرب‬‫المعاني‬‫للكلمات‬‫المعطاه‬.
‫خامسا‬:‫طبق‬‫كل‬‫ما‬‫ذكرناه‬‫في‬‫هذا‬‫المؤجز‬‫وتذكر‬‫ان‬‫الترجمة‬‫هي‬‫فن‬‫نقل‬‫المعني‬
‫وليس‬.‫اللفظ‬
32
Prefix
Un
Stem
Change
Suffix
elba
‫قبل‬ ‫تفعل‬ ‫ماذا‬ ‫أخيا‬
‫تتمجم‬ ‫أن‬
‫كلمات‬‫هامة‬‫للترجمة‬
‫متعلم‬Educated‫تقديرا‬‫ل‬In recognition of
‫نغير‬‫متعلم‬Uneducated‫الشباب‬Youth
‫ريفي‬Rural‫الدولة‬State
‫برنامج‬‫الصلح‬
‫القتصامدي‬
Economic reform
programme
‫الصندوق‬‫الجتماعي‬
‫للتنمية‬
Social fund for
development
‫مجتمعات‬Communities‫يهدف‬‫الي‬Aim at
‫متطلبات‬Requirements‫يوفر-يزومد‬Provide
‫يشارك-يساهم‬Contribute to‫فرص‬‫العمل‬Job opportunities
‫يستفيد‬‫من‬Benefit from‫يحل‬Solve
‫طوال‬Throughout‫حل‬Solution
‫التصال‬Communication‫البطالة‬Unemployment
‫فرصة‬Chance‫اثار‬‫جانبية‬Side effects
‫افرامد‬Individuals‫مدنى‬urban
‫يحصل‬‫علي‬Obtain‫ارض‬Route
‫معلومات‬‫اجمالية‬Mass information‫محموم‬feverish
‫متاح‬Available‫شاهد‬Witness
‫سباق‬Race‫البدو‬Bedouins
‫بين‬Among‫يعسكر‬–‫معسكر‬Camp
‫المة‬Nation‫الصليبيين‬Crusaders
‫متقدم‬Advanced‫قلع‬Forts
‫تكنولوجيا‬Technology‫نقطة‬‫التقاء-ملتقي‬Meeting point
‫البيئة‬Environment‫الدين‬Religion
‫بيئي‬Environmental‫ملتقي‬‫الطرق‬Crossroads
‫ينشأ‬‫من‬Originate from‫التعليم‬‫للجميع‬Education for all
‫لم‬‫يعد‬No longer‫العلقة‬Relation
‫يبذل‬Exert‫النسان‬Man
‫مدقيق‬Subtle‫الطبيعة‬Nature
‫جهومد‬Efforts‫البيئة‬‫الطبيعية‬Natural surroundings
‫يقنع‬Persuade‫التلوث‬Pollution
‫منتج‬Product‫علي‬‫سبيل‬‫المثال‬For instance
‫يصنف‬Classify‫تنجم‬‫عن‬Arises from
‫الضعف‬Weakness‫نغير‬‫الحكيم-الجائر‬Unwise
‫ضروري‬Essential‫مصدر‬Source
‫السياحة‬Tourism‫مورمد‬Resource
33
‫مدعامة‬Pillar‫يصل‬‫الي‬Reach=get to
‫نشاط‬Activity‫متوازن‬Balanced
‫عائد‬Revenue‫مكونات‬Components
‫يمثل‬–‫ينوب‬‫عن‬Represent‫ومن‬‫ثم‬Hence
‫تقريبا-علي‬‫وشك‬About‫يعمق‬Deepen
‫اجمالي‬Total‫الوعي‬Awareness
‫مدخل‬‫التبامدل‬‫الخارجي‬Foreign exchange income‫نقل‬Transfer
‫بارز‬Outstanding‫أسلوب‬Mode
‫اصول‬Assets‫السلوك‬Behaviour
‫يكتسب‬Gain‫يحفظ‬Preserve
‫فريد‬Unique‫الحفظ‬Preservation
‫منافس‬Competitive‫عن‬‫طيب‬‫خاطر‬Willingness
‫مكان‬Edge‫يتجنب‬Avoid
‫خريطة‬Map‫تأثير‬Influence
‫يدير‬Run‫العلنات‬Advertisements
‫خبرة‬Expertise‫فخر‬–‫يتفاخر‬Pride
‫جاهزة‬Pre-packed‫ذوق‬Taste
‫بمعني‬‫اخر‬In other words‫الجهامد‬Stress
‫نغرض-هدف‬Purpose‫العدو‬Enemy
‫الحزن‬Sorrow‫يحذر‬Warn
‫قلق-توتر‬Unrest‫الضغط‬Pressure
‫عدم‬‫الرضا‬Dissatisfaction‫يلحظ‬Notice
‫مستوي‬‫المعيشة‬Standard of living‫إشارات‬Signals
‫الطعام‬Nourishment‫ل‬‫حاجة‬‫ان‬Needless to say
‫العبومدية‬Bondage‫معرض‬‫ل‬Liable to
‫كفاح-نضال‬Struggle‫يخطيئ‬Err
‫يؤمن‬Secure‫يضلل‬Mislead
‫المن‬Security‫نقص‬‫الخبرة‬Inexperience
‫مأوي‬Shelter‫الكليات‬Faculties
‫حوض‬‫النيل‬Nile basin‫يميز‬Distinguish
‫يروض‬Tame‫الخير‬Good
‫يحقق‬Achieve‫الشر‬Evil
‫اقصي‬Utmost‫ميل‬Tendency
‫لجل-لصالح‬For the sake of‫يقتلع‬Uproot=root out
‫مستقبلي‬Futuristic‫السعي-يسعي‬Seek
34
‫يستفيد‬‫من‬Make use of‫السلم‬Peace
‫لئق‬‫جسمانيا‬Fit‫الحرب‬War
‫بدائي‬Primitive‫يتطلب‬Require
‫منتجع‬Resort‫الصبر‬Patience
‫ملوثات‬Pollutants‫تسويات‬Compromises
‫انتباه‬Attention‫وجها‬‫لوجه‬Face to face
‫العل ج‬‫بالعشاب‬Herbal medicine‫المتحارب‬Warring
‫مامدة‬Substance‫الطرف‬Party
‫رذاذ‬Droplets‫الصراع‬Conflict
‫الثروة‬Wealth‫يعدي‬Infect
‫واجب‬Duty‫خلية‬Cell
‫نغزو‬Invading‫الرئتين‬Lungs
‫مدعوة‬Call‫يمتد‬‫من‬Range from
‫الستقرار‬Stability‫رائع‬Splendid
‫قضية‬Issue‫كنز‬Treasure
‫يحصن‬Fortify‫الم‬Pain
‫السحر‬Magic‫يعاني‬‫من‬Suffer from
‫التعامل‬‫مع‬dealing with‫مرحلة‬Stage
‫اقليمي‬Territorial‫تحرير‬Emancipation
‫مدولي‬International‫قانون‬‫الجاذبية‬Law of gravitation
‫تماسك‬Solidarity‫سر‬Mystery
‫الكنانة‬Quiver‫كواكب‬Planets
‫الحسد‬Envy‫يعكس‬Reflect
‫الوحدة‬‫الوطنية‬National unity‫الخالق‬Creator
‫مكثفة‬Condensed‫مخلوق‬Creature
‫حملت‬‫اعلنية‬Information campaigns‫التقدم‬Advance= progress
‫ضد‬Against‫قنديل‬‫البحر‬Jellyfish
‫يتميز‬‫ب‬Marked by‫يشجع‬Encourage
‫يتعدي‬Exceed‫انفجار‬Explosion
‫حدومد‬Borders‫خطير-جامد‬Serious
‫مامدة‬‫للثارة‬Exciting matter‫يواجه‬Face
‫متتالي‬Back to back‫الرفاهية‬Welfare
‫مثير‬‫للجدل‬Argumentative‫الرخاء‬Prosperity
‫حدث‬Event‫سلسلة‬Series
‫يقض‬‫المضاجع‬Make us sleepless‫الثقافة‬Culture
35
‫نادر‬Scarce‫ثقافي‬Cultural
‫الممم‬‫المتحدة‬United Nations‫فطريات‬Fungi
‫مموهوب‬Talented‫وهب‬Donate
‫مموهبة‬Talent‫لو‬‫احسن‬‫استغللها‬If exploited well
‫يشكل‬–‫يكون‬Form‫برج‬Tower
‫عواممل‬Factors‫مركز‬‫التجارة‬‫العالمي‬World trade center
‫جاذبية‬Attraction‫توازن‬Balance
‫فريد‬Unique‫فارة‬Continent
‫يعتمد‬‫علي‬Depend on‫يتبني‬Adopt
‫الجمال‬Beauty‫ممؤتمر‬Conference
‫الوسائط‬‫المتعددة‬Multi-media‫الرهاب‬Terrorism
‫الصناعة‬Industry‫ممظلة‬Umbrella
‫نشاط‬Activity‫واعد‬Promising
‫مموقع‬Location‫يفرض‬Impose
‫دور‬Role‫العولمة‬Globalization
‫البحث‬‫العلمي‬scientific research‫ثورة‬Revolution
‫يبرهن-يثبت‬Prove‫العلم‬Science
‫الاصابة‬‫بالسرطان‬catching cancer‫بارز‬Outstanding
‫تهديد‬Threat‫عبر‬‫السنين‬Through ages
‫يهدد‬Threaten‫يوضح‬Indicate
‫ممعدل‬Rate‫الحضارة‬Civilization
‫ل‬‫يصدق-فظيع‬Incredible‫الشباب‬Youth
‫بلد‬‫ممحب‬‫للسلم‬A peace loving country‫سل ح‬‫ذو‬‫حدين‬Double edged weapon
‫ممعرض‬‫القاهرة‬‫الدولي‬‫للكتاب‬
Cairo International Book Fair
‫السوق‬‫العربية‬‫المشتركة‬
Common Arab Market
‫بفضل‬Tanks to‫سلم‬Ladder
‫يساير‬Cope with=catch up with‫اداة‬Tool
‫البشرية‬humanity‫تدممير‬Destruction
‫ممدرك‬‫ل‬Aware of‫يهدف‬‫الي‬Aim at
‫ممنطقة‬‫التجارة‬‫الحرة‬Free trade area‫ممسار-دورة‬Course
‫عنااصر‬Elements‫يستنزف-ينهك‬Exhaust
‫اليدي‬‫العامملة‬Labour‫تضليل‬misleading
‫السياحة‬‫العلجية‬Remedial tourism‫الترويج‬promotion
‫ممشكلة‬‫السكان‬Housing problem‫الدجل‬charlatanism
‫انجاز‬Achievement‫الخرافة‬fable
‫السلم‬peace‫يشيد‬Erect
36
‫يضحي‬Sacrifice‫الصعيد‬‫العالمي‬All over the world
‫شاممل‬Comprehensive‫ممكافحة‬combating
‫يتردد‬Hesitate‫تبدد‬‫المياه‬Waste of water
‫رائد-هام‬Leading‫السياحة‬‫البيئية‬Eco-tourism
‫ممحاط‬‫ب‬Surrounded by‫العلج‬‫الطبيعي‬Natural remedies
‫بمعزل‬‫عن‬Be away from‫طرق-وسائل‬Methods
‫اتخذت‬‫خطوات‬‫كبيرة‬Has taken great steps‫تكلفة‬‫رخيصة‬Low cost
‫غير‬‫حكوممي‬Nongovernmental‫يستغل‬Make use of
‫ممنظمة‬Organization‫ممادي‬Materialistic
‫اعتداء‬Aggression‫ممعالجة‬Addressing
‫النفجار‬‫السكاني‬Population explosion‫الجمعيات‬‫الهلية‬Civil societies
‫كبيرة‬ (‫فائدة)ربح‬Great profit‫الاصل ح‬‫القتصادي‬Economic reform
‫حقوق‬‫النسان‬Human rights‫المؤسسات‬‫الخيرية‬Charities
‫يوسع‬Widen‫الحرب‬‫الباردة‬Cold war
‫افق‬Horizon‫التوتر-الضطراب‬Unrest
‫ضحية‬Victim‫الدجل‬Delusion
‫ممنظوممة‬‫ممتكامملة‬Integrated system‫الخرافة‬Superstition
‫اختراع‬Invention‫التاريخ‬‫الطبيعي‬Biology
‫التكاممل‬Integration‫ممحاولت‬Trials
‫تنظيم‬‫النسل‬Birth control‫الكتفاء‬‫الذاتي‬Self sufficiency
‫الغلبية‬Majority‫الطفولة‬Infancy
‫القلية‬Minority‫ساعات‬‫الذروة‬Rush hours
‫البناء‬Construction‫التساممح‬Tolerance
‫ممساهمة‬Contribution‫العقاقير‬Drugs
‫النصر‬Victory‫الفساد‬Corruption
‫الرهاب‬Terrorism‫النحراف‬Deviation
‫مموجز-ممقتضب‬Laconic‫عالمي‬Universal
‫اليجاز‬Laconism‫الديمقراطية‬Democracy
‫ممفاوضات‬Negotiations‫الزراعة‬Agriculture
‫الهمال‬Carelessness‫المعلفة‬Knowledge
‫التعاون‬Co-operation‫بزدهر‬Flourish
‫حقوق‬‫النسان‬Human-rights‫مممارسة‬Practicing
‫ممعاهدة‬Treaty‫ارادة‬‫قوية‬Strong will
‫الستثمار‬Investment‫حركة‬‫ارهابية‬Terrorist movement
‫الستهلك‬Consumption‫رحمة‬Mercy
37
‫فضائل‬Virtues‫يصدر‬Export
‫النهضة‬Renaissance‫يستورد‬Import
‫حدث‬Event‫شعار‬symbol
‫استصل ح‬reclamation‫الفقر‬Poverty
‫تسهيلت‬Facilities‫ممشرق‬Bright
‫الشعب‬‫المرجانية‬Coral reefs‫يشفي-يتعافي‬Recover
‫المجاعة‬Famine=starvation‫العتماد‬‫علي‬‫الذات‬Self-reliance
‫ممواطن‬‫اصالح‬Good citizen‫عقوبات‬Sanctions
‫الفضيلة‬‫-الخلق‬Morality‫يضاعف‬Double
‫ممعينات‬‫تعليمية‬Educational aids‫عاجل‬‫ام‬‫اجل‬Sooner or later
‫البنية‬‫التحتية‬Infrastructure‫عملية‬‫السلم‬Peace process
‫رئيسي-اساسي‬Principal‫الدعاية‬Propaganda
Exercises on TranslationsExercises on Translations
1)Translate into Arabic:
Learning foreign languages needs never stop. One shouldn’t learn a foreign language merely to
achieve an immediate professional or academic aim and then give it up. He should carry on learning as it is a
valuable experience that enriches his life.
Translate into English:
‫علي‬‫كل‬‫فرد‬‫في‬‫مجتمعنا‬‫أن‬‫يشارك‬‫في‬‫تحمل‬‫المسئولية‬‫للتغلب‬‫علي‬‫مشاكلنا‬‫التجتماعية‬‫و‬‫التقتصادية‬‫و‬‫البيئية‬.
2)Translate into Arabic:
Celebrating the new millennium at the foot of the Pyramids of Giza was marvelous. That was the best
place from which we could pass to the new century. The celebration aimed at combining the ancient and the
modern and reviewing the history of human civilization.
Translate into English:
‫تبذل‬‫الحكومة‬‫أتقصي‬‫تجهدها‬‫ليجاد‬‫فرص‬‫عمل‬‫للشباب‬‫و‬‫بناء‬‫مساكن‬‫لهم‬.
3)Translate into Arabic:
To be interested in something is a golden rule in life. If a person is always chained to his office, he will
grow physically and mentally weak. If such a person has a hobby, his daily work will no longer be tiring.
Translate into English:
‫يجب‬‫أن‬‫نستخدم‬‫أفضل‬‫الطرق‬‫لتربية‬‫أطفالنا‬.‫الصغار‬
4)Translate into Arabic:
The government is trying to solve the transport problem by constructing new roads and flyovers. The
number of vehicles is increasing every day. Roads are becoming too crowded for drivers to use.
Translate into English:
‫تهتم‬‫الدولة‬‫بالعلماء‬‫اهتمـاما‬‫كبيرا‬‫و‬‫تمنحهم‬‫الكثير‬‫من‬‫الجوائز‬‫في‬‫المناسبات‬.‫القومية‬
5)Translate into Arabic:
President Mubarak always states that industry, agriculture and tourism are the main sources of our
national income. Great projects are carried out to develop these sources. In the field of industry, Egyptian
products are a source of pride not only for Egyptian but for all Arabs.
38
Translate into English:
‫إن‬‫العمل‬‫الجماعي‬‫يقوي‬‫الروابط‬‫بين‬‫الناس‬‫و‬‫يرسخ‬‫القيم‬‫النسانية‬.‫بينهم‬
6)Translate into Arabic:
It is said that television has destroyed the art of conversation and made people unhappy by forcing
them to want things they don’t need. On the other hand, it helps people to update their knowledge of the
world affairs., as they can see current events in different parts of the world the moment they occur.
Translate into English:
‫لقد‬‫أحرزت‬‫مصر‬‫تقدما‬‫كبيرا‬‫في‬‫مختلف‬‫مجالت‬‫الصناعة‬‫و‬‫التعليم‬‫و‬‫التكنولوتجيا‬‫الحديثة‬.
7)Translate into Arabic:
Cutting off trees in cities is an ill deed. Trees give us shade in summer and the green colour makes us
feel at ease. Trees also purify the air and they give off oxygen by day. That’s why we should do our best to
spread the green colour all over our country.
Translate into English:
‫يجب‬‫علينا‬‫أن‬‫نشجع‬‫السياحة‬‫الداخلية‬‫لنعوض‬‫ما‬‫حدث‬‫في‬‫السياحة‬‫القادمة‬‫من‬‫الخارج‬.
8)Translate into Arabic:
The establishment of public libraries and school libraries contributed to improving the learning
process as a whole and helped many citizens to read freely. Public libraries play an important role in
spreading culture and awareness among people of all ages.
Translate into English:
‫للختراعات‬‫الحديثة‬‫الكثير‬‫من‬‫المزايا‬،‫كم‬‫أن‬‫لها‬‫بعض‬‫العيوب‬.
9)Translate into Arabic:
Communications satellites can transmit radio and TV programmes at great distances. Egypt’s satellite, Nile
Sat 101, serves the whole of the Arab world. Egypt is planning to launch more satellites in the future.
Translate into English:
‫إن‬‫المرأة‬‫المصري‬‫عنصر‬‫فعال‬‫و‬‫شريك‬‫أساسي‬‫غي‬‫التنمية‬‫الشامـلة‬.
10)Translate into Arabic:
Some of the most important aims of education are to build up an Egyptian citizen who is able to face
the future and to create a productive society. Education also aims at preparing a generation of scientists for
the service of humanity.
Translate into English:
‫تصبـو‬‫كل‬‫الدول‬‫المحبة‬‫للسلم‬‫إلى‬‫عالم‬‫يسوده‬‫السلم‬‫و‬‫التعاون‬.
11)Translate into Arabic:
Practising activities at school is of great importance. Teachers should encourage their students to
participate effectively in school activities. Such activities help students to learn some values like co-operation,
respect for others, self-confidence and perseverance.
Translate into English:
‫إن‬‫موتقع‬‫مصر‬‫الجغرافي‬‫المتميز‬‫و‬‫آثارها‬‫الرائعة‬‫تجعلها‬‫واحدة‬‫من‬‫أهم‬‫الدول‬‫السياحية‬‫في‬‫العالم‬.
12)Translate into Arabic:
Over-population in Egypt has led to many other problems like illiteracy, heavy traffic and
unemployment. The government should exert more efforts to bring down the population growth rates. It
should also pay more attention to the development of human resources.
Translate into English:
39
‫تجذب‬‫الثار‬‫و‬‫المتاحف‬‫المصرية‬‫مـليين‬‫السياح‬‫من‬‫كل‬‫أنحاء‬‫العالم‬.
13)Translate into Arabic:
Cigarette smoking is linked directly with lung cancer. Today, in many countries, as many as one third
of all cancer deaths are attributed to cigarette smoking. It is also known that smoking increases the risks of
other diseases of the heart and lungs.
Translate into English:
‫لقد‬‫أحدثت‬‫أتجهزة‬‫الكمبيوتر‬‫و‬‫شبكات‬‫التقمار‬‫الصناعية‬‫ثورة‬‫في‬‫المعلومات‬‫و‬‫التصـالت‬.
14)Translate into Arabic:
Healthy food should include vitamins and proteins. It has to be fresh and low in fat and salt. It
shouldn’t contain harmful chemical additives. If we don’t eat the right food, we will get ill and lose our ability to
do our work well.
Translate into English:
‫يجب‬‫أن‬‫نحافظ‬‫علي‬‫البيئة‬‫بقدر‬‫المستطاع‬‫حتى‬‫يستطيع‬‫أولدنا‬‫و‬‫أحفادنا‬‫أن‬‫يتمتعوا‬‫بالعالم‬‫الذي‬‫نعيش‬‫فيه‬.
15)Translate into Arabic:
Only the individual himself can develop his given potentials. But, like any other living being, he needs
an atmosphere of warmth to give him a feeling of inner security to express himself.
Translate into English:
‫يجب‬‫أن‬‫نستخدم‬‫التكنولوتجيا‬‫الحديثة‬‫في‬‫تجميع‬‫مجالت‬‫الحياة‬‫و‬‫خاصة‬‫مجال‬‫النتاج‬.
16)Translate into Arabic:
Energy is necessary for development. It is essential for all productive activities required to achieve
higher standards of living. Man’s great progress in industry and agriculture is due to energy.
Translate into English:
‫علينا‬‫أن‬‫نشجع‬‫استخدام‬‫المواد‬‫المعاد‬‫تصنيعهـا‬‫مثل‬‫الورق‬‫و‬‫الزتجاج‬‫و‬‫المعادن‬.
17)Translate into Arabic:
The Egyptian woman has acquired all her rights. She is also represented in all international
organizations concerned with women’s affairs. Moreover, services are rendered to provide family guidance
and child’s welfare.
Translate into English:
‫لقد‬‫كتب‬‫نجيب‬‫محفوظ‬‫الكثير‬‫من‬‫الروايات‬‫التي‬‫ترتجمت‬‫إلى‬‫لغات‬‫عديدة‬.
18)Translate into Arabic:
Egypt does its best to attract Arab and foreign capital for investment in the field of industry. We
encourage the establishment of new industries as well as expanding the existing ones. Due attention has
been given to introduce software and communication industries.
Translate into English:
‫سوف‬‫يشهد‬‫المستقبل‬‫القريب‬‫تطورا‬‫كبيرا‬‫في‬‫سياحة‬‫الفضاء‬‫التي‬‫ستجذب‬‫الكثير‬‫من‬‫الناس‬.
19)Translate into Arabic:
Great achievements have been made in Egypt to move population from narrow inhabited areas to
new wider expanses. New cities near Cairo have been constructed and large areas of the desert have been
reclaimed.
Translate into English:
‫إن‬‫تصدير‬‫المنتجات‬‫المصرية‬‫إلى‬‫الخارج‬‫يؤدي‬‫إلى‬‫زيادة‬‫دخلنا‬‫من‬‫العملت‬‫التجنبية‬.
20)Translate into Arabic:
Every year Egypt celebrates the International Child’s Day in November. Prizes are given to children
who successfully take part in the “Reading for All” competition. Creative children in the different branches of
knowledge are honoured.
Translate into English:
40
‫يهدد‬‫التلوث‬‫حياة‬‫النسان‬‫و‬‫الحيوانات‬‫و‬‫النباتات‬‫في‬‫كل‬‫مكان‬.
21)Translate into Arabic:
Egypt has always been known as the “Birthplace of Civilization” because of its long and rich history.
We are now keen on restoring our glories to keep pace with progress in developed countries.
Translate into English:
‫تشجع‬‫الحكومة‬‫رتجال‬‫العمال‬‫المصريين‬‫علي‬‫استصلح‬‫الراضي‬‫خاصة‬‫في‬‫سيناء‬‫و‬‫المناطق‬‫الصحراوية‬.
22)Translate into Arabic:
Health is a splendid treasure that completes our happiness. It’s worth saying that we can’t really enjoy
our life if we are unhealthy, however wealthy we may be. Healthy people are always proud of what they can
achieve in the fields of sports and hard work. For unhealthy people, life is no more than pain and suffering.
Translate into English:
‫يجب‬‫أن‬‫يتعاون‬‫الفراد‬‫مع‬‫وزارة‬‫البيئة‬‫للتخلص‬‫من‬‫الكميات‬‫الهائلة‬‫من‬‫القمامة‬‫و‬‫المخلفات‬‫التي‬‫تؤدي‬‫إلى‬‫تدمير‬‫البيئة‬.
23)Translate into Arabic:
The world’s ever increasing population means more houses, more roads, more factories, and this
means less land for animals and plants. Over-population also means more waste and pollution, and this
makes life increasingly difficult for many creatures.
Translate into English:
‫لقد‬‫شهد‬‫معرض‬‫القاهرة‬‫الدولي‬‫للكتـاب‬‫تطورا‬‫هائل‬‫في‬‫السنوات‬‫القليلة‬‫الماضية‬.
24)Translate into Arabic:
Distance learning makes use of educational experts in the various branches of knowledge all over the
world. We can make use of distance learning in all fields including the different branches of science.
Translate into English:
‫يعتقد‬‫كثير‬‫من‬‫الناس‬‫أن‬‫الكتـاب‬‫اللكتروني‬‫سيحل‬‫محل‬‫الكتاب‬‫العادي‬‫في‬‫المستقبل‬‫القريب‬.
25)Translate into Arabic:
We should try to discover our talents before we select our career. We should do the work that appeals
to us. Some people prefer to do any work in governmental offices although they can become successful
businessmen.
Translate into English:
‫يجب‬‫علينا‬‫أن‬‫نتعاون‬‫للقضاء‬‫علي‬‫الرهاب‬‫الذي‬‫يحاول‬‫تدمير‬‫بلدنـا‬.
26)Translate into Arabic:
Vast areas of the desert have recently been reclaimed. The government is trying to plant these areas.
So it sends university graduates to these new communities to achieve food security for Egypt in the coming
years.
Translate into English:
‫يجب‬‫أن‬‫نقدر‬‫العمال‬‫الذين‬‫يعملون‬‫في‬‫ظروف‬‫الطقس‬‫السيئة‬‫في‬‫الصحراء‬‫لتقـامـة‬‫مشاريعنا‬‫العظيمة‬‫هناك‬.
27)Translate into Arabic:
The promotion of international co-operation and peace through education is one of UNESCO’s basic
aims. It is the only means for the accomplishment of prosperity, real and lasting peace among the
peoples of the world.
Translate into English:
‫تبذل‬‫الدولة‬‫ما‬‫بوسعها‬‫لتطوير‬‫التعليم‬‫و‬‫إنشاء‬‫المزيد‬‫من‬‫المدارس‬‫و‬‫الجامعات‬.
28)Translate into Arabic:
The government sets up industrial projects to increase our local production. It encourages the private
sector to invest capital. It also demolishes the barriers that hinder economic progress.
Translate into English:
‫إن‬‫مشروع‬‫توشكي‬‫في‬‫تجنوب‬‫الوادي‬‫هو‬‫أمل‬‫مصر‬‫في‬‫التغلب‬‫علي‬‫مشكلتها‬‫التقتصادية‬.
41
29)Translate into Arabic:
Undoubtedly, tourism is a chief source of national income and hard currency. The government exerts
great efforts to develop the tourist industry. The aim is to attract a greater number of tourists to visit Egypt,
the land of civilization.
Translate into English:
‫إن‬‫السياحة‬‫هي‬‫ثاني‬‫أهم‬‫مصدر‬‫للعملة‬‫التجنبية‬‫لمصر‬‫بعد‬‫المنتجات‬‫البتروليـة‬.
30)Translate into Arabic:
Arab countries must co-operate economically to achieve prosperity for the Arab world. They should
solve their problems in the Arab League. Besides, they have to encourage the Arab scientists to make
progress in the field of science.
Translate into English:
‫ل‬‫بد‬‫أن‬‫نفعل‬‫شيئـا‬‫لحل‬‫مشكلت‬‫المرور‬‫و‬‫التلوث‬‫في‬‫المدن‬.
31)Translate into Arabic:
The last decade of the twentieth century witnessed great efforts for the sake of children’s welfare.
Many laws were passed to protect children against early employment. We have to sacrifice our comfort and
happiness for the future generations.
Translate into English:
‫يستخدم‬‫الناس‬‫النترنت‬‫في‬‫الوتقت‬‫الحالي‬‫لغراض‬‫الحصول‬‫علي‬‫المعلومات‬‫و‬‫التصالت‬‫و‬‫العلن‬‫و‬‫التسوق‬‫و‬‫البحث‬‫عن‬‫الوظائف‬.
32)Translate into Arabic:
It is time the Arab Common Market was set up. The Arabs have common ties and interests that should help
to put the Common Market into effect. The age which we live in has no room for small and weak countries.
Translate into English:
‫يجب‬‫أن‬‫يتوتقف‬‫الناس‬‫عن‬‫التدخين‬‫لنه‬‫يبدد‬‫المال‬‫و‬‫يدمر‬‫الصحة‬‫و‬‫يسبب‬‫الوفـاة‬
33)Translate into Arabic:
Egypt has achieved great progress in the field of communications. Modern mobile telephone networks
have covered all cities and villages and even remote areas. Computers and the internet have enabled us to
get in touch with other people all over the world.
Translate into English:
‫لم‬‫تعد‬‫الوظيفة‬‫الحكومية‬‫هدفا‬‫يسعي‬‫إليه‬‫الشباب‬‫الطموح‬‫المتطلع‬‫إلى‬‫غد‬‫أفضل‬.
34)Translate into Arabic:
Our deserts are part of our chief sources of wealth. If we give them due care, we can increase our
national income by increasing the cultivated land and constructing new industrial projects. New cities could
be set up in these areas and lead to our economic development.
Translate into English:
‫من‬‫الطبيعي‬‫أن‬‫تكون‬‫لمصر‬‫علتقات‬‫تقوية‬‫مع‬‫كل‬‫الدول‬‫لنها‬‫دولة‬‫رائدة‬‫غي‬‫كل‬‫المجالت‬.
35)Translate into Arabic:
In Egypt, the population is doubling every twenty four years. Research shows that the size of the
family is connected with the standard of women’s education. If more girls are educated, the size of the family
will certainly be smaller.
Translate into English:
‫مهارات‬‫الكمبيوتر‬‫ضرورية‬‫للغاية‬‫لمواتجهة‬‫المنافسة‬‫الشديدة‬‫في‬‫سوق‬‫العمل‬.
36) Translate into Arabic:
Some scientists have found that people are more likely to catch a cold when they are unhappy or
under stress. This is because the immune system is less effective when we are worried. Doctors have also
found out that people with mild colds get better if the doctor is kind.
Translate into English:
‫يقاس‬‫تقدم‬‫المم‬‫بمدي‬‫اهتمامها‬‫بقضايا‬‫البيئة‬‫علي‬‫اختلف‬‫أنواعها‬.
42
37) Translate into Arabic:
Many people like to collect things like stamps, for example. Some stamp collections are very valuable.
Usually the fewer the number of people who have a stamp in their collections, the more valuable that stamp
is.
Translate into English:
‫إن‬‫حفلت‬‫الزفاف‬‫مناسبات‬‫هامة‬‫في‬‫كل‬‫بلد‬،‫و‬‫هناك‬‫تقاليد‬‫للزفاف‬‫تختلف‬‫باختلف‬.‫البلد‬
38) Translate into Arabic:
Egypt has a strong cultural history. Some of the greatest Arab writers, musicians and craftsmen are
Egyptians. In the last century, Taha Hussein, Tawfik Al Hakim and Naguib Mahfouz were probably the best
known writers in Arabic.
Translate into English:
‫إن‬‫الخيال‬‫العلمي‬‫عادة‬‫ما‬‫يكون‬‫محاولة‬‫تجادة‬‫للكتابة‬‫عن‬‫شكل‬‫الحياة‬‫في‬‫المستقبل‬‫أو‬‫في‬‫عالم‬.‫آخر‬
39) Translate into Arabic:
Exercise is a good way to get rid of the stress and frustration of the workplace. Consequently, people
who exercise regularly feel better and do not get sick so often. This would benefit the company as a whole.
Translate into English:
‫أحب‬‫الذهاب‬‫إلى‬‫الوبرا‬‫للستمتاع‬‫بالموسيقي‬‫الراتقية‬.
40) Translate into Arabic:
The 20th
century will be remembered for its scientific revolution. Our age is the age of the atom, space
and revolutionary medical achievements. Therefore, conferences are organized to apply and make use of
these achievements.
Translate into English:
‫إن‬‫الجهود‬‫التي‬‫تبذل‬‫من‬‫أتجل‬‫تحسين‬‫الصحة‬‫ل‬‫يمكن‬‫أن‬‫تتم‬‫بنجاح‬‫إل‬‫بتعاون‬‫الفراد‬‫مع‬.‫الحكومة‬
41) Translate into Arabic:
There are different kinds of gardens. Gardens can be made with every plant carefully placed as apart
of a man-made design. Gardens can also be made to look as if every flower has sprung from seeds sown by
nature. Public parks are for everyone to enjoy and relax.
Translate into English:
‫إن‬‫هوايتي‬‫المفضلة‬‫هي‬‫تقراءة‬‫القصص‬‫الخيالية‬‫و‬‫الستماع‬‫إلى‬.‫الموسيقي‬
42) Translate into Arabic:
Sports are useful to character development. In their books, children learn about such values as
unselfishness, courage and love of one’s country. However, what is learned by experience in sports has a
deeper effect on a child’s character.
Translate into English:
‫يقدم‬‫العلماء‬‫الجديد‬‫كل‬‫يوم‬‫لخدمة‬‫البشرية‬.
43) Translate into Arabic:
The Nile TV Channel is the first international Egyptian channel transmitting 24 hours a day.Its programmes
are in English and French. It covers all Arab and European countries, and the United States as well.
Translate into English:
‫سيتغير‬‫العام‬‫القادم‬‫شكل‬‫و‬‫محتوي‬‫الكتاب‬.‫المدرسي‬
44) Translate into Arabic:
Peace gives us a golden chance to carry out useful projects. It saves the money spent on wars and
destructive weapons. In peace, this money can be used for building new factories, improving health care and
solving the problems of housing and transport.
Translate into English:
‫إن‬‫الهتمام‬‫بتطوير‬‫التعليم‬‫من‬‫أهم‬‫الهداف‬‫التي‬‫تسعي‬‫مصر‬.‫لتحقيقها‬
43
45) Translate into Arabic:
The three-day conference took place at the Bibliotheca (library) Alexandria. It was attended by 170
Arab businessmen and thinkers. Journalists were not allowed to enter so that ideas could be exchanged
freely.
Translate into English:
‫الحضارة‬‫تزدهر‬‫أفضل‬‫في‬‫أوتقات‬.‫السلم‬
‫القواعد‬‫العامة‬‫لكتابة‬‫موضوع‬‫التعبير‬
‫يعتبر‬‫موضوع‬‫التعبير‬‫من‬‫أصعب‬‫الئسئلة‬‫التي‬‫تواجه‬‫طالب‬‫الثانوية‬‫العامة‬‫ولذا‬‫كان‬‫الحصول‬‫علي‬‫درجة‬‫التعبير‬‫كاملة‬‫ليس‬
‫بالمر‬‫وبناء‬ .‫اليسير‬‫علي‬‫ذلك‬‫فقد‬‫خصصت‬‫له‬‫هذا‬‫الجزء‬‫ليكون‬‫عون‬‫للطالب‬‫ووئسيلة‬‫للتدريب‬‫المكثف‬‫علي‬‫كتابة‬‫موضوع‬
‫التعبير‬‫بحيث‬‫يكتسب‬‫الطالب‬‫الخبرة‬‫اللمزمة‬‫للتعامل‬‫مع‬‫هذا‬‫السؤال‬‫وكذلك‬‫يكتسب‬‫مهارة‬‫الكتابة‬‫وهذا‬ .‫المر‬‫ل‬‫يتحقق‬‫ال‬
‫بالتدريب‬‫المستمر‬‫علي‬‫كتابة‬‫موضوعات‬‫التعبير‬‫ونحن‬‫هنا‬‫نوفر‬‫هذه‬‫الفرصة‬‫وعليك‬‫أن‬‫تتبع‬‫التالي‬‫جيدا‬:
‫أول‬‫اللمام‬ -:‫بقدر‬‫معقول‬‫من‬‫الثروة‬‫اللغوية‬‫مع‬‫حفظ‬‫ما‬‫يتسني‬‫لك‬‫من‬‫التعبيرات‬.‫الشائعة‬
‫ثانيا‬‫موضوع‬ -:‫التعبير‬‫هو‬‫عبارة‬‫عن‬‫عدة‬‫جمل‬‫مترابطة‬‫في‬‫المعني‬‫ولذا‬‫كان‬‫لزاما‬‫عليك‬‫ان‬‫تعرف‬‫البناء‬‫السليم‬‫للجملة‬
‫)كل‬ .‫الخبرية‬‫ما‬‫ذكر‬‫فى‬(‫الترجمة‬
‫ثالثا‬-:‫يجب‬‫مراعاة‬‫القواعد‬‫العامة‬‫لكتابة‬‫موضوع‬‫التعبير‬‫وهي‬:
1‫أن‬ -‫تترك‬‫مسافة‬‫تعادل‬‫خمسة‬‫احرف‬‫في‬‫السطر‬‫الول‬‫فقط‬‫من‬.‫الموضوع‬
2‫ان‬ -‫تبدأ‬‫كل‬‫جملة‬‫بحرف‬Capital‫كبير‬.‫وواضح‬3‫أن‬ -‫تضع‬‫واضحة‬ (.)‫في‬‫نهاية‬‫كل‬‫جملة‬.
4‫ابدأ‬ -‫الموضع‬‫بـ‬topic sentence‫أي‬‫جملة‬‫رئيسية‬‫نحتوي‬‫في‬‫مجملها‬‫علي‬‫فكرة‬.‫الموضوع‬
5‫أن‬ -‫تراعي‬‫الترابط‬‫والتنسيق‬‫العام‬‫بين‬‫أفكار‬‫الموضوع‬.
6‫ان‬ -‫تستخدم‬‫الزمن‬‫الصحيح‬‫والمنائسب‬‫لنوعية‬‫الموضوع‬‫الذي‬‫تكتبه‬‫فقد‬‫يكون‬‫في‬‫المضارع‬‫وقد‬‫يكون‬‫في‬‫الماضي‬‫أو‬
‫المستقبل‬‫أو‬‫خليط‬.‫بينهم‬
7‫تجنب‬ -‫ائستخدام‬‫الجمل‬‫المعقدة‬‫والتي‬‫تحتوي‬‫علي‬‫مفردات‬‫وتركيبات‬‫صعبة‬‫قد‬‫توقعك‬‫في‬‫أخطاء‬‫أنت‬‫في‬‫غني‬‫عنها‬‫وعليك‬
‫بائستخدام‬‫الجمل‬‫البسيطة‬‫والسهلة‬‫في‬.‫المعني‬
8‫خصص‬ -‫صفحة‬‫كاملة‬‫أو‬‫صفحتين‬‫للموضوع‬‫في‬‫ورقة‬‫المتحان‬‫ويفضل‬‫دائما‬‫أن‬‫تترك‬‫ئسطر‬‫عند‬‫كتابة‬.‫الموضوع‬
9‫اجتهد‬ -‫في‬‫تحسين‬‫خطك‬‫وذلك‬‫بترك‬‫مسافة‬‫بين‬‫كل‬‫كلمة‬‫واخري‬‫فهذا‬‫يعطي‬‫انطبعا‬‫طيبا‬‫للمصحح‬
1‫البداية‬ -(‫)المقدمة‬2‫النهاية‬ -)the end(
3‫الموضوع‬ -)subject matter(
1‫طرق‬ (‫كتابة‬‫بداية‬‫الموضوع‬:
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‫التعبي‬ ‫موضوع‬ ‫تقسيم‬ ‫وينبغي‬
‫ال‬
‫يمكنك‬‫أن‬‫تبدأ‬‫بــ‬
1-‫جملة‬‫عامة‬‫عن‬‫الموضوع‬‫يفهم‬‫القارئ‬‫من‬‫خللها‬‫ما‬‫يدور‬‫حوله‬.‫الموضوع‬
2‫حكمة‬ -‫أو‬‫مثل‬‫أو‬.‫حكاية‬3‫بتعريف‬ -‫الموضوع‬.4‫باقتباس‬ -.
2‫أما‬ (‫عن‬‫كتابة‬‫الموضوع‬‫ينبغي‬‫مراعاة‬‫التي‬:
1‫يجب‬ -‫أن‬‫تكون‬‫الجمل‬‫واضحة‬‫ومتوامزنة‬.
2‫تجنب‬ -‫الجمل‬‫الطويلة‬‫بشكل‬‫عام‬‫وأن‬ .‫تختار‬‫الكلمات‬‫المنائسبة‬‫للتعبير‬‫عن‬‫الفكرة‬‫وتجنب‬‫ائستخدام‬‫الكلمات‬‫الغريبة‬.
3‫الئستخدام‬ -‫الصحيح‬‫لعلمات‬‫الترقيم‬)punctuation. (
4‫تجنب‬ -‫الكتابة‬‫بضمير‬‫المتكلم‬‫ال‬‫إذا‬‫كان‬‫الموضوع‬‫يخص‬‫شخص‬‫لكاتب‬‫الموضوع‬‫مثل‬‫موضوع‬My favourite game
‫لعبتي‬ –.‫المفضلة‬
3‫الخاتمة‬ -The end:
‫غالبا‬‫ما‬‫تتضمن‬‫الخاتمة‬‫ملخصا‬)summary‫للراء‬ (‫التي‬‫عبرت‬‫عنها‬‫أو‬‫النتيجة‬‫التي‬‫وصلت‬‫إليها‬‫والنتيجة‬‫هذه‬‫قد‬‫تكون‬
‫نصيحة‬‫أو‬‫تحذير‬‫أو‬‫اعطاء‬‫رأي‬‫أو‬.‫غيره‬
4‫ولما‬ -‫كانت‬‫البداية‬‫الجيدة‬‫تعطي‬‫أنطباعا‬‫جيدا‬‫للمصحح‬،‫رأيت‬‫أن‬‫أقدم‬‫لك‬‫هذه‬‫المجموعة‬‫من‬‫التعبيرات‬‫الشائعة‬‫وعليك‬‫أن‬
‫تحفظها‬‫لتكون‬‫عونا‬‫بشرط‬‫أن‬‫توظفها‬‫في‬‫مكانها‬‫الصحيح‬‫وفي‬‫الموضوع‬‫الذي‬‫تتنائسب‬‫معه‬.
‫ج ل‬‫افتتاحية‬‫تصلح‬‫لوضوعات‬‫نافعة‬
‫ملحوظة‬:‫نضع‬‫في‬‫الفراغ‬‫الموجود‬‫في‬‫هذه‬‫التعبيرات‬‫كلمة‬‫او‬‫عبارة‬‫تمثل‬‫الموضوع‬:
1) We all agree that …………….... is one of the most important things in our life and has it is vital role
nowadays .
‫نتفق‬‫جميعا‬‫أن‬‫واحد‬ ...............‫من‬‫أهم‬‫الشياء‬‫في‬‫حياتنا‬‫وله‬‫دورا‬‫حيويا‬‫هذه‬.‫اليام‬
2) We all admit the importance and necessity of ……………….... in our life.
‫كلنا‬‫نقر‬‫باهمية‬‫وضرورة‬‫في‬ ..........................‫حياتنا‬
3) No wonder if we say that ……. has (have) its good and positive effects on us.
‫ل‬‫عجب‬‫إذا‬‫قلنا‬‫أن‬‫له‬ ............................‫أثار‬‫طيبة‬‫وايجابية‬‫علينا‬‫جميعا‬.
4) We all agree that …. is very necessary and plays an important part in our life.
‫كلنا‬‫نتفق‬‫أن‬‫ضروري‬ ..........................‫جدا‬‫ويلعب‬‫دورا‬‫هاما‬‫في‬‫حياتنا‬.
5) We should put into consideration that ……………… has (have) become one of the most important
things in everyone's life.
‫يجب‬‫أن‬‫نضع‬‫في‬‫العتبار‬‫ان‬‫قد‬ ...............‫أصبح‬‫واحدا‬‫من‬‫أهم‬‫الشياء‬‫في‬‫حياة‬‫كل‬.‫شخص‬
6) In my opinion, ………………. is really important and necessary nowadays. It may have good and
positive effects on all of us. I think so because ……… may bring all the good to our society.
‫في‬‫رأيي‬‫هو‬ .................‫حقا‬‫مهم‬‫وضروري‬‫هذه‬‫اليام‬‫وقد‬‫يكون‬‫له‬‫الثر‬‫الطيب‬‫واليجابي‬‫علينا‬‫جميعا‬
‫وانني‬‫اعتقد‬‫ذلك‬‫لن‬‫قد‬ .........................‫يعود‬‫بالنفع‬‫علي‬.‫مجتمعنا‬
‫ج ل‬‫وتعبيات‬‫تصلح‬‫مقدمات‬‫لوضوعات‬‫ضارة‬‫أو‬‫مشاك ل‬
1) I see that ........................... stands for an obstacle in the way of our progress so our state spares no
effort to put an end to it.
‫إنني‬‫أري‬‫أن‬‫يمثل‬ ...........‫عقبة‬‫في‬‫طريق‬‫تقدمنا‬‫ومن‬‫ثم‬‫فدولتنا‬‫ل‬‫تدخر‬‫جهدا‬‫لكي‬‫تضع‬‫حدا‬.‫له‬
2) In my point of view, ……………..... is really serious and harmful nowadays. It may have bad and
negative effects on all of us. I think so because ............ may bring all the evil to our society.
45
‫من‬‫وجهة‬‫نظري‬‫هو‬ ...‫فعل‬‫خطير‬‫وضار‬‫هذه‬‫اليام‬‫وقد‬‫يكون‬‫له‬‫اثار‬‫ئسيئة‬‫وئسلبية‬‫علينا‬‫جميعا‬‫وانني‬ .‫اعتقد‬‫ذلك‬......‫لن‬‫قد‬
‫يجلب‬‫الشرور‬‫إلي‬.‫مجتمعنا‬
3) There is no doubt that ………….... is one of the most dangerous phenomena in our life and has its
bad and negative effects nowadays.
‫مما‬‫لشك‬‫فيه‬‫أن‬‫هي‬ ......................‫واحدة‬‫من‬‫أخطر‬‫الظواهر‬‫في‬‫حياتنا‬‫وكذلك‬‫له‬‫اثاره‬‫السيئة‬‫والسلبية‬‫في‬‫وقتنا‬.‫هذا‬
4) Frankly Speaking, ………………... is one of the worst things in our life. Thus, our state spares no
effort to fight it.
‫بصراحة‬‫القول‬‫واحدا‬ ................‫من‬‫أئسوأ‬‫الشياء‬‫في‬‫حياتنا‬‫وعلي‬ .‫هذا‬‫فان‬‫دولتنا‬‫ل‬‫تدخر‬‫جهدا‬‫لكي‬‫تكافح‬‫وتقاوم‬‫هذا‬
.‫الشئ‬
‫كيف‬‫اربط‬‫بي‬‫أفكار‬‫وج ل‬‫الوضوع‬‫؟‬
‫خامسا‬:‫هناك‬‫بعض‬‫الروابط‬‫والكلمات‬‫والمصطلحات‬‫التي‬‫تكتب‬‫مع‬‫بداية‬‫كل‬‫فكرة‬‫جديدة‬‫وتستخدم‬‫لربط‬‫الموضوع‬‫مثل‬-:
‫كيف‬‫أختم‬‫موضوع‬‫التعبي‬
‫سادسا‬:‫ثم‬‫ننهي‬‫الموضوع‬‫باحدي‬‫هذه‬‫العبارات‬:
 Finally , it is quite clear that …….(‫)الموضوع‬ ….. Is really……(‫..)صفة‬
 In brief, I think that ……….… is really ………………
 To sum up , one can say that ……… is really ……………
‫الموضوع‬‫اليجابي‬
I don't know where to begin because this matter occupied my attention but can we
imagine life in the absence of......‫?.........الموضوع‬ In my opinion , Id like to say that ………
‫.....…الموضوع‬is really necessary nowadays and may have good and positive effects on all of us . I
think so because …‫.……الموضوع‬may bring all the good to our society . To begin with , I'd like to say
that , we Egyptians always react well to what is good and react badly to what is bad . Thus we all
agree to and encourage……‫…………الموضوع‬
In fact , it's impossible to lead a happy life without……‫..………الموضوع‬as it is one of our
chief sources of wealth . with the help of …‫……الموضوع‬we can realize progress and development
.The government must exploit all our natural resources and does its best to encourage…‫الموضوع‬
‫من‬‫ناحية‬‫أخري‬One the other hand‫من‬‫ناحية‬On one hand
‫علوة‬‫علي‬‫ذلك‬Moreover = further more‫بالضافة‬‫إلي‬‫ذلك‬In addition to that
‫وبناء‬‫علي‬‫ذلك‬Thus‫وفوق‬‫كل‬‫ذلك‬Above all
‫في‬‫نفس‬‫الوقت‬At the same time‫ومن‬‫ثم‬Hence
‫اكثر‬‫من‬‫ذلك‬More than that‫ونتيجة‬‫لذلك‬And as a result
‫نتيجة‬‫لذلك‬Consequently‫مضافا‬‫إلي‬‫ذلك‬Over and above
46
…. to raise the standard living of citizens. We should put into consideration that ………
‫..……الموضوع‬ has ( have ) become one of the most desirable topics in our society. No wonder if we
say that ……‫.……الموضوع‬ has its good and positive effects on us . …………‫..…الموضوع‬ is
considered an important step to improve and develop one society .We all agree that ………
‫……الموضوع‬is one of the most important things in our life and has its vital role nowadays .
‫الموضوع‬‫السلبي‬
I don't know where to begin because this matter occupied my attention as it is one of the
most serious problems which threatens our life at present .It's out of discussion that the problem of
……‫الموضوع‬ ….. .doesn't bring happiness and development to our society
We must exploit all our natural resources and do our best to find suitable answers to …‫الموضوع‬
….In my opinion this problem hinder progress and development.
At my point of view , I believe that……‫..…الموضوع‬ is really serious and harmful and may
have bad and negative effects on all of us . I see that ……‫.………الموضوع‬stands for an obstacle in
the way of our progress , hence our state spares no effort to put an end to it . On one hand I think that
one should unite , co-operate and stand , shoulder to shoulder against ………‫الموضوع‬ …….. . On
the other hand the government must try to overcame this serious problem by finding the best
solutions .one of the most important solution to this problem is that all members of the society must
participate in putting an end to this serious problem.
‫عبارات‬‫تصلح‬‫لوضوعات‬‫التعبي‬(‫)تظفظ‬
 Businessmen must participate in setting up projects.
‫علي‬‫رجل‬‫العمال‬‫المساهمة‬‫في‬‫انشاء‬.‫المشروعات‬
 Production goes side by side with consumption.
‫يسير‬‫النتاج‬‫جنبا‬‫إلي‬‫جنب‬‫مع‬.‫الستهلك‬
 Smoking is a bad habit and we must give it up.
‫التدخين‬‫عادة‬‫سيئة‬‫ويجب‬‫القلع‬‫عنها‬
 One of the greatest civilization in the history of the world.
‫احدي‬‫أعظم‬‫الحضارات‬‫في‬‫العالم‬
 It's out of discussion that … doesn't always bring …..
‫بل‬‫ريب‬‫أن‬......‫ل‬‫تجلب‬‫دائما‬
 We should do our best to find suitable answers to ……..
‫يجب‬‫أن‬‫نبذل‬‫قصاري‬‫جهدنا‬‫ليجاد‬‫حلول‬‫لـــ‬
 In fact. It's impossible to lead a happy life without…….
‫في‬‫الواقع‬‫أنه‬‫من‬‫المستحيل‬‫عيش‬‫حياة‬‫هنية‬‫بدون‬........
47
 The press plays an important role in forming public awareness.
‫تلعب‬‫الصحافة‬‫دورا‬‫هاما‬‫في‬‫تكوين‬‫الوعي‬‫القومي‬
 We seek peace for the welfare and happiness of man
‫نحن‬‫نبحث‬‫عن‬‫السلم‬‫من‬‫أجل‬‫رفاهية‬‫وسعادة‬‫النسان‬
 We must exploit all our natural resource.
‫يجب‬‫ان‬‫نستغل‬‫كل‬‫مواردنا‬.‫الطبيعية‬
 Illiteracy and unemployment result in the spread of crime.
‫ينتج‬‫عن‬‫المية‬‫والبطالة‬‫انتشار‬.‫الجريمة‬
 To strengthen out ties with other countries. ‫يقوي‬‫علقاتنا‬‫مع‬‫القطار‬
‫.الخري‬
 We look forward to the time when peace prevails. ‫نتطلع‬‫إلي‬‫الوقت‬‫الذي‬‫يحل‬‫فيه‬
‫.السلم‬
 Can you imagine life in the absence of…..? ‫هل‬‫لك‬‫ان‬‫تتخيل‬‫الحياة‬‫في‬‫غياب‬
........‫؟‬
 ….Is one of our chief sources of wealth. ..... ‫هي‬‫أحدي‬‫المصادر‬‫الساسية‬
‫.للثروة‬
 Great progress will be made in the field of ……… ‫سيحدث‬‫تقدم‬‫هائل‬‫في‬‫مجال‬
........
 It teaches us discipline and co-operation … … ‫تعلمنا‬‫النظام‬
‫.والتعامل‬
 A revolution of information resources ‫ثورة‬‫في‬‫مصادر‬‫المعرفة‬
 We are indebted to him for his discoveries ‫مدينون‬‫له‬
‫لكتشافاته‬
 To improve our standard of living ‫لرفع‬‫مستوي‬‫معيشتنا‬)‫لتحسين‬ )
 To stand against war and terrorism ‫نقف‬‫ضد‬‫الحرب‬
‫والرهاب‬
 I'm determined to make my way ‫عقدت‬‫العزم‬‫علي‬‫أن‬‫اشق‬‫طريقي‬
‫إلي‬‫النجاح‬
 You have to face both alternatives ‫عليك‬‫بمواجهة‬‫كل‬‫الحتمالين‬
 I don't known where to begin ‫ل‬‫اعرف‬‫من‬‫اين‬‫ابدأ‬
 Cleanliness is next to godliness ‫النظافة‬‫من‬‫اليمان‬
 This matter occupied my attention ‫لقد‬‫شغلتني‬‫هذه‬‫المسألة‬
 To enrich their knowledge ‫لثراء‬‫معرفتهم‬
 For the sake of our country ‫لصالح‬‫بلدنا‬
 Upgrading education ‫النهوض‬‫بالتعليم‬
 To take into account ‫يأخذ‬‫في‬‫العتبار‬
 To create good citizens ‫لخلق‬‫مواطنين‬‫صالحين‬
 Good work tells in the end ‫العمل‬‫الطيب‬‫يظهر‬‫اثر‬‫في‬‫النهاية‬
 I think better of it ‫ساعيد‬‫النظر‬‫في‬‫ذلك‬
 Right habits and moralities ‫العادات‬‫والخلق‬‫الصحيحة‬
48
 Help me understand ‫يساعدني‬‫علي‬‫الفهم‬
 There is a radical change in ‫يوجد‬‫تغير‬‫جذري‬‫في‬
 Achieving safety for citizens ‫تحقيق‬‫المن‬‫للمواطنين‬
 Social and political rights ‫الحقوق‬‫الجتماعية‬‫والسياسية‬
 To reform all of education ‫اصلح‬‫جميع‬‫مراحل‬‫التعليم‬
 Up-to-date equipment ‫معدات‬‫حديثة‬
 To achieve self-sufficiency ‫لتحقيق‬‫الكتفاء‬‫الذاتي‬
 Construction flyovers and tunnels ‫نشيد‬‫الكباري‬
‫والنفاق‬
 Establishing child libraries ‫انشاء‬‫مكتبات‬
‫الطفال‬
 Everywhere all over the country ‫في‬‫كل‬‫مكان‬‫في‬‫انحاء‬
‫القطر‬
 In the course of the last years ‫في‬‫غضون‬‫العوام‬‫الخيرة‬
 Practical steps have been taken ‫خطوات‬‫عملية‬‫قد‬‫اتخذت‬
 For the good of the society ‫من‬‫أجل‬‫منفعة‬‫المجتمع‬
 Thanks to science and technology. ‫يفضل‬‫العلم‬
‫والتكنولوجيا‬
 Every branch of knowledge ‫كل‬‫فروع‬‫المعرفة‬
 General knowledge ‫المعرفة‬‫العامة‬
 Sense of belonging. ‫الشعور‬‫بالنتماء‬
 Sense of responsibility ‫الشعور‬
‫بالمسئولية‬
 Sense of loyalty ‫الشعور‬‫بالولء‬
 International relations ‫علقات‬‫دولية‬
 In practical fields ‫في‬‫المجالت‬‫العلمية‬
 A good social position ‫مكانة‬‫اجتماعية‬‫مرموقة‬
 Great achievements ‫انجازات‬‫عظيمة‬
 To double production ‫نضاعف‬‫النتاج‬
 To achieve prosperity and welfare ‫لتحقيق‬‫الرخاء‬‫والرفاهية‬
 To develop the individual awareness ‫لتنمية‬‫الوعي‬‫الفردي‬
 To work for peace ‫نعمل‬‫من‬‫أجل‬
‫السلم‬
 To devote (himself)to ‫يكرس‬‫حياته‬‫لـــ‬
 To spare no effort ‫ل‬‫يدخر‬‫وسعا‬
 To increase our exports ‫نزيد‬‫صادراتنا‬
 The problem of over – crowdedness ‫مشكلة‬‫شدة‬
‫الزدحام‬
 We have to stand firmly against ‫علينا‬‫أن‬‫نقف‬‫بحزم‬‫ضد‬
49
 Thanks to your efforts ‫بفضل‬‫جهودكم‬
 For the bigger purpose ‫من‬‫أجل‬‫غرض‬‫أهم‬
 Make the most of your time ‫استغل‬‫معظم‬
‫وقتك‬
 Habit ever remains ‫من‬‫شب‬‫علي‬‫شئ‬‫شاب‬
‫عليه‬
 There is room for improvement ‫هناك‬‫مجال‬
‫للتحسين‬
 An important earner ‫مصدر‬‫هام‬‫للدخل‬
 In an attempt to ‫في‬‫محاولة‬‫لــــ‬
 Follow my example ‫يحذو‬‫حذو‬
 A solution to the problem ‫حل‬‫للمشكلة‬
 At an incredible rate ‫بمعدل‬‫ل‬‫يصدق‬
 To live and learn ‫كلما‬‫عاش‬‫كلما‬‫تعلم‬
‫امثر‬
 To turn over a new leaf ‫يبدأ‬‫في‬‫التصرف‬‫بطريقة‬
‫أفضل‬
 Sphere of influence ‫منطقة‬‫نفوذ‬
 Back on track ‫انتكاسة‬
 Escalation of violence ‫تصعيد‬‫العنف‬
 No fly zone ‫منطقة‬‫حظر‬‫جوى‬
 Condemned religious extremism ‫التطرف‬‫الديني‬
 One of the issues that had been settled ‫احدي‬‫القرارات‬‫التي‬
‫اتخذت‬
 Solid national unity ‫وحدة‬‫وطنية‬‫متماسكة‬
 Outstanding opportunity ‫فرصة‬‫رائعة‬
 Stage of privatization ‫مرحلة‬‫الخصخصة‬
 Supply and demand ‫العرض‬‫والطلب‬
 Plunge the Middle East into turmoil ‫يدفع‬‫بمنطقة‬‫الشرق‬‫الوسط‬‫إلي‬
‫دوامات‬‫العنف‬
 Restoring process to the right track ‫أعادة‬‫عملية‬‫السلم‬‫إلي‬‫مسارها‬
‫الصحيح‬
 Top the agenda of talks ‫علي‬‫رأس‬‫قائمة‬‫المباحثات‬
‫الدعاء‬‫لكل‬‫من‬‫ساهم‬‫فى‬‫هذا‬‫العمل‬‫بالنجاح‬‫و‬‫الفلح‬‫فى‬‫الدارين‬
50
‫تعبيرات‬Expressions
The effective means ‫الوسيلة‬‫الفعالة‬ The needs of people ‫احتياجات‬‫الشعب‬
Arab solidarity ‫التضامن‬‫العربي‬ The corner stone ‫حجر‬‫الزاوية‬
Expert great efforts ‫يبذل‬‫جهود‬‫عظيمة‬ To close the ranks ‫لجمع‬‫الشمل‬
Step by step ‫خطوة‬‫بخطوة‬ Strong ties ‫روابط‬‫قوية‬
Cultural event ‫حدث‬‫ثقافي‬ She is good humoured ‫انها‬‫هادئة‬‫الطبع‬
A peace loving ‫محبة‬‫للسلم‬ Opposite direction ‫الجتجاه‬‫المضاد‬
With all means ‫بكل‬‫السبل‬ In co-operation with ‫بالتعاون‬‫مع‬
The privatization ‫برنامج‬‫الخصخصة‬ Monopoly of arms ‫احتكار‬‫السل ح‬
The Palestine ‫القضية‬‫الفلسطينة‬ I'm not in a hurry ‫لست‬‫متعجل‬
Maximum income ‫اعلى‬‫دخل‬ Take into consideration ‫ياخذ‬‫فى‬‫العتبار‬
Day of rage ‫انه‬‫موضوع‬‫الساعة‬ It is to your interest ‫انه‬‫من‬‫مصلحتك‬
Day of rage ‫يوم‬‫الغضب‬ I can't help it ‫ماباليد‬‫حيلة‬
Thanks to ‫بفضل‬ Don't imagine ‫لجتكن‬‫خياليا‬
In enriching ‫فى‬‫اثراء‬ In this age ‫فى‬‫هذا‬‫العصر‬
The only way ‫السبيل‬‫الوحيد‬ To cope with ‫نساير‬
With the aim of ‫بهدف‬ Sever short age ‫نقص‬‫حاد‬
Mixed ‫نتائج‬‫متضاربة‬ The right to vote ‫حق‬‫النتخاب‬
Initiative ‫مبادرة‬ Sanctions ‫العقوبات‬
Mother tongue ‫اللغة‬‫الم‬ Communicate with ‫يتصل‬‫ب‬
Cairo international book fair
‫معرض‬‫القاهرة‬‫الدولى‬‫للكتاب‬
Setback ‫انتكاسة‬
In defence ‫دفاعا‬‫عن‬
Make contributions ‫يقدم‬‫اسهامات‬ Human rights ‫حقوق‬‫النسان‬
In favour of ‫لصالحمؤيد‬ Hold demonstration ‫يقوم‬‫بمظاهرة‬
Catch up with ‫يساير‬‫-يواكب‬ Pay attention to ‫ينتبة‬‫الى‬
At an alarming rate ‫بمعدل‬‫مزعج‬ Side by side ‫جنبا‬‫الى‬‫جنب‬
Great novelist ‫روائى‬‫عظيم‬ Aware of ‫واع‬‫ل-مطلع‬‫على‬
Artificial lake ‫بحيرة‬‫اصطناعية‬ The importance ‫اهمية‬
Hard work ‫عمل‬‫شاق‬ Beauty lovers ‫عشاق‬‫الجمال‬
For better , for worse
‫في‬‫السراء‬‫والضراء‬
misunderstanding ‫سوء‬‫الفهم‬
Daily needs ‫احتياجات‬‫يومية‬
Primary education ‫جتعليم‬‫ابتدائى‬ responsible for ‫مسئول‬‫عن‬
General education ‫جتعليم‬‫عام‬ University graduates ‫خريجي‬‫الجامعات‬
Free education ‫جتعليم‬‫مجانى‬ Secondary education ‫جتعليم‬‫ثانوى‬
Natural disasters ‫كوارث‬‫طبيعية‬ Open education ‫جتعليم‬‫مفتو ح‬
51
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Translation   paragraph - letter - common mistakes
Translation   paragraph - letter - common mistakes
Translation   paragraph - letter - common mistakes
Translation   paragraph - letter - common mistakes
Translation   paragraph - letter - common mistakes

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Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 

Translation paragraph - letter - common mistakes

  • 1. ‫ل‬‫ترجمة‬‫لكلمة‬‫دون‬‫قراءة‬‫الجملة‬‫ول‬ ...‫ترجمة‬‫لجملة‬‫دون‬‫قراءة‬‫الفقرة‬‫ول‬‫ترجمة‬‫للفقرة‬‫دون‬‫التعرف‬‫علي‬‫السياق‬ ‫فالترجمة‬ .‫العام‬‫ليست‬‫مجرد‬‫نقل‬‫كلمة‬‫أو‬‫لفظ‬‫وإنما‬‫هي‬‫نقل‬‫مفاهيم‬‫الكلم‬‫بكل‬‫ما‬‫حولها‬‫من‬‫إيحاءات‬‫وشحنات‬‫عاطفية‬‫أو‬ ‫عقلنية‬‫تربطها‬‫بالنص‬‫من‬‫خل ل‬‫ألفاظ‬‫فالكلمات‬‫كالكائن‬‫الحي‬‫ل‬‫يعيش‬‫إل‬‫في‬‫مجتمع‬‫ول‬‫تستمد‬‫وجودها‬‫إل‬‫من‬‫بيئة‬ ‫حولها‬‫تتعايش‬.‫معها‬ ‫خذ‬‫مثا ل‬‫فكلمة‬ :)Home‫من‬ (‫الصعب‬‫ترجمتها‬‫خارج‬‫السياق‬،‫فاذا‬‫وردت‬‫في‬‫سياق‬‫هذه‬‫الجملة‬‫تكون‬‫الترجمة‬‫دون‬‫أي‬ ‫لبس‬‫"أنه‬‫في‬"‫المنز ل‬"He is at home" ‫لكن‬‫عند‬‫كلمة‬home‫في‬‫جملة‬-:‫مثل‬"Home means a lot to me" ‫تصبح‬‫هذه‬‫الكلمة‬‫صعبة‬‫الترجمة‬‫في‬‫الجلمة‬‫ذاتها‬‫ولبد‬‫من‬‫قراءة‬‫النص‬‫بأكمله‬‫وإليك‬ ‫هذه‬‫الحتمالت‬: 1‫أحد‬ -‫المغتربين‬‫في‬‫الخارج‬‫يتحدث‬‫إلي‬‫زميله‬‫مرددا‬‫الجملة‬‫السابقة‬‫فتكون‬‫كلمة‬)Home‫هنا‬ (.‫الوطن‬ 2‫سيدة‬ -‫أعما ل‬‫تغادر‬‫بيتها‬‫في‬‫الصباح‬‫وتعود‬‫في‬‫المساء‬‫فكلمة‬ .)Home‫تعني‬ (‫لها‬‫الحياة‬.‫السرية‬ 3‫أحد‬ -‫العاملين‬‫في‬‫الصحراء‬‫في‬‫البترو ل‬‫مثل‬‫تفوه‬‫بكلمة‬)Home‫فهى‬ (‫تعني‬‫له‬‫الراحة‬‫والدفء‬. ‫لذا‬‫تعتمد‬‫الترجمة‬‫اساسا‬‫علي‬.‫المعاني‬ ‫يظن‬‫الكثير‬‫ان‬‫صعوبة‬‫الترجمة‬‫تكمن‬‫في‬‫صعوبة‬‫الكلمات‬‫والمفرادات‬‫المعطاة‬‫‘ولكن‬‫البناء‬‫اللغوي‬‫السليم‬‫للجملة‬ ‫المعطاة‬‫هو‬‫البداية‬‫الصحيحة‬‫لضمان‬‫الحصو ل‬‫علي‬‫درجة‬‫سؤا ل‬.‫الترجمة‬ 1-‫التمكن‬‫من‬‫قواعد‬‫اللغة‬‫التي‬‫درستها‬‫وتدرسها‬‫والتي‬‫تمكنك‬‫من‬‫البناء‬‫السليم‬‫للجملة‬ ‫واليك‬‫هذا‬:‫المثال‬ ‫"لقد‬‫حققت‬‫مصر‬‫انجازات‬‫عظيمة‬‫خل ل‬‫العشرون‬‫سنة‬"‫الخيرة‬ ‫فابدا‬:‫كاليتي‬ ‫حدد‬‫هذة‬‫العناصر‬ ‫إذن‬‫فاعل‬‫الجملة‬‫)مصر‬‫والفعل‬ (‫)حققت‬‫والمفعو ل‬ ((‫)انجازات‬ ‫ملحوظة‬:‫كلمة‬‫تعطي‬ "‫"لقد‬‫الفضلية‬‫لزمن‬‫المضارع‬‫التام‬‫مع‬‫العلم‬‫انها‬‫سوف‬‫تحذف‬‫عند‬‫الترجمة‬ ‫وماذا‬‫عن‬‫مكان‬‫الصفة‬‫؟‬‫دائما‬‫قبل‬‫السم‬‫)ولتجمع‬.(‫أبدا‬ ‫إذا‬‫الاجابة‬‫المقترحة‬‫هي‬: Egypt has made great achievements during the last twenty years. 2-‫حدد‬‫زمن‬:‫هل‬ ‫الجملة‬‫هو‬‫مضارع‬‫أم‬‫ماضي‬‫أم‬‫مستقبل‬‫أم‬‫مزيج‬‫من‬‫الزمنة‬: ‫"لقد‬‫نجحت‬‫مصر‬‫في‬‫اجمع‬‫شمل‬‫القادة‬‫العرب‬‫وسيكون‬‫لهذا‬‫أثرا‬‫طيبا‬‫علي‬‫عملية‬"‫السل"م‬ ‫لحظ‬‫الجملة‬ :‫هنا‬‫تحتوي‬‫علي‬‫أكثر‬‫من‬‫الجزء‬ .‫زمن‬‫الو ل‬‫من‬‫الجملة‬‫يحتوي‬‫علي‬‫زمن‬‫مضارع‬‫والخر‬‫لنري‬ .‫مستقبل‬ ‫كيف‬‫تكون‬‫الترجمة‬‫؟‬ Egypt has succeeded in closing the ranks of the Arab leaders and this will have a great effect on the peace process. 3-‫تجنب‬‫دائما‬‫الترجمة‬‫الحرفية‬‫التي‬‫تؤدي‬‫إلي‬‫تحطيم‬‫الشكل‬‫السليم‬.‫فمثل‬ ‫للجملة‬: ‫"مازلنا‬‫نعاني‬‫من‬‫مشكلة‬"‫البطالة‬ "Still suffer from problem of unemployment" (X) ‫وهذه‬‫ترجمة‬‫طالب‬‫لم‬‫يطبق‬‫قواعد‬‫اللغة‬‫وبالتالي‬‫فالجملة‬‫خطأ‬‫تماما‬‫والصحيح‬‫هو‬: "We are still suffering from the problem of unemployment" 4 3 2 1 ‫باقي‬‫الجملة‬ ‫مفعو ل‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫فاعل‬ 25 ‫هذا‬ ‫أهدي‬ ‫الزعزاء‬ ‫طليبي‬ ‫إل‬ ‫الصاص‬ ‫الزء‬‫بالترجمة‬ ‫باليتي‬ ‫ال‬ ‫يتحقق‬ ‫ل‬ ‫وهذا‬
  • 2. ‫أنظر‬ )‫إلي‬‫الجزء‬‫الخاص‬‫بــ‬Word order( 4-‫يجب‬‫أن‬‫تتعامل‬‫بشكل‬‫صحيح‬‫مع‬)Verb to be(: ‫لن‬‫يتركيب‬‫الجملة‬‫في‬‫اللغة‬‫العربية‬‫قد‬‫يؤدي‬‫إلي‬‫نسيانه‬،‫نقو ل"الطالب‬‫ماهر"اين‬‫فعل‬‫الجملة‬‫؟‬ ‫في‬‫الواقع‬‫هي‬‫جملة‬‫سليمة‬‫ول‬‫تحتاج‬‫فعل‬‫في‬‫اللغة‬‫العربية‬‫لكن‬‫في‬‫النجليزية‬‫لبد‬‫من‬.‫الفعل‬ ‫فنقو ل‬:"The student is clever" ‫الن‬‫يتراجم‬‫بنفسك‬‫"إن‬ :‫صحراء‬‫مصر‬‫غنية‬‫بثراويتها‬"‫الطبيعية‬ "Egypt …..rich in its natural resource" ‫حاو ل‬‫أن‬‫تتعرف‬‫علي‬‫الناقص‬ ‫أنظر‬ )‫الجزء‬‫الخاص‬‫بـ‬)verb to be( 5-‫ايضا‬‫يجب‬‫أن‬‫تتعامل‬‫بشكل‬‫صحيح‬‫مع‬)verb to have:( ‫فمثل‬‫"لدينا‬‫الكثير‬‫من‬‫الموارد‬‫هنا‬ "‫الطبيعي‬‫اين‬‫الفاعل‬‫والفعل‬‫)نحن‬‫وتكون‬ (‫نمتلك‬:‫الترجمة‬ "We have a lot of natural resource". 6-‫المفعول‬‫المطلق‬‫ل‬‫يترجم‬‫ولكن‬‫يستخدم‬‫ظرف‬‫أو‬‫جملة‬‫ظرفية‬‫تدل‬‫علي‬:‫معناه‬ -‫تهتم‬‫الدولة‬‫بالتعليم‬‫اهتماما‬‫كبيرا‬.  The start is (greatly) seriously interested in Education. -‫تطورت‬‫الظروف‬‫الجتماعية‬‫في‬‫مصر‬‫تطورا‬‫كبيرا‬  Social conditions in Egypt have significantly changed. -‫ازداد‬‫الموقف‬‫سوءا‬‫بشكل‬.‫خطير‬  The situation grew seriously worse. 7-‫دائما‬‫الصفة‬‫تأتي‬‫قبل‬‫السم‬‫والظرف‬‫بعد‬‫الفعل‬‫وعلمته‬"ly"‫ماعدا‬:‫الشواذ‬  He is foolish boy. ‫انه‬‫ولد‬‫أحمق‬  He behaves foolishly. ‫انه‬‫يتصرف‬‫بحماقة‬ ‫اما‬‫الظرف‬‫الذي‬‫ينتهي‬‫بـ‬"ly"‫مثل‬quietly‫فتكون‬‫ترجمته‬)‫بشكل‬‫هادئ‬-‫علي‬‫نحو‬( ..‫الخ‬ ‫هادئ‬ 8-‫اذا‬‫كان‬‫النص‬‫المراد‬‫ترجمته‬‫مكتوب‬‫بلغة‬‫المبني‬‫للمجهول‬‫يفضل‬‫استخدام‬‫لغة‬ ‫المبني‬:‫للمعلوم‬  The operation was performed by a well-known surgeon. ‫قام‬‫جراح‬‫مشهور‬‫باجراء‬‫العملية‬) .‫لقد‬ ‫الجراحية‬‫أجري‬‫العملية‬‫جراح‬(.‫مشهور‬ 9-‫تستخدم‬"of"‫عندما‬‫يكون‬‫المضاف‬‫اليه‬‫غير‬‫عاقل‬‫مثل‬:  The ministry of Education ‫وزارة‬‫التعليم‬  The problem of unemployment ‫مشكلة‬‫البطالة‬ 10-‫تستخدم‬"S"‫الملكية‬‫عندما‬‫يكون‬‫المضاف‬‫اليه‬‫عاقل‬‫مثل‬: ‫ملكية‬‫مفرد‬' )s‫منزل‬‫والدتي‬(My mother's house. ‫ملكية‬‫جمع‬)'s‫منزل‬‫والدي‬(My parents' house. 11-‫اداة‬‫النصب‬" "‫ليس‬ ‫إن‬‫لها‬‫مكان‬‫عند‬‫الترجمة‬‫النجليزية‬‫فمثل‬: ‫أن‬‫زيادة‬‫النتاج‬‫هي‬‫السبيل‬‫الوحيد‬‫لبناء‬‫المجتمع‬‫المثالي‬‫الذي‬‫نسعي‬.‫إليه‬ Increasing production is the only way to build up the ideal society for which we aspire. 12-‫حفظ‬‫ما‬‫تيسر‬‫لك‬‫من‬‫الفعال‬‫وحروف‬‫الجر‬‫الخاصة‬‫بها‬: ‫فمثل‬:‫ترجمة‬‫هذه‬‫الجملة‬"‫مدرسي‬‫مسرور‬‫من‬"‫عملي‬  "My teacher is pleased with my work"  Pleased from ‫من‬‫الخطأ‬‫أن‬‫نقول‬  The child is afraid of the lion. ‫ايضا‬‫الطفل‬‫خائف‬‫من‬‫السد‬ ‫من‬‫الخطأ‬‫القول‬)afraid from( 26
  • 3. 13-‫حفظ‬‫الفعال‬‫التي‬‫ل‬‫تحتاج‬‫إلي‬‫حروف‬:‫جر‬ ‫الن‬‫ترجم‬‫هذه‬‫الجملة‬"‫نحن‬‫نحتفل‬‫بعيد‬"‫الطفولة‬  We celebrate the Child day  We enjoyed the party . ‫استمتعنا‬‫بالحفلة‬ ‫اين‬‫حرف‬‫الجر‬‫؟‬‫هذه‬‫الفعال‬‫ل‬‫تحتاج‬‫بعدها‬‫حرف‬‫جر‬‫واليك‬‫بعض‬‫هذه‬‫الفعال‬: ‫يعجب‬‫بــ‬Admire‫يؤثر‬‫علي‬Affect ‫يدين‬‫بـ‬Owe‫يحتفل‬‫بـ‬Celebrate ‫يشتمل‬‫علي‬Include‫يشعر‬‫بـ‬Feel ‫يضحي‬Sacrifice‫يلتحق‬‫بـ‬Join ‫يتعرف‬‫علي‬Recognize‫يتمتع‬‫بــ‬Enjoy ‫يحصل‬‫علي‬Obtain‫يقبض‬‫علي‬Arrest ‫يخشي‬‫أن‬Fear‫يصل‬‫إلي‬Reach 14-‫حفظ‬‫تصريفات‬‫الفعال‬‫الشائعة‬‫حتي‬‫تتمكن‬‫من‬‫كتابة‬‫الجملة‬‫في‬‫زمنها‬‫الصحيح‬: ‫فمثل‬:"‫لقد‬‫أصبح‬‫التعليم‬‫من‬‫أهم‬‫الهداف‬‫التي‬‫تسعي‬‫الحكومة‬"‫لتحقيقها‬  Developing education has become one of the most important aims which our government tries to achieve. ‫لحظ‬‫هنا‬‫استخدام‬‫المضارع‬‫التام‬‫والذي‬‫يتكون‬‫من‬)has & have + p.p( .‫وقد‬‫آثرنا‬‫استخدام‬‫هذا‬‫الزمن‬ ‫لوجود‬‫نتيجة‬15-‫من‬+‫صفة‬+‫لـ‬‫أو‬‫علي‬+‫مفعول‬: +‫ان‬  It is + adj. + for + n + to + inf. ‫من‬‫الفضل‬‫لنا‬‫أن‬‫نتعلم‬‫اللغات‬‫الجنبية‬‫لنها‬‫وسيلة‬‫للتصال‬‫بين‬‫الناس‬  It is better for us to learn foreign languages because they are means of communication among people. 16-‫الضمائر‬‫المستترة‬‫فى‬‫العربية‬pronouns‫يجب‬‫إظهارها‬‫عند‬‫الترجمة‬‫إلى‬:‫النجليزية‬ ‫نفخر‬‫بأن‬‫التعليم‬‫هو‬‫المشروع‬‫الول‬‫في‬‫مصر‬)3‫ث‬2003( We're proud that education is the first national project in Egypt 17-‫لم‬‫التعليل‬‫تترجم‬‫إلى‬:‫المصدر‬+In order to / so as to / to… ‫سهر‬‫طوال‬‫الليل‬‫لينهى‬‫جميع‬‫أعماله‬ He sat up all night so as to get all his work over. 18-‫الضمير‬‫المضاف‬‫إلي‬‫فعل‬‫يترجم‬‫إلي‬)‫ضمير‬‫مفعول‬–herme – him – emth –us:( ‫إن‬‫تعلم‬‫اللغات‬‫الجنبية‬‫يمكننا‬‫من‬‫قراءة‬‫الصحف‬.‫العالمية‬ Learning foreign languages enable us to read the international newspapers. 19‫الضمير‬ -‫المضاف‬‫إلي‬‫اسم‬‫يترجم‬‫إلي‬‫)صفة‬‫ملكية‬(myher-their-- his-our-itsyour:( - ‫يزور‬‫مصر‬‫كثير‬‫من‬‫السياح‬‫كل‬‫عام‬‫لمشاهدة‬‫أثارها‬‫القديمة‬ Every year, a lot of tourists visit Egypt to watch its ancient monument 20-‫السماء‬‫المعنوية‬‫ل‬‫تأخذ‬the‫عند‬‫ترجمتها‬‫إلى‬:‫النجليزية‬ Honour ‫الشرف‬ Virtue ‫الفضيلة‬ Peace ‫السلم‬ Beauty ‫الجمال‬ Love ‫الحب‬ Friendship ‫الصدقة‬ truth ‫الصدق‬ progress ‫التقدم‬ Honesty ‫المانة‬ ‫يرجع‬‫التقدم‬‫فى‬‫الزراعة‬‫والصناعة‬‫والطب‬‫إلى‬‫العلم‬.‫الحديث‬ Progress in agriculture, industry and medicine is due to modern science. ‫فهنا‬‫نتكلم‬‫عن‬‫التقدم‬‫والصناعة‬‫والزارعة‬‫بصفة‬‫عامة‬‫فل‬‫يصح‬‫أن‬‫نقول‬The progress ‫ولكن‬‫إذا‬‫خصصنا‬‫وقلنا‬‫التقدم‬‫فى‬‫مصر‬The progress in Egypt……… 21-‫الصفة‬‫المسبوقة‬‫بـ‬)the(‫ول‬‫يتبعها‬‫أسم‬‫تترجم‬‫إلي‬‫اسم‬‫جمع‬‫في‬‫اللغة‬:‫العربية‬ 27
  • 4. ‫النغنياء‬the rich‫الفقراء‬ –the poor‫البكم‬ -the dumb 22-‫السماء‬‫التى‬‫ل‬‫تجمع‬Uncountable Nouns‫ل‬‫تأخذ‬‫أداة‬‫المعرفة‬the: paper ‫الورق‬ luggage ‫المتعة‬ baggage ‫الحقائب‬ Grass ‫العشب‬ money ‫المال‬ oil ‫الزيت‬ electricity ‫الكهرباء‬ information ‫معلومات‬ news ‫أخبار‬ 23-‫كلمات‬‫التوكيد‬‫فى‬‫اللغة‬‫العربية‬‫ليست‬‫لها‬:‫ترجمة‬ ‫إن‬‫الصناعة‬‫هى‬‫أساس‬‫التنمية‬ .development. * Industry is the basis of 24-‫حرف‬‫الـ‬)‫س‬(‫وكلمة‬( )‫المرادف‬ ‫سوف‬‫لهما‬‫فى‬‫اللغة‬‫النجليزية‬‫هو‬‫زمن‬‫المستقبل‬ :‫البسيط‬ *The government will build a lot of schools. ‫ستبنى‬‫الحكومة‬‫مدارس‬‫كثيرة‬ 25- ‫لقد‬+‫فعل‬‫ماضى‬‫وفى‬‫الجملة‬‫إشارة‬‫تدل‬‫على‬‫الماضى‬‫البسيط‬‫تترجم‬‫إلى‬‫ماضى‬ ‫بسيط‬: *He telephoned me yesterday. ‫لقد‬‫اتصل‬‫بى‬‫أمس‬‫ا‬ً ‫هاتفي‬ 26-‫لقد‬+‫فعل‬‫ماضى‬‫بدون‬‫أى‬‫إشارة‬‫تدل‬‫على‬‫الماضى‬‫تترجم‬‫لمضارع‬:‫تام‬ ‫لقد‬‫اهتمت‬‫الدولة‬‫بالتعليم‬ *The state has taken great interest in education. ‫لقد‬‫ساعد‬‫العلم‬‫النسان‬‫على‬‫أن‬‫يحيا‬‫حياة‬‫مريحة‬ *Science has helped man to lead a comfortable life. ‫لقد‬‫أصبح‬‫من‬‫الواضح‬‫إن‬‫المدمان‬‫هو‬‫وباء‬‫العصر‬ *It has become clear that addiction is the plague of the age. ‫لقد‬‫شهدت‬‫مصر‬‫قفزة‬‫حضارية‬‫كبيرة‬‫فى‬‫جميع‬‫المجالت‬ *Egypt has witnessed a great cultural leap in all fields. 27-‫قد‬+‫فعل‬‫مضارع‬‫فإن‬‫ذلك‬‫يدل‬‫على‬‫الحتمال‬‫و‬‫نستخدم‬:may ‫قد‬‫يشهد‬‫هذا‬‫العام‬‫تطورات‬‫هائلة‬‫نحو‬‫السلم‬ *This year may witness immense development towards peace. 28-‫لن‬+‫فعل‬‫مضارع‬‫يقابله‬‫فى‬‫النجليزية‬‫مستقبل‬‫بسيط‬‫منفى‬future simple: *I won’t do that again. ‫لن‬‫أفعل‬‫ذلك‬‫مرة‬‫أخرى‬ 29-‫لم‬+‫فعل‬‫مضارع‬‫يقابله‬‫فى‬‫النجليزية‬‫ماضى‬‫بسيط‬:Past simple ‫لم‬‫يحضر‬‫أحمد‬‫حفل‬‫عيد‬‫ميلمدى‬*Ahmed did not attend my birthday party. 30-‫كان‬+‫فعل‬‫مضارع‬‫يقابله‬‫فى‬‫النجليزية‬‫ماضى‬‫مستمر‬: ‫كان‬‫والدى‬‫يقرأ‬‫الصحيفة‬‫عندما‬‫مدق‬‫جرس‬‫الباب‬ *Dad was reading the paper when the doorbell rang 31-‫كان‬+‫فعل‬‫مضارع‬‫يقابله‬‫فى‬‫النجليزية‬‫الماضى‬‫البسيط‬‫إذا‬‫دل‬‫على‬‫عادة‬‫فى‬ :‫الماضى‬ ‫كان‬‫القدماء‬‫المصريون‬‫يبنون‬‫أهرامهم‬‫من‬‫الحجارة‬ *The Ancient Egyptians built their pyramids of stones. ‫الفعل‬‫المضارع‬‫فى‬‫اللغة‬‫العربية‬‫قد‬‫يقابله‬‫فى‬‫النجليزية‬‫الفعل‬+ing: *I saw him playing ‫رأيته‬‫يلعب‬ 32-‫كان‬+‫قد‬+‫فعل‬‫ماضى‬‫يقابله‬‫فى‬‫النجليزية‬‫الماضي‬‫التام‬: ‫عندما‬‫وصلت‬‫إلى‬‫السينما‬‫كان‬‫الفيلم‬‫قد‬.‫بدأ‬ *When I arrived at the cinema the film had started. 33‫في‬ -‫حالة‬‫المضاف‬‫والمضاف‬‫إليه‬‫تستخدم‬of‫أو‬‫يأتى‬‫المضاف‬‫إليه‬‫ثم‬‫المضاف‬ *The school gate = the gate of the school ‫بوابة‬‫المدرسة‬ *Book fair ‫معرض‬‫الكتاب‬ *Birth rate = the rate of birth ‫معدل‬‫المواليد‬ *Pollution of environment = environment pollution 28
  • 5. *Standard of living = living stander ‫مستوى‬‫المعيشة‬ 34‫يراعى‬ -‫زمن‬‫الجملة‬‫وصيغتها‬‫)مبنى‬‫للمجهول‬‫أم‬‫مبنى‬(‫للمعلوم‬ Tourism is considered an important source ‫تعتبر‬‫السياحة‬‫ا‬ً ‫مصدر‬‫هاما‬ We consider tourism an important source ‫نحن‬‫نعتبر‬‫السياحة‬‫ا‬ً ‫مصدر‬‫ا‬ً ‫هام‬ 35-‫يجب‬‫ان‬‫نتخير‬‫اللفاظ‬‫النجليزية‬‫الصحيحة‬: ‫أمسكت‬‫بحقيبتي‬‫حين‬‫غادرت‬‫المنزل‬*I held my bag when I left home ‫أمسكت‬‫باللص‬‫قبل‬‫ان‬‫يهرب‬ * I caught the thief before he escaped. ‫عزيز‬ ‫ي‬‫الطالب‬‫عند‬‫الترجمة‬‫من‬‫عربي‬‫إلي‬‫انجليزي‬–‫ترجم‬‫أول‬‫من‬‫عربي‬‫إلي‬‫عربي‬‫لكي‬‫تفهم‬‫معني‬‫الجملة‬‫واذا‬‫وقفت‬ ‫امامك‬‫كلمة‬‫صعبة‬‫عليك‬‫أن‬‫تبحث‬‫في‬‫ذهنك‬‫عن‬‫كلمة‬‫قريبة‬‫منها‬‫وتؤدي‬‫نفس‬‫المعني‬‫تقريبا‬‫ل‬ً : ‫فمث‬: ‫أفضل‬‫المنتجات‬‫الوطنية‬‫لنها‬‫صناعة‬-:‫مصرية‬ ‫أفترض‬‫انك‬‫ل‬‫تعرف‬‫كلمة‬‫المنتجات‬)Products(‫يمكنك‬‫أن‬‫تبحث‬‫عن‬‫بديل‬‫قريب‬‫للمعني‬‫مثل‬‫البضائع‬ )goods(‫أو‬‫السلع‬)articles.... (‫وهكذا‬...‫وافترض‬‫انك‬‫ل‬‫تعرف‬‫ايضا‬‫كلمة‬‫الوطنية‬)national( ‫فيمكنك‬‫استخدام‬‫كلمة‬local‫وتعني‬‫المحلية‬‫والمعني‬‫واحد‬‫تقريبا‬)‫المنتجات‬‫الوطنية‬) (‫البضائع‬ (‫المهم‬ ‫المحلية‬‫أن‬‫تتصرف‬ ‫أيضا‬‫إذا‬‫طلب‬‫منك‬‫أن‬‫تترجم‬‫هذه‬‫الجملة‬-: "‫أنه‬‫من‬‫الصعب‬‫أن‬‫يعيش‬‫النسان‬‫بل‬"‫عمل‬ ‫افترض‬‫انك‬‫لتعرف‬‫عبارة‬"‫انة‬‫من‬‫الصعب‬"It is difficult"‫فيمكنك‬‫ان‬‫تقول‬"It is not easy"‫والمعني‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫لحظ‬‫انه‬‫في‬‫اللغة‬‫النجليزية‬‫نفضل‬‫ان‬‫يكون‬‫ظرف‬‫الزمان‬‫والمكان‬‫اما‬ ‫في‬‫بداية‬‫الجملة‬‫او‬‫نهايتها‬‫واليك‬‫المثال‬‫التالى‬: "‫يقام‬‫مهرجان‬‫للفنون‬‫الشعبية‬‫في‬‫السماعلية‬‫كل‬‫عام‬‫وتشترك‬‫فية‬‫فرق‬‫من‬‫معظم‬‫دول‬"‫العالم‬ Every year in Ismailia a folk festival is held and most of world countries take part in it . ‫ايضا‬‫اذا‬‫طلب‬‫منك‬‫ان‬‫تترجم‬‫هذة‬:‫الجملة‬ "‫غزو‬‫الصحراء‬‫وتحويلها‬‫الي‬‫اراضي‬‫صالحة‬‫للزراعة‬‫ضروريا‬‫لزيادة‬‫النتاج‬" ‫عبارة‬‫اراضي‬‫صالحة‬‫للزراعة‬=cultivable lands‫يمكنك‬‫ان‬‫تستخدم‬‫اخر‬‫مثل‬green lands......‫وهكذا‬ ‫ف‬‫التمج ة‬‫من‬‫اللغ ة‬‫الجنليزي ة‬‫ال‬‫العربي ة‬ : 1‫قد‬ -‫تعترضك‬‫كلمة‬‫في‬‫الفقرة‬‫النجليزية‬‫‘تستعصي‬‫عليك‬‫ترجمتها‬‫‘فلتتوقف‬‫عند‬‫الكلمة‬‫‘بل‬‫اقرا‬‫الفقرةككل‬‫‘حينئذ‬ ‫سوف‬‫تخمن‬‫معناها‬‫مما‬‫حولها‬‫من‬‫سياق‬‫الكلم‬. ‫خذ‬‫المثا ل‬‫التالي‬ :  We should insist on buying commodities "made in Egypt "even if we have to pay a little more. ‫في‬‫مثل‬‫هذة‬‫الجملة‬‫قد‬‫تستعصي‬‫علينا‬‫ترجمة‬‫كلمة‬)commodities(‫اذا‬‫توقفنا‬‫عندهااما‬‫اذا‬‫قرانا‬ ‫الجملة‬‫ككل‬‫فسوف‬‫تخمن‬‫معناها‬)‫حاجيات‬–- -‫الخ‬ ‫بضائع‬ ‫سلع‬‫فتكون‬‫ترجمة‬‫الجملة‬‫كما‬‫يلي‬: "‫يجب‬‫ان‬‫تتمسك‬‫بشراء‬‫السلع‬)‫المصنوعة‬‫في‬(‫حتي‬ ‫مصر‬‫ولودفعنا‬‫فيها‬‫ثمنا‬‫اكثر‬‫قليل‬" ‫خذ‬‫المثا ل‬‫التالي‬ :  "In the 10th of Ramadan city there are 135 plants now in operation and nearly 20.000 flats." ‫لو‬‫تسرعنا‬‫وترجمنا‬‫الكلمات‬‫منفصلة‬‫عن‬‫سياق‬‫الكلم‬‫فسوف‬‫تكون‬‫ترجمتنا‬‫في‬‫النهاية‬‫هكذا‬‫شئيا‬ ‫من‬‫العبث‬‫والهواء‬-: )‫في‬‫مدينة‬‫العاشر‬‫من‬‫رمضان‬‫يوجد‬135‫نبات‬"X"‫في‬‫العملية‬‫الجراحية‬"X"‫حوالي‬20000‫مسطح‬"X(" ‫أما‬‫اذا‬‫امعنا‬‫التفكير‬‫فيما‬‫تقرأ‬‫فسوف‬‫تقدم‬‫الترجمة‬‫الصحيحة‬‫التالية‬-: 29 ‫لغ ة‬ ‫التمج ة‬ ‫التصرف‬
  • 6. )‫في‬‫مدينة‬‫العاشر‬‫من‬‫رمضان‬‫يوجد‬135‫مصنع‬"‫وحدة‬"‫تعمل‬ ‫صناعية‬‫حاليا‬‫حوالي‬20000‫شقة‬ (‫سكنية‬ ‫قد‬‫يجد‬‫الطالب‬‫أو‬‫المترجم‬‫المبتدئ‬–‫في‬‫بعض‬‫الحيان‬‫صعوبة‬‫في‬‫ترجمة‬verb to be‫إلي‬.‫العربية‬ ‫وتأتي‬‫تلك‬‫الصعوبة‬‫غالبا‬‫في‬‫اصراره‬‫علي‬‫اظهاره‬‫في‬‫الجملة‬‫العربية‬،‫واستخدام‬‫فعل‬‫الكينونة‬‫للتعبير‬ ‫عنه‬‫او‬‫لخفائه‬‫في‬‫فهم‬‫معناه‬‫في‬‫السياق‬‫وللتغلب‬‫علي‬‫تلك‬‫المشكلة‬‫توجد‬‫لدينا‬‫عدة‬‫طرق‬‫مختلفة‬ ‫يمكن‬‫اتباع‬‫احدها‬‫للترجمة‬،‫وهي‬‫كما‬‫يلي‬: 1-‫ا‬‫سقاط‬‫الفعل‬‫من‬‫الجملة‬‫العربية‬،‫مثال‬:  The manger is absent today. ‫المدير‬‫غائب‬‫اليوم‬ 2-‫ترجمة‬‫الفعل‬‫بضمير‬‫شخصي‬‫في‬‫اللغة‬‫العربية‬‫مثال‬:  Egypt is the heart of the Arab Nation. ‫مصر‬‫هي‬‫قلب‬‫المة‬‫العربية‬ 3-‫ترجمة‬‫الــ‬verb to be‫بفعل‬‫اخر‬‫في‬‫العربية‬‫غير‬‫فعل‬‫الكيونة‬‫طبقا‬‫لما‬‫يميله‬‫السياق‬ ‫وهذه‬‫اكثر‬‫الطرق‬‫اتباعا‬‫وايسرها‬‫في‬‫نقل‬‫المعني‬‫كامل‬‫وبشكل‬‫واضح‬‫واليك‬‫المثلة‬ ‫التالية‬: 1- Democracy is a corner stone in our world today. ‫تشكل‬‫الديمقراطية‬‫حجر‬‫زاوية‬‫في‬‫عالمنا‬.‫اليوم‬ 2- The era of despotism is warning away. ‫أن‬‫عهد‬‫الستبدلد‬‫أخذ‬‫في‬‫الزوال‬. 3- The wedding was last week. ‫تم‬‫عقد‬‫القران‬‫السبوع‬‫الماضي‬ 4-Rolex is a gold watch. ‫ساعة‬‫رولكس‬‫مصنوعة‬‫من‬‫الذهب‬ 5-A knife is for cutting ‫تستخدم‬‫السكين‬‫للقطع‬ ‫يجب‬‫مراعاة‬‫ان‬‫العداد‬‫من‬1‫إلي‬9‫يتكتب‬‫ا‬ً ‫هجائي‬‫دائما‬،‫أما‬‫زاد‬‫عن‬‫ذلك‬‫فيكتب‬:‫ارقاما‬  Nine people were killed ‫لقي‬‫تسعة‬‫أشخاص‬‫مصرعهم‬  And 112 were injured ‫واصيب‬112‫شخصا‬‫أخرين‬ ‫مع‬‫ملحظة‬‫انه‬‫عندما‬‫تبدأ‬‫الحملة‬‫النجليزية‬‫بذكر‬‫العدد‬‫فانه‬‫يكتب‬‫هجائيا‬‫دائما‬‫ايا‬ ‫كانت‬‫قيمته‬  Seventy-six people were arrested.  Ten thousands were laid off. ‫جرت‬‫العادة‬‫الخاطئة‬‫أن‬‫تترجم‬‫كلمة‬only‫بكلمة‬‫فقط‬‫بغض‬‫النظر‬‫عن‬‫المعني‬‫الذي‬‫يمليه‬‫السياق‬‫ولنستعرض‬‫سويا‬ ‫بعض‬‫الساليب‬‫المقترحة‬only‫بالمعني‬‫الصحيح‬‫حسبما‬‫يقتضي‬‫السياق‬‫مع‬‫الحفاظ‬‫علي‬‫قوة‬‫الدللة‬‫التي‬‫تحملها‬only ‫في‬‫الجملة‬‫واليك‬ ...‫المثا ل‬‫التالي‬:  Only five members attended the meeting ‫والتراجم‬‫المقترحة‬‫لها‬: 1-‫لم‬‫يحضر‬‫الجتماع‬‫سوى‬‫خمسة‬‫اعضاء‬. 30 ‫ترمج ة‬eb ot breV ‫يتراجمة‬ylnO ‫الرقــــا"م‬
  • 7. 2-‫لم‬‫يحضر‬‫الجتماع‬‫ال‬‫خمسة‬‫اعضاء‬. 3-‫حضر‬‫الجتماع‬‫خمسة‬‫اعضاء‬‫فحسب‬. ‫من‬‫السمات‬‫التي‬‫تتميز‬‫بها‬‫اللغة‬‫النجليزية‬‫عدم‬‫تمتعها‬‫بالمرونة‬‫في‬‫ترتيب‬‫الكلمات‬،‫فالكلمة‬‫خارج‬ ‫موقعها‬‫الصحيح‬‫تؤدي‬‫إلي‬‫تغيير‬‫المعني‬‫أو‬‫علي‬‫القل‬‫إلي‬‫التباسه‬‫وغموضه‬،‫وهذه‬‫الخاصية‬‫تتجلي‬ ‫بوضوح‬‫شديد‬‫مع‬‫لفظة‬only‫واليك‬‫المثلة‬‫التالية‬: 1- Only Ali saw Mona this morning. 2- Ali only saw Mona this morning. 3- Ali saw only Mona this morning. 4- Ali saw Mona only this morning. ‫وبذلك‬‫تكون‬‫الترجمات‬‫المقترحة‬‫كما‬‫يلي‬: 1-‫لم‬‫يري‬‫مني‬‫هذا‬‫الصباح‬‫ال‬.‫علي‬2-‫لم‬‫يقم‬‫علي‬‫البرؤية‬‫مني‬‫هذا‬ .‫الصباح‬3-‫لم‬‫ير‬‫علي‬‫ال‬‫مني‬‫هذا‬‫الصباح‬4-‫لم‬‫ير‬‫علي‬‫مني‬‫ال‬ ‫هذا‬.‫الصباح‬ ‫ملحوظة‬:‫تستخدم‬‫لفظة‬)only(‫في‬‫النجليزية‬‫لتقصر‬‫ما‬‫بعدها‬‫اي‬‫تقوم‬‫بنفس‬‫عمل‬‫اداة‬‫القصر‬‫أو‬ ‫الستثناء‬‫في‬‫اللغة‬.‫العربية‬ Words ‫الكلمة‬‫الواحدة‬‫قد‬‫يكون‬‫لها‬‫اكثر‬‫من‬‫معني‬‫وعليه‬‫يجب‬‫اختيار‬‫المعني‬‫المناسب‬‫للكملة‬‫حسب‬‫موقعها‬‫لن‬‫الكلمة‬‫الواحدة‬ ‫معناها‬‫حسب‬‫السياق‬‫فمثل‬: ‫سماء‬‫صافية‬Pure sky‫رجل‬‫نقي‬‫السريرة‬Pure man ‫هواء‬‫عليل‬pure weather‫مياه‬‫صالح‬‫للشرب‬Pure water ‫صوف‬‫خالص‬Pure wool ‫الترتيب‬‫السليم‬‫للكلمات‬‫في‬‫الجملة‬-: ‫لبد‬‫من‬‫ترتيب‬‫الكلمات‬‫في‬‫وضع‬‫سليم‬‫في‬‫الجملة‬‫وال‬‫اختلف‬‫المعني‬‫تماما‬‫كما‬‫في‬‫هذا‬‫المثا ل‬: 1- Withdrawal from occupied Arab territories. 2- Withdrawal from territories Arab occupied. 1-‫النسحاب‬‫من‬‫الراضي‬‫العربية‬.‫المحتلة‬ 2-‫النسحاب‬‫من‬‫الراضي‬‫التي‬‫يحتلها‬.‫العرب‬ ‫احكم‬‫قبضته‬‫علي‬To tighten his grip ‫احكم‬‫تدبير‬‫المور‬To do something properly ‫الترجمة‬‫هي‬‫في‬‫الساس‬‫نقل‬‫المعني‬‫وليس‬‫مجرد‬‫نقل‬‫لفظ‬ ‫واليك‬‫مثا ل‬:  He is green with jealousy. ‫اذا‬‫ترجمت‬‫انه‬‫اخضر‬‫بالغيرة‬‫فتكون‬‫ترجمة‬‫قاصرة‬‫لنه‬‫ل‬‫يمكن‬‫وصف‬‫الغيرة‬‫باللون‬‫الخضر‬‫ولكن‬ ‫الترجمة‬‫الصحيحة‬‫هي‬: ‫تأكل‬‫الغيرة‬.‫أو‬ ‫قلبه‬‫تأكله‬‫نار‬.‫الغيرة‬ " : -‫عاد‬ ‫أيضا‬‫بخفى‬"‫ترجمتها‬ ‫حنين‬He returned empty-handed  Heavy clouds and rains. 31 Word order ‫الصفة‬vitcejdA
  • 8. ‫تتسم‬‫اللغة‬‫النجليزية‬–‫بعكس‬‫اللغة‬‫العربية‬–‫بالقتضاب‬‫وعدم‬‫الميل‬‫إلي‬‫التكرار‬)‫ال‬‫اذا‬‫كان‬(‫متعمدا‬ ‫وإل‬‫لجاءت‬‫العبارة‬‫السابقة‬‫كما‬‫يلي‬:  Heavy clouds and Heavy rains. ‫فالصفة‬‫هنا‬‫تصف‬‫كل‬‫من‬‫السمين‬‫الواقعين‬‫بعدها‬‫وعند‬‫التعامل‬‫مع‬‫مثل‬‫هذا‬‫البناء‬‫لنقله‬‫إلي‬‫العربية‬ ‫يجب‬‫علي‬‫المترجم‬‫أن‬‫يدرك‬‫أن‬‫عليه‬‫ترجمة‬‫الصفة‬‫مرتين‬)‫مرة‬‫واحدة‬‫مع‬‫كل‬‫اسم‬(‫حيث‬ ‫منهما‬‫تتسم‬ ‫العربية‬‫بالسهاب‬‫مع‬‫مراعاة‬‫اللجوء‬‫إلي‬‫الترادف‬‫اعتمادا‬‫علي‬‫قاعدة‬‫الترابط‬‫المشار‬‫اليها‬‫انفا‬: ‫فاذا‬‫جاءت‬‫الترجمة‬"‫سحب‬‫وامطار‬‫كثيفة‬/‫سحب‬‫وامطار‬"‫تصبح‬ ‫غزيرة‬‫ترجمة‬‫خاطئة‬‫ولكن‬‫الترجمة‬ ‫السليمة‬‫هي‬:‫سحب‬‫كثيفة‬‫وامطار‬‫غزيرة‬‫لن‬‫السحب‬‫توصف‬‫بالكثافة‬‫في‬‫حين‬‫توصف‬‫المطار‬ .‫بالغزارة‬ ‫واليك‬‫مثا ل‬‫أخر‬: ‫السلم‬‫الدولي‬‫والمن‬)‫ترجمة‬‫قاصرة‬(International peace and security. ‫والترجمة‬‫الصحيحة‬‫تكون‬:‫السلم‬‫والمن‬‫الدوليان‬ ‫مصاذا‬‫يفعل‬‫الرتمجم‬‫لو‬‫قصايبلته‬‫صفة‬‫متعددة‬‫الاقصاطع‬‫بذا‬‫الشكل‬ Adjective  This decision is unchangeable. ‫ويكون‬‫المترجم‬‫ملما‬‫بمعني‬‫جذر‬‫الكلمة‬)‫مع‬‫ملحظة‬‫أن‬‫الجذر‬‫في‬‫هذه‬(‫يكون‬ ‫الحالة‬‫فعل‬‫دائما‬ ‫وتكون‬‫اللحقة‬‫أما‬able‫أو‬unable‫أيا‬‫كانت‬‫الجملة‬‫السابقة‬‫ولكنه‬‫يجد‬‫بعض‬‫الصعوبة‬‫في‬‫صياغة‬‫معني‬ ‫تلك‬‫الصفة‬‫أسلوبيا‬: ‫ونقترح‬‫عليه‬‫اتباع‬‫الخطوات‬‫التالية‬: 1-‫نترجم‬‫البادئة‬:‫ل‬‫أو‬‫غير‬ 2‫نأتي‬ -‫بالسم‬‫من‬‫صيغة‬‫الفعل‬.‫تغيير‬ : 3‫نترجم‬ -‫اللحقة‬‫يمكن‬ :‫أو‬.‫قابل‬ 4‫نعيد‬ -‫ترتيب‬‫المقاطع‬‫الثلث‬‫ليمكن‬ :‫تغيير‬،‫غير‬‫قابل‬‫للتغيير‬ 5‫ويمكن‬ -‫استخدام‬‫مرادف‬‫بدل‬‫من‬‫مثل‬ "‫"ليمكن‬‫وعلي‬ "‫"ليعذر‬‫ذلك‬‫تكون‬‫الترجمة‬: -‫هذا‬‫القرار‬‫ل‬‫يمكن‬.‫تغييره‬ -‫هذا‬‫القرار‬‫يتعذر‬.‫تغييره‬ -‫هذا‬‫القرار‬‫غير‬‫قابل‬.‫للتغير‬ ‫أول‬:‫استعن‬.‫بالله‬ ‫ثانيا‬:‫حدد‬‫أركان‬‫الجملة‬–‫فاعل‬–‫فعل‬–‫مفعول‬ ‫ثالثا‬:‫حدد‬‫زمن‬‫الجملة‬. ‫رابعا‬:‫تخير‬‫أفضل‬‫وأقرب‬‫المعاني‬‫للكلمات‬‫المعطاه‬. ‫خامسا‬:‫طبق‬‫كل‬‫ما‬‫ذكرناه‬‫في‬‫هذا‬‫المؤجز‬‫وتذكر‬‫ان‬‫الترجمة‬‫هي‬‫فن‬‫نقل‬‫المعني‬ ‫وليس‬.‫اللفظ‬ 32 Prefix Un Stem Change Suffix elba ‫قبل‬ ‫تفعل‬ ‫ماذا‬ ‫أخيا‬ ‫تتمجم‬ ‫أن‬
  • 9. ‫كلمات‬‫هامة‬‫للترجمة‬ ‫متعلم‬Educated‫تقديرا‬‫ل‬In recognition of ‫نغير‬‫متعلم‬Uneducated‫الشباب‬Youth ‫ريفي‬Rural‫الدولة‬State ‫برنامج‬‫الصلح‬ ‫القتصامدي‬ Economic reform programme ‫الصندوق‬‫الجتماعي‬ ‫للتنمية‬ Social fund for development ‫مجتمعات‬Communities‫يهدف‬‫الي‬Aim at ‫متطلبات‬Requirements‫يوفر-يزومد‬Provide ‫يشارك-يساهم‬Contribute to‫فرص‬‫العمل‬Job opportunities ‫يستفيد‬‫من‬Benefit from‫يحل‬Solve ‫طوال‬Throughout‫حل‬Solution ‫التصال‬Communication‫البطالة‬Unemployment ‫فرصة‬Chance‫اثار‬‫جانبية‬Side effects ‫افرامد‬Individuals‫مدنى‬urban ‫يحصل‬‫علي‬Obtain‫ارض‬Route ‫معلومات‬‫اجمالية‬Mass information‫محموم‬feverish ‫متاح‬Available‫شاهد‬Witness ‫سباق‬Race‫البدو‬Bedouins ‫بين‬Among‫يعسكر‬–‫معسكر‬Camp ‫المة‬Nation‫الصليبيين‬Crusaders ‫متقدم‬Advanced‫قلع‬Forts ‫تكنولوجيا‬Technology‫نقطة‬‫التقاء-ملتقي‬Meeting point ‫البيئة‬Environment‫الدين‬Religion ‫بيئي‬Environmental‫ملتقي‬‫الطرق‬Crossroads ‫ينشأ‬‫من‬Originate from‫التعليم‬‫للجميع‬Education for all ‫لم‬‫يعد‬No longer‫العلقة‬Relation ‫يبذل‬Exert‫النسان‬Man ‫مدقيق‬Subtle‫الطبيعة‬Nature ‫جهومد‬Efforts‫البيئة‬‫الطبيعية‬Natural surroundings ‫يقنع‬Persuade‫التلوث‬Pollution ‫منتج‬Product‫علي‬‫سبيل‬‫المثال‬For instance ‫يصنف‬Classify‫تنجم‬‫عن‬Arises from ‫الضعف‬Weakness‫نغير‬‫الحكيم-الجائر‬Unwise ‫ضروري‬Essential‫مصدر‬Source ‫السياحة‬Tourism‫مورمد‬Resource 33
  • 10. ‫مدعامة‬Pillar‫يصل‬‫الي‬Reach=get to ‫نشاط‬Activity‫متوازن‬Balanced ‫عائد‬Revenue‫مكونات‬Components ‫يمثل‬–‫ينوب‬‫عن‬Represent‫ومن‬‫ثم‬Hence ‫تقريبا-علي‬‫وشك‬About‫يعمق‬Deepen ‫اجمالي‬Total‫الوعي‬Awareness ‫مدخل‬‫التبامدل‬‫الخارجي‬Foreign exchange income‫نقل‬Transfer ‫بارز‬Outstanding‫أسلوب‬Mode ‫اصول‬Assets‫السلوك‬Behaviour ‫يكتسب‬Gain‫يحفظ‬Preserve ‫فريد‬Unique‫الحفظ‬Preservation ‫منافس‬Competitive‫عن‬‫طيب‬‫خاطر‬Willingness ‫مكان‬Edge‫يتجنب‬Avoid ‫خريطة‬Map‫تأثير‬Influence ‫يدير‬Run‫العلنات‬Advertisements ‫خبرة‬Expertise‫فخر‬–‫يتفاخر‬Pride ‫جاهزة‬Pre-packed‫ذوق‬Taste ‫بمعني‬‫اخر‬In other words‫الجهامد‬Stress ‫نغرض-هدف‬Purpose‫العدو‬Enemy ‫الحزن‬Sorrow‫يحذر‬Warn ‫قلق-توتر‬Unrest‫الضغط‬Pressure ‫عدم‬‫الرضا‬Dissatisfaction‫يلحظ‬Notice ‫مستوي‬‫المعيشة‬Standard of living‫إشارات‬Signals ‫الطعام‬Nourishment‫ل‬‫حاجة‬‫ان‬Needless to say ‫العبومدية‬Bondage‫معرض‬‫ل‬Liable to ‫كفاح-نضال‬Struggle‫يخطيئ‬Err ‫يؤمن‬Secure‫يضلل‬Mislead ‫المن‬Security‫نقص‬‫الخبرة‬Inexperience ‫مأوي‬Shelter‫الكليات‬Faculties ‫حوض‬‫النيل‬Nile basin‫يميز‬Distinguish ‫يروض‬Tame‫الخير‬Good ‫يحقق‬Achieve‫الشر‬Evil ‫اقصي‬Utmost‫ميل‬Tendency ‫لجل-لصالح‬For the sake of‫يقتلع‬Uproot=root out ‫مستقبلي‬Futuristic‫السعي-يسعي‬Seek 34
  • 11. ‫يستفيد‬‫من‬Make use of‫السلم‬Peace ‫لئق‬‫جسمانيا‬Fit‫الحرب‬War ‫بدائي‬Primitive‫يتطلب‬Require ‫منتجع‬Resort‫الصبر‬Patience ‫ملوثات‬Pollutants‫تسويات‬Compromises ‫انتباه‬Attention‫وجها‬‫لوجه‬Face to face ‫العل ج‬‫بالعشاب‬Herbal medicine‫المتحارب‬Warring ‫مامدة‬Substance‫الطرف‬Party ‫رذاذ‬Droplets‫الصراع‬Conflict ‫الثروة‬Wealth‫يعدي‬Infect ‫واجب‬Duty‫خلية‬Cell ‫نغزو‬Invading‫الرئتين‬Lungs ‫مدعوة‬Call‫يمتد‬‫من‬Range from ‫الستقرار‬Stability‫رائع‬Splendid ‫قضية‬Issue‫كنز‬Treasure ‫يحصن‬Fortify‫الم‬Pain ‫السحر‬Magic‫يعاني‬‫من‬Suffer from ‫التعامل‬‫مع‬dealing with‫مرحلة‬Stage ‫اقليمي‬Territorial‫تحرير‬Emancipation ‫مدولي‬International‫قانون‬‫الجاذبية‬Law of gravitation ‫تماسك‬Solidarity‫سر‬Mystery ‫الكنانة‬Quiver‫كواكب‬Planets ‫الحسد‬Envy‫يعكس‬Reflect ‫الوحدة‬‫الوطنية‬National unity‫الخالق‬Creator ‫مكثفة‬Condensed‫مخلوق‬Creature ‫حملت‬‫اعلنية‬Information campaigns‫التقدم‬Advance= progress ‫ضد‬Against‫قنديل‬‫البحر‬Jellyfish ‫يتميز‬‫ب‬Marked by‫يشجع‬Encourage ‫يتعدي‬Exceed‫انفجار‬Explosion ‫حدومد‬Borders‫خطير-جامد‬Serious ‫مامدة‬‫للثارة‬Exciting matter‫يواجه‬Face ‫متتالي‬Back to back‫الرفاهية‬Welfare ‫مثير‬‫للجدل‬Argumentative‫الرخاء‬Prosperity ‫حدث‬Event‫سلسلة‬Series ‫يقض‬‫المضاجع‬Make us sleepless‫الثقافة‬Culture 35
  • 12. ‫نادر‬Scarce‫ثقافي‬Cultural ‫الممم‬‫المتحدة‬United Nations‫فطريات‬Fungi ‫مموهوب‬Talented‫وهب‬Donate ‫مموهبة‬Talent‫لو‬‫احسن‬‫استغللها‬If exploited well ‫يشكل‬–‫يكون‬Form‫برج‬Tower ‫عواممل‬Factors‫مركز‬‫التجارة‬‫العالمي‬World trade center ‫جاذبية‬Attraction‫توازن‬Balance ‫فريد‬Unique‫فارة‬Continent ‫يعتمد‬‫علي‬Depend on‫يتبني‬Adopt ‫الجمال‬Beauty‫ممؤتمر‬Conference ‫الوسائط‬‫المتعددة‬Multi-media‫الرهاب‬Terrorism ‫الصناعة‬Industry‫ممظلة‬Umbrella ‫نشاط‬Activity‫واعد‬Promising ‫مموقع‬Location‫يفرض‬Impose ‫دور‬Role‫العولمة‬Globalization ‫البحث‬‫العلمي‬scientific research‫ثورة‬Revolution ‫يبرهن-يثبت‬Prove‫العلم‬Science ‫الاصابة‬‫بالسرطان‬catching cancer‫بارز‬Outstanding ‫تهديد‬Threat‫عبر‬‫السنين‬Through ages ‫يهدد‬Threaten‫يوضح‬Indicate ‫ممعدل‬Rate‫الحضارة‬Civilization ‫ل‬‫يصدق-فظيع‬Incredible‫الشباب‬Youth ‫بلد‬‫ممحب‬‫للسلم‬A peace loving country‫سل ح‬‫ذو‬‫حدين‬Double edged weapon ‫ممعرض‬‫القاهرة‬‫الدولي‬‫للكتاب‬ Cairo International Book Fair ‫السوق‬‫العربية‬‫المشتركة‬ Common Arab Market ‫بفضل‬Tanks to‫سلم‬Ladder ‫يساير‬Cope with=catch up with‫اداة‬Tool ‫البشرية‬humanity‫تدممير‬Destruction ‫ممدرك‬‫ل‬Aware of‫يهدف‬‫الي‬Aim at ‫ممنطقة‬‫التجارة‬‫الحرة‬Free trade area‫ممسار-دورة‬Course ‫عنااصر‬Elements‫يستنزف-ينهك‬Exhaust ‫اليدي‬‫العامملة‬Labour‫تضليل‬misleading ‫السياحة‬‫العلجية‬Remedial tourism‫الترويج‬promotion ‫ممشكلة‬‫السكان‬Housing problem‫الدجل‬charlatanism ‫انجاز‬Achievement‫الخرافة‬fable ‫السلم‬peace‫يشيد‬Erect 36
  • 13. ‫يضحي‬Sacrifice‫الصعيد‬‫العالمي‬All over the world ‫شاممل‬Comprehensive‫ممكافحة‬combating ‫يتردد‬Hesitate‫تبدد‬‫المياه‬Waste of water ‫رائد-هام‬Leading‫السياحة‬‫البيئية‬Eco-tourism ‫ممحاط‬‫ب‬Surrounded by‫العلج‬‫الطبيعي‬Natural remedies ‫بمعزل‬‫عن‬Be away from‫طرق-وسائل‬Methods ‫اتخذت‬‫خطوات‬‫كبيرة‬Has taken great steps‫تكلفة‬‫رخيصة‬Low cost ‫غير‬‫حكوممي‬Nongovernmental‫يستغل‬Make use of ‫ممنظمة‬Organization‫ممادي‬Materialistic ‫اعتداء‬Aggression‫ممعالجة‬Addressing ‫النفجار‬‫السكاني‬Population explosion‫الجمعيات‬‫الهلية‬Civil societies ‫كبيرة‬ (‫فائدة)ربح‬Great profit‫الاصل ح‬‫القتصادي‬Economic reform ‫حقوق‬‫النسان‬Human rights‫المؤسسات‬‫الخيرية‬Charities ‫يوسع‬Widen‫الحرب‬‫الباردة‬Cold war ‫افق‬Horizon‫التوتر-الضطراب‬Unrest ‫ضحية‬Victim‫الدجل‬Delusion ‫ممنظوممة‬‫ممتكامملة‬Integrated system‫الخرافة‬Superstition ‫اختراع‬Invention‫التاريخ‬‫الطبيعي‬Biology ‫التكاممل‬Integration‫ممحاولت‬Trials ‫تنظيم‬‫النسل‬Birth control‫الكتفاء‬‫الذاتي‬Self sufficiency ‫الغلبية‬Majority‫الطفولة‬Infancy ‫القلية‬Minority‫ساعات‬‫الذروة‬Rush hours ‫البناء‬Construction‫التساممح‬Tolerance ‫ممساهمة‬Contribution‫العقاقير‬Drugs ‫النصر‬Victory‫الفساد‬Corruption ‫الرهاب‬Terrorism‫النحراف‬Deviation ‫مموجز-ممقتضب‬Laconic‫عالمي‬Universal ‫اليجاز‬Laconism‫الديمقراطية‬Democracy ‫ممفاوضات‬Negotiations‫الزراعة‬Agriculture ‫الهمال‬Carelessness‫المعلفة‬Knowledge ‫التعاون‬Co-operation‫بزدهر‬Flourish ‫حقوق‬‫النسان‬Human-rights‫مممارسة‬Practicing ‫ممعاهدة‬Treaty‫ارادة‬‫قوية‬Strong will ‫الستثمار‬Investment‫حركة‬‫ارهابية‬Terrorist movement ‫الستهلك‬Consumption‫رحمة‬Mercy 37
  • 14. ‫فضائل‬Virtues‫يصدر‬Export ‫النهضة‬Renaissance‫يستورد‬Import ‫حدث‬Event‫شعار‬symbol ‫استصل ح‬reclamation‫الفقر‬Poverty ‫تسهيلت‬Facilities‫ممشرق‬Bright ‫الشعب‬‫المرجانية‬Coral reefs‫يشفي-يتعافي‬Recover ‫المجاعة‬Famine=starvation‫العتماد‬‫علي‬‫الذات‬Self-reliance ‫ممواطن‬‫اصالح‬Good citizen‫عقوبات‬Sanctions ‫الفضيلة‬‫-الخلق‬Morality‫يضاعف‬Double ‫ممعينات‬‫تعليمية‬Educational aids‫عاجل‬‫ام‬‫اجل‬Sooner or later ‫البنية‬‫التحتية‬Infrastructure‫عملية‬‫السلم‬Peace process ‫رئيسي-اساسي‬Principal‫الدعاية‬Propaganda Exercises on TranslationsExercises on Translations 1)Translate into Arabic: Learning foreign languages needs never stop. One shouldn’t learn a foreign language merely to achieve an immediate professional or academic aim and then give it up. He should carry on learning as it is a valuable experience that enriches his life. Translate into English: ‫علي‬‫كل‬‫فرد‬‫في‬‫مجتمعنا‬‫أن‬‫يشارك‬‫في‬‫تحمل‬‫المسئولية‬‫للتغلب‬‫علي‬‫مشاكلنا‬‫التجتماعية‬‫و‬‫التقتصادية‬‫و‬‫البيئية‬. 2)Translate into Arabic: Celebrating the new millennium at the foot of the Pyramids of Giza was marvelous. That was the best place from which we could pass to the new century. The celebration aimed at combining the ancient and the modern and reviewing the history of human civilization. Translate into English: ‫تبذل‬‫الحكومة‬‫أتقصي‬‫تجهدها‬‫ليجاد‬‫فرص‬‫عمل‬‫للشباب‬‫و‬‫بناء‬‫مساكن‬‫لهم‬. 3)Translate into Arabic: To be interested in something is a golden rule in life. If a person is always chained to his office, he will grow physically and mentally weak. If such a person has a hobby, his daily work will no longer be tiring. Translate into English: ‫يجب‬‫أن‬‫نستخدم‬‫أفضل‬‫الطرق‬‫لتربية‬‫أطفالنا‬.‫الصغار‬ 4)Translate into Arabic: The government is trying to solve the transport problem by constructing new roads and flyovers. The number of vehicles is increasing every day. Roads are becoming too crowded for drivers to use. Translate into English: ‫تهتم‬‫الدولة‬‫بالعلماء‬‫اهتمـاما‬‫كبيرا‬‫و‬‫تمنحهم‬‫الكثير‬‫من‬‫الجوائز‬‫في‬‫المناسبات‬.‫القومية‬ 5)Translate into Arabic: President Mubarak always states that industry, agriculture and tourism are the main sources of our national income. Great projects are carried out to develop these sources. In the field of industry, Egyptian products are a source of pride not only for Egyptian but for all Arabs. 38
  • 15. Translate into English: ‫إن‬‫العمل‬‫الجماعي‬‫يقوي‬‫الروابط‬‫بين‬‫الناس‬‫و‬‫يرسخ‬‫القيم‬‫النسانية‬.‫بينهم‬ 6)Translate into Arabic: It is said that television has destroyed the art of conversation and made people unhappy by forcing them to want things they don’t need. On the other hand, it helps people to update their knowledge of the world affairs., as they can see current events in different parts of the world the moment they occur. Translate into English: ‫لقد‬‫أحرزت‬‫مصر‬‫تقدما‬‫كبيرا‬‫في‬‫مختلف‬‫مجالت‬‫الصناعة‬‫و‬‫التعليم‬‫و‬‫التكنولوتجيا‬‫الحديثة‬. 7)Translate into Arabic: Cutting off trees in cities is an ill deed. Trees give us shade in summer and the green colour makes us feel at ease. Trees also purify the air and they give off oxygen by day. That’s why we should do our best to spread the green colour all over our country. Translate into English: ‫يجب‬‫علينا‬‫أن‬‫نشجع‬‫السياحة‬‫الداخلية‬‫لنعوض‬‫ما‬‫حدث‬‫في‬‫السياحة‬‫القادمة‬‫من‬‫الخارج‬. 8)Translate into Arabic: The establishment of public libraries and school libraries contributed to improving the learning process as a whole and helped many citizens to read freely. Public libraries play an important role in spreading culture and awareness among people of all ages. Translate into English: ‫للختراعات‬‫الحديثة‬‫الكثير‬‫من‬‫المزايا‬،‫كم‬‫أن‬‫لها‬‫بعض‬‫العيوب‬. 9)Translate into Arabic: Communications satellites can transmit radio and TV programmes at great distances. Egypt’s satellite, Nile Sat 101, serves the whole of the Arab world. Egypt is planning to launch more satellites in the future. Translate into English: ‫إن‬‫المرأة‬‫المصري‬‫عنصر‬‫فعال‬‫و‬‫شريك‬‫أساسي‬‫غي‬‫التنمية‬‫الشامـلة‬. 10)Translate into Arabic: Some of the most important aims of education are to build up an Egyptian citizen who is able to face the future and to create a productive society. Education also aims at preparing a generation of scientists for the service of humanity. Translate into English: ‫تصبـو‬‫كل‬‫الدول‬‫المحبة‬‫للسلم‬‫إلى‬‫عالم‬‫يسوده‬‫السلم‬‫و‬‫التعاون‬. 11)Translate into Arabic: Practising activities at school is of great importance. Teachers should encourage their students to participate effectively in school activities. Such activities help students to learn some values like co-operation, respect for others, self-confidence and perseverance. Translate into English: ‫إن‬‫موتقع‬‫مصر‬‫الجغرافي‬‫المتميز‬‫و‬‫آثارها‬‫الرائعة‬‫تجعلها‬‫واحدة‬‫من‬‫أهم‬‫الدول‬‫السياحية‬‫في‬‫العالم‬. 12)Translate into Arabic: Over-population in Egypt has led to many other problems like illiteracy, heavy traffic and unemployment. The government should exert more efforts to bring down the population growth rates. It should also pay more attention to the development of human resources. Translate into English: 39
  • 16. ‫تجذب‬‫الثار‬‫و‬‫المتاحف‬‫المصرية‬‫مـليين‬‫السياح‬‫من‬‫كل‬‫أنحاء‬‫العالم‬. 13)Translate into Arabic: Cigarette smoking is linked directly with lung cancer. Today, in many countries, as many as one third of all cancer deaths are attributed to cigarette smoking. It is also known that smoking increases the risks of other diseases of the heart and lungs. Translate into English: ‫لقد‬‫أحدثت‬‫أتجهزة‬‫الكمبيوتر‬‫و‬‫شبكات‬‫التقمار‬‫الصناعية‬‫ثورة‬‫في‬‫المعلومات‬‫و‬‫التصـالت‬. 14)Translate into Arabic: Healthy food should include vitamins and proteins. It has to be fresh and low in fat and salt. It shouldn’t contain harmful chemical additives. If we don’t eat the right food, we will get ill and lose our ability to do our work well. Translate into English: ‫يجب‬‫أن‬‫نحافظ‬‫علي‬‫البيئة‬‫بقدر‬‫المستطاع‬‫حتى‬‫يستطيع‬‫أولدنا‬‫و‬‫أحفادنا‬‫أن‬‫يتمتعوا‬‫بالعالم‬‫الذي‬‫نعيش‬‫فيه‬. 15)Translate into Arabic: Only the individual himself can develop his given potentials. But, like any other living being, he needs an atmosphere of warmth to give him a feeling of inner security to express himself. Translate into English: ‫يجب‬‫أن‬‫نستخدم‬‫التكنولوتجيا‬‫الحديثة‬‫في‬‫تجميع‬‫مجالت‬‫الحياة‬‫و‬‫خاصة‬‫مجال‬‫النتاج‬. 16)Translate into Arabic: Energy is necessary for development. It is essential for all productive activities required to achieve higher standards of living. Man’s great progress in industry and agriculture is due to energy. Translate into English: ‫علينا‬‫أن‬‫نشجع‬‫استخدام‬‫المواد‬‫المعاد‬‫تصنيعهـا‬‫مثل‬‫الورق‬‫و‬‫الزتجاج‬‫و‬‫المعادن‬. 17)Translate into Arabic: The Egyptian woman has acquired all her rights. She is also represented in all international organizations concerned with women’s affairs. Moreover, services are rendered to provide family guidance and child’s welfare. Translate into English: ‫لقد‬‫كتب‬‫نجيب‬‫محفوظ‬‫الكثير‬‫من‬‫الروايات‬‫التي‬‫ترتجمت‬‫إلى‬‫لغات‬‫عديدة‬. 18)Translate into Arabic: Egypt does its best to attract Arab and foreign capital for investment in the field of industry. We encourage the establishment of new industries as well as expanding the existing ones. Due attention has been given to introduce software and communication industries. Translate into English: ‫سوف‬‫يشهد‬‫المستقبل‬‫القريب‬‫تطورا‬‫كبيرا‬‫في‬‫سياحة‬‫الفضاء‬‫التي‬‫ستجذب‬‫الكثير‬‫من‬‫الناس‬. 19)Translate into Arabic: Great achievements have been made in Egypt to move population from narrow inhabited areas to new wider expanses. New cities near Cairo have been constructed and large areas of the desert have been reclaimed. Translate into English: ‫إن‬‫تصدير‬‫المنتجات‬‫المصرية‬‫إلى‬‫الخارج‬‫يؤدي‬‫إلى‬‫زيادة‬‫دخلنا‬‫من‬‫العملت‬‫التجنبية‬. 20)Translate into Arabic: Every year Egypt celebrates the International Child’s Day in November. Prizes are given to children who successfully take part in the “Reading for All” competition. Creative children in the different branches of knowledge are honoured. Translate into English: 40
  • 17. ‫يهدد‬‫التلوث‬‫حياة‬‫النسان‬‫و‬‫الحيوانات‬‫و‬‫النباتات‬‫في‬‫كل‬‫مكان‬. 21)Translate into Arabic: Egypt has always been known as the “Birthplace of Civilization” because of its long and rich history. We are now keen on restoring our glories to keep pace with progress in developed countries. Translate into English: ‫تشجع‬‫الحكومة‬‫رتجال‬‫العمال‬‫المصريين‬‫علي‬‫استصلح‬‫الراضي‬‫خاصة‬‫في‬‫سيناء‬‫و‬‫المناطق‬‫الصحراوية‬. 22)Translate into Arabic: Health is a splendid treasure that completes our happiness. It’s worth saying that we can’t really enjoy our life if we are unhealthy, however wealthy we may be. Healthy people are always proud of what they can achieve in the fields of sports and hard work. For unhealthy people, life is no more than pain and suffering. Translate into English: ‫يجب‬‫أن‬‫يتعاون‬‫الفراد‬‫مع‬‫وزارة‬‫البيئة‬‫للتخلص‬‫من‬‫الكميات‬‫الهائلة‬‫من‬‫القمامة‬‫و‬‫المخلفات‬‫التي‬‫تؤدي‬‫إلى‬‫تدمير‬‫البيئة‬. 23)Translate into Arabic: The world’s ever increasing population means more houses, more roads, more factories, and this means less land for animals and plants. Over-population also means more waste and pollution, and this makes life increasingly difficult for many creatures. Translate into English: ‫لقد‬‫شهد‬‫معرض‬‫القاهرة‬‫الدولي‬‫للكتـاب‬‫تطورا‬‫هائل‬‫في‬‫السنوات‬‫القليلة‬‫الماضية‬. 24)Translate into Arabic: Distance learning makes use of educational experts in the various branches of knowledge all over the world. We can make use of distance learning in all fields including the different branches of science. Translate into English: ‫يعتقد‬‫كثير‬‫من‬‫الناس‬‫أن‬‫الكتـاب‬‫اللكتروني‬‫سيحل‬‫محل‬‫الكتاب‬‫العادي‬‫في‬‫المستقبل‬‫القريب‬. 25)Translate into Arabic: We should try to discover our talents before we select our career. We should do the work that appeals to us. Some people prefer to do any work in governmental offices although they can become successful businessmen. Translate into English: ‫يجب‬‫علينا‬‫أن‬‫نتعاون‬‫للقضاء‬‫علي‬‫الرهاب‬‫الذي‬‫يحاول‬‫تدمير‬‫بلدنـا‬. 26)Translate into Arabic: Vast areas of the desert have recently been reclaimed. The government is trying to plant these areas. So it sends university graduates to these new communities to achieve food security for Egypt in the coming years. Translate into English: ‫يجب‬‫أن‬‫نقدر‬‫العمال‬‫الذين‬‫يعملون‬‫في‬‫ظروف‬‫الطقس‬‫السيئة‬‫في‬‫الصحراء‬‫لتقـامـة‬‫مشاريعنا‬‫العظيمة‬‫هناك‬. 27)Translate into Arabic: The promotion of international co-operation and peace through education is one of UNESCO’s basic aims. It is the only means for the accomplishment of prosperity, real and lasting peace among the peoples of the world. Translate into English: ‫تبذل‬‫الدولة‬‫ما‬‫بوسعها‬‫لتطوير‬‫التعليم‬‫و‬‫إنشاء‬‫المزيد‬‫من‬‫المدارس‬‫و‬‫الجامعات‬. 28)Translate into Arabic: The government sets up industrial projects to increase our local production. It encourages the private sector to invest capital. It also demolishes the barriers that hinder economic progress. Translate into English: ‫إن‬‫مشروع‬‫توشكي‬‫في‬‫تجنوب‬‫الوادي‬‫هو‬‫أمل‬‫مصر‬‫في‬‫التغلب‬‫علي‬‫مشكلتها‬‫التقتصادية‬. 41
  • 18. 29)Translate into Arabic: Undoubtedly, tourism is a chief source of national income and hard currency. The government exerts great efforts to develop the tourist industry. The aim is to attract a greater number of tourists to visit Egypt, the land of civilization. Translate into English: ‫إن‬‫السياحة‬‫هي‬‫ثاني‬‫أهم‬‫مصدر‬‫للعملة‬‫التجنبية‬‫لمصر‬‫بعد‬‫المنتجات‬‫البتروليـة‬. 30)Translate into Arabic: Arab countries must co-operate economically to achieve prosperity for the Arab world. They should solve their problems in the Arab League. Besides, they have to encourage the Arab scientists to make progress in the field of science. Translate into English: ‫ل‬‫بد‬‫أن‬‫نفعل‬‫شيئـا‬‫لحل‬‫مشكلت‬‫المرور‬‫و‬‫التلوث‬‫في‬‫المدن‬. 31)Translate into Arabic: The last decade of the twentieth century witnessed great efforts for the sake of children’s welfare. Many laws were passed to protect children against early employment. We have to sacrifice our comfort and happiness for the future generations. Translate into English: ‫يستخدم‬‫الناس‬‫النترنت‬‫في‬‫الوتقت‬‫الحالي‬‫لغراض‬‫الحصول‬‫علي‬‫المعلومات‬‫و‬‫التصالت‬‫و‬‫العلن‬‫و‬‫التسوق‬‫و‬‫البحث‬‫عن‬‫الوظائف‬. 32)Translate into Arabic: It is time the Arab Common Market was set up. The Arabs have common ties and interests that should help to put the Common Market into effect. The age which we live in has no room for small and weak countries. Translate into English: ‫يجب‬‫أن‬‫يتوتقف‬‫الناس‬‫عن‬‫التدخين‬‫لنه‬‫يبدد‬‫المال‬‫و‬‫يدمر‬‫الصحة‬‫و‬‫يسبب‬‫الوفـاة‬ 33)Translate into Arabic: Egypt has achieved great progress in the field of communications. Modern mobile telephone networks have covered all cities and villages and even remote areas. Computers and the internet have enabled us to get in touch with other people all over the world. Translate into English: ‫لم‬‫تعد‬‫الوظيفة‬‫الحكومية‬‫هدفا‬‫يسعي‬‫إليه‬‫الشباب‬‫الطموح‬‫المتطلع‬‫إلى‬‫غد‬‫أفضل‬. 34)Translate into Arabic: Our deserts are part of our chief sources of wealth. If we give them due care, we can increase our national income by increasing the cultivated land and constructing new industrial projects. New cities could be set up in these areas and lead to our economic development. Translate into English: ‫من‬‫الطبيعي‬‫أن‬‫تكون‬‫لمصر‬‫علتقات‬‫تقوية‬‫مع‬‫كل‬‫الدول‬‫لنها‬‫دولة‬‫رائدة‬‫غي‬‫كل‬‫المجالت‬. 35)Translate into Arabic: In Egypt, the population is doubling every twenty four years. Research shows that the size of the family is connected with the standard of women’s education. If more girls are educated, the size of the family will certainly be smaller. Translate into English: ‫مهارات‬‫الكمبيوتر‬‫ضرورية‬‫للغاية‬‫لمواتجهة‬‫المنافسة‬‫الشديدة‬‫في‬‫سوق‬‫العمل‬. 36) Translate into Arabic: Some scientists have found that people are more likely to catch a cold when they are unhappy or under stress. This is because the immune system is less effective when we are worried. Doctors have also found out that people with mild colds get better if the doctor is kind. Translate into English: ‫يقاس‬‫تقدم‬‫المم‬‫بمدي‬‫اهتمامها‬‫بقضايا‬‫البيئة‬‫علي‬‫اختلف‬‫أنواعها‬. 42
  • 19. 37) Translate into Arabic: Many people like to collect things like stamps, for example. Some stamp collections are very valuable. Usually the fewer the number of people who have a stamp in their collections, the more valuable that stamp is. Translate into English: ‫إن‬‫حفلت‬‫الزفاف‬‫مناسبات‬‫هامة‬‫في‬‫كل‬‫بلد‬،‫و‬‫هناك‬‫تقاليد‬‫للزفاف‬‫تختلف‬‫باختلف‬.‫البلد‬ 38) Translate into Arabic: Egypt has a strong cultural history. Some of the greatest Arab writers, musicians and craftsmen are Egyptians. In the last century, Taha Hussein, Tawfik Al Hakim and Naguib Mahfouz were probably the best known writers in Arabic. Translate into English: ‫إن‬‫الخيال‬‫العلمي‬‫عادة‬‫ما‬‫يكون‬‫محاولة‬‫تجادة‬‫للكتابة‬‫عن‬‫شكل‬‫الحياة‬‫في‬‫المستقبل‬‫أو‬‫في‬‫عالم‬.‫آخر‬ 39) Translate into Arabic: Exercise is a good way to get rid of the stress and frustration of the workplace. Consequently, people who exercise regularly feel better and do not get sick so often. This would benefit the company as a whole. Translate into English: ‫أحب‬‫الذهاب‬‫إلى‬‫الوبرا‬‫للستمتاع‬‫بالموسيقي‬‫الراتقية‬. 40) Translate into Arabic: The 20th century will be remembered for its scientific revolution. Our age is the age of the atom, space and revolutionary medical achievements. Therefore, conferences are organized to apply and make use of these achievements. Translate into English: ‫إن‬‫الجهود‬‫التي‬‫تبذل‬‫من‬‫أتجل‬‫تحسين‬‫الصحة‬‫ل‬‫يمكن‬‫أن‬‫تتم‬‫بنجاح‬‫إل‬‫بتعاون‬‫الفراد‬‫مع‬.‫الحكومة‬ 41) Translate into Arabic: There are different kinds of gardens. Gardens can be made with every plant carefully placed as apart of a man-made design. Gardens can also be made to look as if every flower has sprung from seeds sown by nature. Public parks are for everyone to enjoy and relax. Translate into English: ‫إن‬‫هوايتي‬‫المفضلة‬‫هي‬‫تقراءة‬‫القصص‬‫الخيالية‬‫و‬‫الستماع‬‫إلى‬.‫الموسيقي‬ 42) Translate into Arabic: Sports are useful to character development. In their books, children learn about such values as unselfishness, courage and love of one’s country. However, what is learned by experience in sports has a deeper effect on a child’s character. Translate into English: ‫يقدم‬‫العلماء‬‫الجديد‬‫كل‬‫يوم‬‫لخدمة‬‫البشرية‬. 43) Translate into Arabic: The Nile TV Channel is the first international Egyptian channel transmitting 24 hours a day.Its programmes are in English and French. It covers all Arab and European countries, and the United States as well. Translate into English: ‫سيتغير‬‫العام‬‫القادم‬‫شكل‬‫و‬‫محتوي‬‫الكتاب‬.‫المدرسي‬ 44) Translate into Arabic: Peace gives us a golden chance to carry out useful projects. It saves the money spent on wars and destructive weapons. In peace, this money can be used for building new factories, improving health care and solving the problems of housing and transport. Translate into English: ‫إن‬‫الهتمام‬‫بتطوير‬‫التعليم‬‫من‬‫أهم‬‫الهداف‬‫التي‬‫تسعي‬‫مصر‬.‫لتحقيقها‬ 43
  • 20. 45) Translate into Arabic: The three-day conference took place at the Bibliotheca (library) Alexandria. It was attended by 170 Arab businessmen and thinkers. Journalists were not allowed to enter so that ideas could be exchanged freely. Translate into English: ‫الحضارة‬‫تزدهر‬‫أفضل‬‫في‬‫أوتقات‬.‫السلم‬ ‫القواعد‬‫العامة‬‫لكتابة‬‫موضوع‬‫التعبير‬ ‫يعتبر‬‫موضوع‬‫التعبير‬‫من‬‫أصعب‬‫الئسئلة‬‫التي‬‫تواجه‬‫طالب‬‫الثانوية‬‫العامة‬‫ولذا‬‫كان‬‫الحصول‬‫علي‬‫درجة‬‫التعبير‬‫كاملة‬‫ليس‬ ‫بالمر‬‫وبناء‬ .‫اليسير‬‫علي‬‫ذلك‬‫فقد‬‫خصصت‬‫له‬‫هذا‬‫الجزء‬‫ليكون‬‫عون‬‫للطالب‬‫ووئسيلة‬‫للتدريب‬‫المكثف‬‫علي‬‫كتابة‬‫موضوع‬ ‫التعبير‬‫بحيث‬‫يكتسب‬‫الطالب‬‫الخبرة‬‫اللمزمة‬‫للتعامل‬‫مع‬‫هذا‬‫السؤال‬‫وكذلك‬‫يكتسب‬‫مهارة‬‫الكتابة‬‫وهذا‬ .‫المر‬‫ل‬‫يتحقق‬‫ال‬ ‫بالتدريب‬‫المستمر‬‫علي‬‫كتابة‬‫موضوعات‬‫التعبير‬‫ونحن‬‫هنا‬‫نوفر‬‫هذه‬‫الفرصة‬‫وعليك‬‫أن‬‫تتبع‬‫التالي‬‫جيدا‬: ‫أول‬‫اللمام‬ -:‫بقدر‬‫معقول‬‫من‬‫الثروة‬‫اللغوية‬‫مع‬‫حفظ‬‫ما‬‫يتسني‬‫لك‬‫من‬‫التعبيرات‬.‫الشائعة‬ ‫ثانيا‬‫موضوع‬ -:‫التعبير‬‫هو‬‫عبارة‬‫عن‬‫عدة‬‫جمل‬‫مترابطة‬‫في‬‫المعني‬‫ولذا‬‫كان‬‫لزاما‬‫عليك‬‫ان‬‫تعرف‬‫البناء‬‫السليم‬‫للجملة‬ ‫)كل‬ .‫الخبرية‬‫ما‬‫ذكر‬‫فى‬(‫الترجمة‬ ‫ثالثا‬-:‫يجب‬‫مراعاة‬‫القواعد‬‫العامة‬‫لكتابة‬‫موضوع‬‫التعبير‬‫وهي‬: 1‫أن‬ -‫تترك‬‫مسافة‬‫تعادل‬‫خمسة‬‫احرف‬‫في‬‫السطر‬‫الول‬‫فقط‬‫من‬.‫الموضوع‬ 2‫ان‬ -‫تبدأ‬‫كل‬‫جملة‬‫بحرف‬Capital‫كبير‬.‫وواضح‬3‫أن‬ -‫تضع‬‫واضحة‬ (.)‫في‬‫نهاية‬‫كل‬‫جملة‬. 4‫ابدأ‬ -‫الموضع‬‫بـ‬topic sentence‫أي‬‫جملة‬‫رئيسية‬‫نحتوي‬‫في‬‫مجملها‬‫علي‬‫فكرة‬.‫الموضوع‬ 5‫أن‬ -‫تراعي‬‫الترابط‬‫والتنسيق‬‫العام‬‫بين‬‫أفكار‬‫الموضوع‬. 6‫ان‬ -‫تستخدم‬‫الزمن‬‫الصحيح‬‫والمنائسب‬‫لنوعية‬‫الموضوع‬‫الذي‬‫تكتبه‬‫فقد‬‫يكون‬‫في‬‫المضارع‬‫وقد‬‫يكون‬‫في‬‫الماضي‬‫أو‬ ‫المستقبل‬‫أو‬‫خليط‬.‫بينهم‬ 7‫تجنب‬ -‫ائستخدام‬‫الجمل‬‫المعقدة‬‫والتي‬‫تحتوي‬‫علي‬‫مفردات‬‫وتركيبات‬‫صعبة‬‫قد‬‫توقعك‬‫في‬‫أخطاء‬‫أنت‬‫في‬‫غني‬‫عنها‬‫وعليك‬ ‫بائستخدام‬‫الجمل‬‫البسيطة‬‫والسهلة‬‫في‬.‫المعني‬ 8‫خصص‬ -‫صفحة‬‫كاملة‬‫أو‬‫صفحتين‬‫للموضوع‬‫في‬‫ورقة‬‫المتحان‬‫ويفضل‬‫دائما‬‫أن‬‫تترك‬‫ئسطر‬‫عند‬‫كتابة‬.‫الموضوع‬ 9‫اجتهد‬ -‫في‬‫تحسين‬‫خطك‬‫وذلك‬‫بترك‬‫مسافة‬‫بين‬‫كل‬‫كلمة‬‫واخري‬‫فهذا‬‫يعطي‬‫انطبعا‬‫طيبا‬‫للمصحح‬ 1‫البداية‬ -(‫)المقدمة‬2‫النهاية‬ -)the end( 3‫الموضوع‬ -)subject matter( 1‫طرق‬ (‫كتابة‬‫بداية‬‫الموضوع‬: 44 ‫التعبي‬ ‫موضوع‬ ‫تقسيم‬ ‫وينبغي‬ ‫ال‬
  • 21. ‫يمكنك‬‫أن‬‫تبدأ‬‫بــ‬ 1-‫جملة‬‫عامة‬‫عن‬‫الموضوع‬‫يفهم‬‫القارئ‬‫من‬‫خللها‬‫ما‬‫يدور‬‫حوله‬.‫الموضوع‬ 2‫حكمة‬ -‫أو‬‫مثل‬‫أو‬.‫حكاية‬3‫بتعريف‬ -‫الموضوع‬.4‫باقتباس‬ -. 2‫أما‬ (‫عن‬‫كتابة‬‫الموضوع‬‫ينبغي‬‫مراعاة‬‫التي‬: 1‫يجب‬ -‫أن‬‫تكون‬‫الجمل‬‫واضحة‬‫ومتوامزنة‬. 2‫تجنب‬ -‫الجمل‬‫الطويلة‬‫بشكل‬‫عام‬‫وأن‬ .‫تختار‬‫الكلمات‬‫المنائسبة‬‫للتعبير‬‫عن‬‫الفكرة‬‫وتجنب‬‫ائستخدام‬‫الكلمات‬‫الغريبة‬. 3‫الئستخدام‬ -‫الصحيح‬‫لعلمات‬‫الترقيم‬)punctuation. ( 4‫تجنب‬ -‫الكتابة‬‫بضمير‬‫المتكلم‬‫ال‬‫إذا‬‫كان‬‫الموضوع‬‫يخص‬‫شخص‬‫لكاتب‬‫الموضوع‬‫مثل‬‫موضوع‬My favourite game ‫لعبتي‬ –.‫المفضلة‬ 3‫الخاتمة‬ -The end: ‫غالبا‬‫ما‬‫تتضمن‬‫الخاتمة‬‫ملخصا‬)summary‫للراء‬ (‫التي‬‫عبرت‬‫عنها‬‫أو‬‫النتيجة‬‫التي‬‫وصلت‬‫إليها‬‫والنتيجة‬‫هذه‬‫قد‬‫تكون‬ ‫نصيحة‬‫أو‬‫تحذير‬‫أو‬‫اعطاء‬‫رأي‬‫أو‬.‫غيره‬ 4‫ولما‬ -‫كانت‬‫البداية‬‫الجيدة‬‫تعطي‬‫أنطباعا‬‫جيدا‬‫للمصحح‬،‫رأيت‬‫أن‬‫أقدم‬‫لك‬‫هذه‬‫المجموعة‬‫من‬‫التعبيرات‬‫الشائعة‬‫وعليك‬‫أن‬ ‫تحفظها‬‫لتكون‬‫عونا‬‫بشرط‬‫أن‬‫توظفها‬‫في‬‫مكانها‬‫الصحيح‬‫وفي‬‫الموضوع‬‫الذي‬‫تتنائسب‬‫معه‬. ‫ج ل‬‫افتتاحية‬‫تصلح‬‫لوضوعات‬‫نافعة‬ ‫ملحوظة‬:‫نضع‬‫في‬‫الفراغ‬‫الموجود‬‫في‬‫هذه‬‫التعبيرات‬‫كلمة‬‫او‬‫عبارة‬‫تمثل‬‫الموضوع‬: 1) We all agree that …………….... is one of the most important things in our life and has it is vital role nowadays . ‫نتفق‬‫جميعا‬‫أن‬‫واحد‬ ...............‫من‬‫أهم‬‫الشياء‬‫في‬‫حياتنا‬‫وله‬‫دورا‬‫حيويا‬‫هذه‬.‫اليام‬ 2) We all admit the importance and necessity of ……………….... in our life. ‫كلنا‬‫نقر‬‫باهمية‬‫وضرورة‬‫في‬ ..........................‫حياتنا‬ 3) No wonder if we say that ……. has (have) its good and positive effects on us. ‫ل‬‫عجب‬‫إذا‬‫قلنا‬‫أن‬‫له‬ ............................‫أثار‬‫طيبة‬‫وايجابية‬‫علينا‬‫جميعا‬. 4) We all agree that …. is very necessary and plays an important part in our life. ‫كلنا‬‫نتفق‬‫أن‬‫ضروري‬ ..........................‫جدا‬‫ويلعب‬‫دورا‬‫هاما‬‫في‬‫حياتنا‬. 5) We should put into consideration that ……………… has (have) become one of the most important things in everyone's life. ‫يجب‬‫أن‬‫نضع‬‫في‬‫العتبار‬‫ان‬‫قد‬ ...............‫أصبح‬‫واحدا‬‫من‬‫أهم‬‫الشياء‬‫في‬‫حياة‬‫كل‬.‫شخص‬ 6) In my opinion, ………………. is really important and necessary nowadays. It may have good and positive effects on all of us. I think so because ……… may bring all the good to our society. ‫في‬‫رأيي‬‫هو‬ .................‫حقا‬‫مهم‬‫وضروري‬‫هذه‬‫اليام‬‫وقد‬‫يكون‬‫له‬‫الثر‬‫الطيب‬‫واليجابي‬‫علينا‬‫جميعا‬ ‫وانني‬‫اعتقد‬‫ذلك‬‫لن‬‫قد‬ .........................‫يعود‬‫بالنفع‬‫علي‬.‫مجتمعنا‬ ‫ج ل‬‫وتعبيات‬‫تصلح‬‫مقدمات‬‫لوضوعات‬‫ضارة‬‫أو‬‫مشاك ل‬ 1) I see that ........................... stands for an obstacle in the way of our progress so our state spares no effort to put an end to it. ‫إنني‬‫أري‬‫أن‬‫يمثل‬ ...........‫عقبة‬‫في‬‫طريق‬‫تقدمنا‬‫ومن‬‫ثم‬‫فدولتنا‬‫ل‬‫تدخر‬‫جهدا‬‫لكي‬‫تضع‬‫حدا‬.‫له‬ 2) In my point of view, ……………..... is really serious and harmful nowadays. It may have bad and negative effects on all of us. I think so because ............ may bring all the evil to our society. 45
  • 22. ‫من‬‫وجهة‬‫نظري‬‫هو‬ ...‫فعل‬‫خطير‬‫وضار‬‫هذه‬‫اليام‬‫وقد‬‫يكون‬‫له‬‫اثار‬‫ئسيئة‬‫وئسلبية‬‫علينا‬‫جميعا‬‫وانني‬ .‫اعتقد‬‫ذلك‬......‫لن‬‫قد‬ ‫يجلب‬‫الشرور‬‫إلي‬.‫مجتمعنا‬ 3) There is no doubt that ………….... is one of the most dangerous phenomena in our life and has its bad and negative effects nowadays. ‫مما‬‫لشك‬‫فيه‬‫أن‬‫هي‬ ......................‫واحدة‬‫من‬‫أخطر‬‫الظواهر‬‫في‬‫حياتنا‬‫وكذلك‬‫له‬‫اثاره‬‫السيئة‬‫والسلبية‬‫في‬‫وقتنا‬.‫هذا‬ 4) Frankly Speaking, ………………... is one of the worst things in our life. Thus, our state spares no effort to fight it. ‫بصراحة‬‫القول‬‫واحدا‬ ................‫من‬‫أئسوأ‬‫الشياء‬‫في‬‫حياتنا‬‫وعلي‬ .‫هذا‬‫فان‬‫دولتنا‬‫ل‬‫تدخر‬‫جهدا‬‫لكي‬‫تكافح‬‫وتقاوم‬‫هذا‬ .‫الشئ‬ ‫كيف‬‫اربط‬‫بي‬‫أفكار‬‫وج ل‬‫الوضوع‬‫؟‬ ‫خامسا‬:‫هناك‬‫بعض‬‫الروابط‬‫والكلمات‬‫والمصطلحات‬‫التي‬‫تكتب‬‫مع‬‫بداية‬‫كل‬‫فكرة‬‫جديدة‬‫وتستخدم‬‫لربط‬‫الموضوع‬‫مثل‬-: ‫كيف‬‫أختم‬‫موضوع‬‫التعبي‬ ‫سادسا‬:‫ثم‬‫ننهي‬‫الموضوع‬‫باحدي‬‫هذه‬‫العبارات‬:  Finally , it is quite clear that …….(‫)الموضوع‬ ….. Is really……(‫..)صفة‬  In brief, I think that ……….… is really ………………  To sum up , one can say that ……… is really …………… ‫الموضوع‬‫اليجابي‬ I don't know where to begin because this matter occupied my attention but can we imagine life in the absence of......‫?.........الموضوع‬ In my opinion , Id like to say that ……… ‫.....…الموضوع‬is really necessary nowadays and may have good and positive effects on all of us . I think so because …‫.……الموضوع‬may bring all the good to our society . To begin with , I'd like to say that , we Egyptians always react well to what is good and react badly to what is bad . Thus we all agree to and encourage……‫…………الموضوع‬ In fact , it's impossible to lead a happy life without……‫..………الموضوع‬as it is one of our chief sources of wealth . with the help of …‫……الموضوع‬we can realize progress and development .The government must exploit all our natural resources and does its best to encourage…‫الموضوع‬ ‫من‬‫ناحية‬‫أخري‬One the other hand‫من‬‫ناحية‬On one hand ‫علوة‬‫علي‬‫ذلك‬Moreover = further more‫بالضافة‬‫إلي‬‫ذلك‬In addition to that ‫وبناء‬‫علي‬‫ذلك‬Thus‫وفوق‬‫كل‬‫ذلك‬Above all ‫في‬‫نفس‬‫الوقت‬At the same time‫ومن‬‫ثم‬Hence ‫اكثر‬‫من‬‫ذلك‬More than that‫ونتيجة‬‫لذلك‬And as a result ‫نتيجة‬‫لذلك‬Consequently‫مضافا‬‫إلي‬‫ذلك‬Over and above 46
  • 23. …. to raise the standard living of citizens. We should put into consideration that ……… ‫..……الموضوع‬ has ( have ) become one of the most desirable topics in our society. No wonder if we say that ……‫.……الموضوع‬ has its good and positive effects on us . …………‫..…الموضوع‬ is considered an important step to improve and develop one society .We all agree that ……… ‫……الموضوع‬is one of the most important things in our life and has its vital role nowadays . ‫الموضوع‬‫السلبي‬ I don't know where to begin because this matter occupied my attention as it is one of the most serious problems which threatens our life at present .It's out of discussion that the problem of ……‫الموضوع‬ ….. .doesn't bring happiness and development to our society We must exploit all our natural resources and do our best to find suitable answers to …‫الموضوع‬ ….In my opinion this problem hinder progress and development. At my point of view , I believe that……‫..…الموضوع‬ is really serious and harmful and may have bad and negative effects on all of us . I see that ……‫.………الموضوع‬stands for an obstacle in the way of our progress , hence our state spares no effort to put an end to it . On one hand I think that one should unite , co-operate and stand , shoulder to shoulder against ………‫الموضوع‬ …….. . On the other hand the government must try to overcame this serious problem by finding the best solutions .one of the most important solution to this problem is that all members of the society must participate in putting an end to this serious problem. ‫عبارات‬‫تصلح‬‫لوضوعات‬‫التعبي‬(‫)تظفظ‬  Businessmen must participate in setting up projects. ‫علي‬‫رجل‬‫العمال‬‫المساهمة‬‫في‬‫انشاء‬.‫المشروعات‬  Production goes side by side with consumption. ‫يسير‬‫النتاج‬‫جنبا‬‫إلي‬‫جنب‬‫مع‬.‫الستهلك‬  Smoking is a bad habit and we must give it up. ‫التدخين‬‫عادة‬‫سيئة‬‫ويجب‬‫القلع‬‫عنها‬  One of the greatest civilization in the history of the world. ‫احدي‬‫أعظم‬‫الحضارات‬‫في‬‫العالم‬  It's out of discussion that … doesn't always bring ….. ‫بل‬‫ريب‬‫أن‬......‫ل‬‫تجلب‬‫دائما‬  We should do our best to find suitable answers to …….. ‫يجب‬‫أن‬‫نبذل‬‫قصاري‬‫جهدنا‬‫ليجاد‬‫حلول‬‫لـــ‬  In fact. It's impossible to lead a happy life without……. ‫في‬‫الواقع‬‫أنه‬‫من‬‫المستحيل‬‫عيش‬‫حياة‬‫هنية‬‫بدون‬........ 47
  • 24.  The press plays an important role in forming public awareness. ‫تلعب‬‫الصحافة‬‫دورا‬‫هاما‬‫في‬‫تكوين‬‫الوعي‬‫القومي‬  We seek peace for the welfare and happiness of man ‫نحن‬‫نبحث‬‫عن‬‫السلم‬‫من‬‫أجل‬‫رفاهية‬‫وسعادة‬‫النسان‬  We must exploit all our natural resource. ‫يجب‬‫ان‬‫نستغل‬‫كل‬‫مواردنا‬.‫الطبيعية‬  Illiteracy and unemployment result in the spread of crime. ‫ينتج‬‫عن‬‫المية‬‫والبطالة‬‫انتشار‬.‫الجريمة‬  To strengthen out ties with other countries. ‫يقوي‬‫علقاتنا‬‫مع‬‫القطار‬ ‫.الخري‬  We look forward to the time when peace prevails. ‫نتطلع‬‫إلي‬‫الوقت‬‫الذي‬‫يحل‬‫فيه‬ ‫.السلم‬  Can you imagine life in the absence of…..? ‫هل‬‫لك‬‫ان‬‫تتخيل‬‫الحياة‬‫في‬‫غياب‬ ........‫؟‬  ….Is one of our chief sources of wealth. ..... ‫هي‬‫أحدي‬‫المصادر‬‫الساسية‬ ‫.للثروة‬  Great progress will be made in the field of ……… ‫سيحدث‬‫تقدم‬‫هائل‬‫في‬‫مجال‬ ........  It teaches us discipline and co-operation … … ‫تعلمنا‬‫النظام‬ ‫.والتعامل‬  A revolution of information resources ‫ثورة‬‫في‬‫مصادر‬‫المعرفة‬  We are indebted to him for his discoveries ‫مدينون‬‫له‬ ‫لكتشافاته‬  To improve our standard of living ‫لرفع‬‫مستوي‬‫معيشتنا‬)‫لتحسين‬ )  To stand against war and terrorism ‫نقف‬‫ضد‬‫الحرب‬ ‫والرهاب‬  I'm determined to make my way ‫عقدت‬‫العزم‬‫علي‬‫أن‬‫اشق‬‫طريقي‬ ‫إلي‬‫النجاح‬  You have to face both alternatives ‫عليك‬‫بمواجهة‬‫كل‬‫الحتمالين‬  I don't known where to begin ‫ل‬‫اعرف‬‫من‬‫اين‬‫ابدأ‬  Cleanliness is next to godliness ‫النظافة‬‫من‬‫اليمان‬  This matter occupied my attention ‫لقد‬‫شغلتني‬‫هذه‬‫المسألة‬  To enrich their knowledge ‫لثراء‬‫معرفتهم‬  For the sake of our country ‫لصالح‬‫بلدنا‬  Upgrading education ‫النهوض‬‫بالتعليم‬  To take into account ‫يأخذ‬‫في‬‫العتبار‬  To create good citizens ‫لخلق‬‫مواطنين‬‫صالحين‬  Good work tells in the end ‫العمل‬‫الطيب‬‫يظهر‬‫اثر‬‫في‬‫النهاية‬  I think better of it ‫ساعيد‬‫النظر‬‫في‬‫ذلك‬  Right habits and moralities ‫العادات‬‫والخلق‬‫الصحيحة‬ 48
  • 25.  Help me understand ‫يساعدني‬‫علي‬‫الفهم‬  There is a radical change in ‫يوجد‬‫تغير‬‫جذري‬‫في‬  Achieving safety for citizens ‫تحقيق‬‫المن‬‫للمواطنين‬  Social and political rights ‫الحقوق‬‫الجتماعية‬‫والسياسية‬  To reform all of education ‫اصلح‬‫جميع‬‫مراحل‬‫التعليم‬  Up-to-date equipment ‫معدات‬‫حديثة‬  To achieve self-sufficiency ‫لتحقيق‬‫الكتفاء‬‫الذاتي‬  Construction flyovers and tunnels ‫نشيد‬‫الكباري‬ ‫والنفاق‬  Establishing child libraries ‫انشاء‬‫مكتبات‬ ‫الطفال‬  Everywhere all over the country ‫في‬‫كل‬‫مكان‬‫في‬‫انحاء‬ ‫القطر‬  In the course of the last years ‫في‬‫غضون‬‫العوام‬‫الخيرة‬  Practical steps have been taken ‫خطوات‬‫عملية‬‫قد‬‫اتخذت‬  For the good of the society ‫من‬‫أجل‬‫منفعة‬‫المجتمع‬  Thanks to science and technology. ‫يفضل‬‫العلم‬ ‫والتكنولوجيا‬  Every branch of knowledge ‫كل‬‫فروع‬‫المعرفة‬  General knowledge ‫المعرفة‬‫العامة‬  Sense of belonging. ‫الشعور‬‫بالنتماء‬  Sense of responsibility ‫الشعور‬ ‫بالمسئولية‬  Sense of loyalty ‫الشعور‬‫بالولء‬  International relations ‫علقات‬‫دولية‬  In practical fields ‫في‬‫المجالت‬‫العلمية‬  A good social position ‫مكانة‬‫اجتماعية‬‫مرموقة‬  Great achievements ‫انجازات‬‫عظيمة‬  To double production ‫نضاعف‬‫النتاج‬  To achieve prosperity and welfare ‫لتحقيق‬‫الرخاء‬‫والرفاهية‬  To develop the individual awareness ‫لتنمية‬‫الوعي‬‫الفردي‬  To work for peace ‫نعمل‬‫من‬‫أجل‬ ‫السلم‬  To devote (himself)to ‫يكرس‬‫حياته‬‫لـــ‬  To spare no effort ‫ل‬‫يدخر‬‫وسعا‬  To increase our exports ‫نزيد‬‫صادراتنا‬  The problem of over – crowdedness ‫مشكلة‬‫شدة‬ ‫الزدحام‬  We have to stand firmly against ‫علينا‬‫أن‬‫نقف‬‫بحزم‬‫ضد‬ 49
  • 26.  Thanks to your efforts ‫بفضل‬‫جهودكم‬  For the bigger purpose ‫من‬‫أجل‬‫غرض‬‫أهم‬  Make the most of your time ‫استغل‬‫معظم‬ ‫وقتك‬  Habit ever remains ‫من‬‫شب‬‫علي‬‫شئ‬‫شاب‬ ‫عليه‬  There is room for improvement ‫هناك‬‫مجال‬ ‫للتحسين‬  An important earner ‫مصدر‬‫هام‬‫للدخل‬  In an attempt to ‫في‬‫محاولة‬‫لــــ‬  Follow my example ‫يحذو‬‫حذو‬  A solution to the problem ‫حل‬‫للمشكلة‬  At an incredible rate ‫بمعدل‬‫ل‬‫يصدق‬  To live and learn ‫كلما‬‫عاش‬‫كلما‬‫تعلم‬ ‫امثر‬  To turn over a new leaf ‫يبدأ‬‫في‬‫التصرف‬‫بطريقة‬ ‫أفضل‬  Sphere of influence ‫منطقة‬‫نفوذ‬  Back on track ‫انتكاسة‬  Escalation of violence ‫تصعيد‬‫العنف‬  No fly zone ‫منطقة‬‫حظر‬‫جوى‬  Condemned religious extremism ‫التطرف‬‫الديني‬  One of the issues that had been settled ‫احدي‬‫القرارات‬‫التي‬ ‫اتخذت‬  Solid national unity ‫وحدة‬‫وطنية‬‫متماسكة‬  Outstanding opportunity ‫فرصة‬‫رائعة‬  Stage of privatization ‫مرحلة‬‫الخصخصة‬  Supply and demand ‫العرض‬‫والطلب‬  Plunge the Middle East into turmoil ‫يدفع‬‫بمنطقة‬‫الشرق‬‫الوسط‬‫إلي‬ ‫دوامات‬‫العنف‬  Restoring process to the right track ‫أعادة‬‫عملية‬‫السلم‬‫إلي‬‫مسارها‬ ‫الصحيح‬  Top the agenda of talks ‫علي‬‫رأس‬‫قائمة‬‫المباحثات‬ ‫الدعاء‬‫لكل‬‫من‬‫ساهم‬‫فى‬‫هذا‬‫العمل‬‫بالنجاح‬‫و‬‫الفلح‬‫فى‬‫الدارين‬ 50
  • 27. ‫تعبيرات‬Expressions The effective means ‫الوسيلة‬‫الفعالة‬ The needs of people ‫احتياجات‬‫الشعب‬ Arab solidarity ‫التضامن‬‫العربي‬ The corner stone ‫حجر‬‫الزاوية‬ Expert great efforts ‫يبذل‬‫جهود‬‫عظيمة‬ To close the ranks ‫لجمع‬‫الشمل‬ Step by step ‫خطوة‬‫بخطوة‬ Strong ties ‫روابط‬‫قوية‬ Cultural event ‫حدث‬‫ثقافي‬ She is good humoured ‫انها‬‫هادئة‬‫الطبع‬ A peace loving ‫محبة‬‫للسلم‬ Opposite direction ‫الجتجاه‬‫المضاد‬ With all means ‫بكل‬‫السبل‬ In co-operation with ‫بالتعاون‬‫مع‬ The privatization ‫برنامج‬‫الخصخصة‬ Monopoly of arms ‫احتكار‬‫السل ح‬ The Palestine ‫القضية‬‫الفلسطينة‬ I'm not in a hurry ‫لست‬‫متعجل‬ Maximum income ‫اعلى‬‫دخل‬ Take into consideration ‫ياخذ‬‫فى‬‫العتبار‬ Day of rage ‫انه‬‫موضوع‬‫الساعة‬ It is to your interest ‫انه‬‫من‬‫مصلحتك‬ Day of rage ‫يوم‬‫الغضب‬ I can't help it ‫ماباليد‬‫حيلة‬ Thanks to ‫بفضل‬ Don't imagine ‫لجتكن‬‫خياليا‬ In enriching ‫فى‬‫اثراء‬ In this age ‫فى‬‫هذا‬‫العصر‬ The only way ‫السبيل‬‫الوحيد‬ To cope with ‫نساير‬ With the aim of ‫بهدف‬ Sever short age ‫نقص‬‫حاد‬ Mixed ‫نتائج‬‫متضاربة‬ The right to vote ‫حق‬‫النتخاب‬ Initiative ‫مبادرة‬ Sanctions ‫العقوبات‬ Mother tongue ‫اللغة‬‫الم‬ Communicate with ‫يتصل‬‫ب‬ Cairo international book fair ‫معرض‬‫القاهرة‬‫الدولى‬‫للكتاب‬ Setback ‫انتكاسة‬ In defence ‫دفاعا‬‫عن‬ Make contributions ‫يقدم‬‫اسهامات‬ Human rights ‫حقوق‬‫النسان‬ In favour of ‫لصالحمؤيد‬ Hold demonstration ‫يقوم‬‫بمظاهرة‬ Catch up with ‫يساير‬‫-يواكب‬ Pay attention to ‫ينتبة‬‫الى‬ At an alarming rate ‫بمعدل‬‫مزعج‬ Side by side ‫جنبا‬‫الى‬‫جنب‬ Great novelist ‫روائى‬‫عظيم‬ Aware of ‫واع‬‫ل-مطلع‬‫على‬ Artificial lake ‫بحيرة‬‫اصطناعية‬ The importance ‫اهمية‬ Hard work ‫عمل‬‫شاق‬ Beauty lovers ‫عشاق‬‫الجمال‬ For better , for worse ‫في‬‫السراء‬‫والضراء‬ misunderstanding ‫سوء‬‫الفهم‬ Daily needs ‫احتياجات‬‫يومية‬ Primary education ‫جتعليم‬‫ابتدائى‬ responsible for ‫مسئول‬‫عن‬ General education ‫جتعليم‬‫عام‬ University graduates ‫خريجي‬‫الجامعات‬ Free education ‫جتعليم‬‫مجانى‬ Secondary education ‫جتعليم‬‫ثانوى‬ Natural disasters ‫كوارث‬‫طبيعية‬ Open education ‫جتعليم‬‫مفتو ح‬ 51