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For further information:
www.coe.int/internet
ENG
Human rights,
democracy
and rule of law
PREMS083716–©CouncilofEurope–Photograph:shutterstock
issued by the Council of Europe´s anti-racism body ECRI
contains guidelines for states on how to prevent hate speech,
including online, support those targeted by it, and deal with
its consequences.
FIGHTING
gender stereotypes
■ The Internet plays an essential role in shaping our
conception of the world, and gender stereotypes are as present
online as they are offline.The Council of Europe is committed to
promoting gender equality on the Internet and to combating
gender stereotypes in the media, and has adopted a number
of policy recommendations in this field.
■ The Istanbul Convention addresses violence against
women, including the role of the communication technologies
sector and the media in contributing to the prevention of
violence and enhancing respect for women and girls.
Programme Office in Bucharest, Romania, that supports
countries worldwide through capacity building programmes
such as the GLACY project on Global Action on Cybercrime.
■ The Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism also
covers the virtual world, asking states to establish criminal
offences for public provocation to commit a terrorist offence,
recruitment and training of terrorists. An additional protocol
contains measures to tackle the so-called “foreign terrorist
fighters.”
■ The Council of Europe has adopted the first international
treaty on the counterfeiting of medical products and similar
crimes involving threats to public health, the MEDICRIME
Convention, which aims to stop the sale of counterfeit
medicines, both offline and online.
■ The Pompidou Group, the Council of Europe’s group
of experts on drugs’ policy, are working to curb drug sales
and deliveries via encrypted Internet platforms.
EMPOWERINGANDPROTECTING
children and young people
■ The Internet is a great tool for children and young
people to learn, communicate and enjoy their free time.
To help children understand the Internet and acquire the
necessary skills to become digital citizens, the Council of
Europe has developed, for example, the online educational
game Through the Wild Web Woods, an Internet literacy
handbook and a tablet application to empower children,
parents and educators in making full and safe use of the
potential of ICT and digital media.
■ The use of the Internet to harm children sexually is a
serious concern.The Council of Europe Lanzarote Convention
criminalises the sexual exploitation and abuse of children,
including the use of new technologies to abuse them, for
example by adults soliciting children in chat rooms or online
game sites for sexual purposes.
■ The Lanzarote Committee is currently analysing trends
in sexual exploitation and abuse of children, in particular
those where offenders make use of new technologies, in
order to propose guidance to its Parties to fight them more
efficiently.
■ In order to fight the flow of xenophobic and intolerant
messages inundating cyberspace, the Council of Europe has
launched the No Hate Speech Movement, which aims to
help young people and youth organisations recognise and
act against such human rights abuses. A recommendation
COUNCIL OF EUROPE
SAFEGUARDING
HUMAN RIGHTS
ONTHE NET
The Council of Europe is the continent’s
leading human rights organisation.
It comprises 47 member states, 28 of which
are members of the European Union.
All Council of Europe member states have signed
up to the European Convention on Human Rights,
a treaty designed to protect human rights,
democracy and the rule of law.
The European Court of Human Rights
oversees the implementation of the
Convention in the member states.
SAFEGUARDING HUMAN RIGHTS
online
■ The Internet has radically transformed the way we access
information and communicate - creating new opportunities for
strengthening democracy. Unfortunately it can also be used
to restrict human rights and to commit crimes.
■ Revelations on mass online surveillance and regular
reports on abuses of the rights to privacy and free expression
clearly show the need to effectively protect human rights on
the net.
■ The Council of Europe works with governments, the
private sector, civil society and other actors to shape the Internet
as a safe and open environment where freedom of expression,
freedom of assembly and association, diversity, culture and
education can flourish. In line with its overall mission, the
ultimate aim of its Internet-related action is to protect and
promote human rights, democracy and the rule of law.
INTERNATIONAL LAW
with people at the centre
■ InEuropethekeypillarfortheprotectionofhumanrights
istheEuropeanConventiononHumanRights,whichisbinding
for all Council of Europe member states. The Strasbourg Court,
whichrulesonapplicationsallegingviolationsoftheConvention,
has already delivered landmark judgments concerning the
online environment.
■ In order to address the challenges to human rights on the
Internet,theCouncilofEuropecreatesinternationaltreatiesand
issues policy recommendations to its member states to guide
them when developing national legislation. It also co-operates
with Internet companies, such as search engines and social
networks, to help them develop self-regulation tools.
■ People‘srightsshouldbeatthecoreofallInternetpolicies.
ThisprincipleinspirestheworkplannedbytheCouncilofEurope
in its Internet Governance strategy for 2016-2019. During this
period, the Organisation will continue to promote its Guide to
humanrightsforInternetusers, which aims to help users know
their rights and what to do when they are challenged.
■ CommittedtotheideathattheInternetshouldbegoverned
throughdialogueandco-operationbetweenallInternetactors,
theCouncilofEuropesupportstheInternetGovernanceForum
(IGF) and the European Dialogue on Internet Governance
(EuroDIG). It is also an observer to the Governmental Advisory
Committee(GAC)oftheInternetCorporationforAssignedNames
and Numbers (ICANN).
ENSURING ACCESS
to the Internet
■ People rely on the Internet to obtain information,
communicate and associate with each other, and for many
everyday activities. They have a legitimate expectation that
the Internet will be up and running, and are entitled to enjoy
affordable and safe access to the net.
■ The Internet is of critical value for democracy.The Council
of Europe recognises and promotes the public service value of
theInternet,andencouragesitsmemberstatestoensureequal
accessforeveryone.Itisalsoworkingonthepromotionofdigital
educationandculture,forexamplebypromotingtheexchange
of best practices on the digitalisation of culture.
■ MakingtheInternetmoreaccessiblecanhelppeoplewith
disabilities,theunderprivilegedandtheelderlytoconnectmore
easily with the world – from voting to buying goods. A number
of Council of Europe recommendations aim to improve the
participation of disabled people in public life, increase their
educationalopportunities,andinvolvetheminthedevelopment
of new technologies adapted to their needs.
DEFENDING
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION:
■ The Council of Europe works with governments and other
authorities, journalists, civil society and the private sector to
ensure that the right to freedom of expression is guaranteed
to everyone both offline and online.
■ The Organisation has issued guidelines to its member
states to make sure that any restrictions to freedom of
expression, such as through Internet blocking and filtering,
comply with Article 10 of the European Convention on Human
Rights. Council of Europe policies also promote network
neutrality, the global free flow of information on the Internet
and the universality and integrity of the Internet’s infrastructure.
■ The Council of Europe has created a platform through
which media freedom NGOs can report challenges to the safety
of journalists and media freedom, and restrictions of freedom of
expression on the Internet.The information collected is used to
trigger responses by Council of Europe´s bodies and to engage
in a dialogue with the authorities concerned to address them.
■ Through his annual reports on the State of Human Rights
in Europe, the Council of Europe Secretary General plays an
increasingly active role to assess the protection of freedom of
expression in the 47 member states.
■ Aiming to strengthen states’commitment to apply the
Council of Europe’s freedom of expression standards, in 2016
the Organisation has adopted recommendations on network
neutrality, the safety of journalists and Internet freedom. It
has developed Internet freedom indicators that states can
use to assess their compliance with these standards.
■ The Council of Europe has also elaborated a comparative
study on the laws and practices on blocking, filtering and
removal of Internet illegal content in its 47 member states.
PROTECTINGPRIVACY
and personal data
■ The Internet has changed how we handle personal
data and share personal information with others, creating
opportunities, but also risks.
■ Article 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights
upholds the right to respect for private life. Another treaty, the
Council of Europe data protection convention (Convention
108), safeguards individuals’right to the protection of their
personal data.This convention, which is the sole international
treaty in this field, is being updated to ensure that its data
protection principles are still in line with today’s needs.
■ The Internet knows no borders, and Convention 108,
which is open to any country in the world, has the potential
to become a global standard.
FIGHTINGCRIME
on the web
■ With the Internet, new types of crimes have emerged
that require specific criminal law responses.
■ The Budapest Convention on Cybercrime lays out a
criminal justice framework to guide state policies in this field.
It prescribes the minimum legal standards necessary for states
to prosecute cybercriminals and tackle child pornography.
It also contains safeguards for individuals’ rights when
authorities secure electronic evidence for criminal justice
purposes.
■ An additional Protocol criminalises racist and
xenophobic acts committed through computer systems.The
treaty is backed up the Cybercrime Convention Committee
that monitors its implementation and a Cybercrime
SAFEGUARDING HUMAN RIGHTS
online
■ The Internet has radically transformed the way we access
information and communicate - creating new opportunities for
strengthening democracy. Unfortunately it can also be used
to restrict human rights and to commit crimes.
■ Revelations on mass online surveillance and regular
reports on abuses of the rights to privacy and free expression
clearly show the need to effectively protect human rights on
the net.
■ The Council of Europe works with governments, the
private sector, civil society and other actors to shape the Internet
as a safe and open environment where freedom of expression,
freedom of assembly and association, diversity, culture and
education can flourish. In line with its overall mission, the
ultimate aim of its Internet-related action is to protect and
promote human rights, democracy and the rule of law.
INTERNATIONAL LAW
with people at the centre
■ InEuropethekeypillarfortheprotectionofhumanrights
istheEuropeanConventiononHumanRights,whichisbinding
for all Council of Europe member states. The Strasbourg Court,
whichrulesonapplicationsallegingviolationsoftheConvention,
has already delivered landmark judgments concerning the
online environment.
■ In order to address the challenges to human rights on the
Internet,theCouncilofEuropecreatesinternationaltreatiesand
issues policy recommendations to its member states to guide
them when developing national legislation. It also co-operates
with Internet companies, such as search engines and social
networks, to help them develop self-regulation tools.
■ People‘srightsshouldbeatthecoreofallInternetpolicies.
ThisprincipleinspirestheworkplannedbytheCouncilofEurope
in its Internet Governance strategy for 2016-2019. During this
period, the Organisation will continue to promote its Guide to
humanrightsforInternetusers, which aims to help users know
their rights and what to do when they are challenged.
■ CommittedtotheideathattheInternetshouldbegoverned
throughdialogueandco-operationbetweenallInternetactors,
theCouncilofEuropesupportstheInternetGovernanceForum
(IGF) and the European Dialogue on Internet Governance
(EuroDIG). It is also an observer to the Governmental Advisory
Committee(GAC)oftheInternetCorporationforAssignedNames
and Numbers (ICANN).
ENSURING ACCESS
to the Internet
■ People rely on the Internet to obtain information,
communicate and associate with each other, and for many
everyday activities. They have a legitimate expectation that
the Internet will be up and running, and are entitled to enjoy
affordable and safe access to the net.
■ The Internet is of critical value for democracy.The Council
of Europe recognises and promotes the public service value of
theInternet,andencouragesitsmemberstatestoensureequal
accessforeveryone.Itisalsoworkingonthepromotionofdigital
educationandculture,forexamplebypromotingtheexchange
of best practices on the digitalisation of culture.
■ MakingtheInternetmoreaccessiblecanhelppeoplewith
disabilities,theunderprivilegedandtheelderlytoconnectmore
easily with the world – from voting to buying goods. A number
of Council of Europe recommendations aim to improve the
participation of disabled people in public life, increase their
educationalopportunities,andinvolvetheminthedevelopment
of new technologies adapted to their needs.
DEFENDING
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION:
■ The Council of Europe works with governments and other
authorities, journalists, civil society and the private sector to
ensure that the right to freedom of expression is guaranteed
to everyone both offline and online.
■ The Organisation has issued guidelines to its member
states to make sure that any restrictions to freedom of
expression, such as through Internet blocking and filtering,
comply with Article 10 of the European Convention on Human
Rights. Council of Europe policies also promote network
neutrality, the global free flow of information on the Internet
and the universality and integrity of the Internet’s infrastructure.
■ The Council of Europe has created a platform through
which media freedom NGOs can report challenges to the safety
of journalists and media freedom, and restrictions of freedom of
expression on the Internet.The information collected is used to
trigger responses by Council of Europe´s bodies and to engage
in a dialogue with the authorities concerned to address them.
■ Through his annual reports on the State of Human Rights
in Europe, the Council of Europe Secretary General plays an
increasingly active role to assess the protection of freedom of
expression in the 47 member states.
■ Aiming to strengthen states’commitment to apply the
Council of Europe’s freedom of expression standards, in 2016
the Organisation has adopted recommendations on network
neutrality, the safety of journalists and Internet freedom. It
has developed Internet freedom indicators that states can
use to assess their compliance with these standards.
■ The Council of Europe has also elaborated a comparative
study on the laws and practices on blocking, filtering and
removal of Internet illegal content in its 47 member states.
PROTECTINGPRIVACY
and personal data
■ The Internet has changed how we handle personal
data and share personal information with others, creating
opportunities, but also risks.
■ Article 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights
upholds the right to respect for private life. Another treaty, the
Council of Europe data protection convention (Convention
108), safeguards individuals’right to the protection of their
personal data.This convention, which is the sole international
treaty in this field, is being updated to ensure that its data
protection principles are still in line with today’s needs.
■ The Internet knows no borders, and Convention 108,
which is open to any country in the world, has the potential
to become a global standard.
FIGHTINGCRIME
on the web
■ With the Internet, new types of crimes have emerged
that require specific criminal law responses.
■ The Budapest Convention on Cybercrime lays out a
criminal justice framework to guide state policies in this field.
It prescribes the minimum legal standards necessary for states
to prosecute cybercriminals and tackle child pornography.
It also contains safeguards for individuals’ rights when
authorities secure electronic evidence for criminal justice
purposes.
■ An additional Protocol criminalises racist and
xenophobic acts committed through computer systems.The
treaty is backed up the Cybercrime Convention Committee
that monitors its implementation and a Cybercrime
SAFEGUARDING HUMAN RIGHTS
online
■ The Internet has radically transformed the way we access
information and communicate - creating new opportunities for
strengthening democracy. Unfortunately it can also be used
to restrict human rights and to commit crimes.
■ Revelations on mass online surveillance and regular
reports on abuses of the rights to privacy and free expression
clearly show the need to effectively protect human rights on
the net.
■ The Council of Europe works with governments, the
private sector, civil society and other actors to shape the Internet
as a safe and open environment where freedom of expression,
freedom of assembly and association, diversity, culture and
education can flourish. In line with its overall mission, the
ultimate aim of its Internet-related action is to protect and
promote human rights, democracy and the rule of law.
INTERNATIONAL LAW
with people at the centre
■ InEuropethekeypillarfortheprotectionofhumanrights
istheEuropeanConventiononHumanRights,whichisbinding
for all Council of Europe member states. The Strasbourg Court,
whichrulesonapplicationsallegingviolationsoftheConvention,
has already delivered landmark judgments concerning the
online environment.
■ In order to address the challenges to human rights on the
Internet,theCouncilofEuropecreatesinternationaltreatiesand
issues policy recommendations to its member states to guide
them when developing national legislation. It also co-operates
with Internet companies, such as search engines and social
networks, to help them develop self-regulation tools.
■ People‘srightsshouldbeatthecoreofallInternetpolicies.
ThisprincipleinspirestheworkplannedbytheCouncilofEurope
in its Internet Governance strategy for 2016-2019. During this
period, the Organisation will continue to promote its Guide to
humanrightsforInternetusers, which aims to help users know
their rights and what to do when they are challenged.
■ CommittedtotheideathattheInternetshouldbegoverned
throughdialogueandco-operationbetweenallInternetactors,
theCouncilofEuropesupportstheInternetGovernanceForum
(IGF) and the European Dialogue on Internet Governance
(EuroDIG). It is also an observer to the Governmental Advisory
Committee(GAC)oftheInternetCorporationforAssignedNames
and Numbers (ICANN).
ENSURING ACCESS
to the Internet
■ People rely on the Internet to obtain information,
communicate and associate with each other, and for many
everyday activities. They have a legitimate expectation that
the Internet will be up and running, and are entitled to enjoy
affordable and safe access to the net.
■ The Internet is of critical value for democracy.The Council
of Europe recognises and promotes the public service value of
theInternet,andencouragesitsmemberstatestoensureequal
accessforeveryone.Itisalsoworkingonthepromotionofdigital
educationandculture,forexamplebypromotingtheexchange
of best practices on the digitalisation of culture.
■ MakingtheInternetmoreaccessiblecanhelppeoplewith
disabilities,theunderprivilegedandtheelderlytoconnectmore
easily with the world – from voting to buying goods. A number
of Council of Europe recommendations aim to improve the
participation of disabled people in public life, increase their
educationalopportunities,andinvolvetheminthedevelopment
of new technologies adapted to their needs.
DEFENDING
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION:
■ The Council of Europe works with governments and other
authorities, journalists, civil society and the private sector to
ensure that the right to freedom of expression is guaranteed
to everyone both offline and online.
■ The Organisation has issued guidelines to its member
states to make sure that any restrictions to freedom of
expression, such as through Internet blocking and filtering,
comply with Article 10 of the European Convention on Human
Rights. Council of Europe policies also promote network
neutrality, the global free flow of information on the Internet
and the universality and integrity of the Internet’s infrastructure.
■ The Council of Europe has created a platform through
which media freedom NGOs can report challenges to the safety
of journalists and media freedom, and restrictions of freedom of
expression on the Internet.The information collected is used to
trigger responses by Council of Europe´s bodies and to engage
in a dialogue with the authorities concerned to address them.
■ Through his annual reports on the State of Human Rights
in Europe, the Council of Europe Secretary General plays an
increasingly active role to assess the protection of freedom of
expression in the 47 member states.
■ Aiming to strengthen states’commitment to apply the
Council of Europe’s freedom of expression standards, in 2016
the Organisation has adopted recommendations on network
neutrality, the safety of journalists and Internet freedom. It
has developed Internet freedom indicators that states can
use to assess their compliance with these standards.
■ The Council of Europe has also elaborated a comparative
study on the laws and practices on blocking, filtering and
removal of Internet illegal content in its 47 member states.
PROTECTINGPRIVACY
and personal data
■ The Internet has changed how we handle personal
data and share personal information with others, creating
opportunities, but also risks.
■ Article 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights
upholds the right to respect for private life. Another treaty, the
Council of Europe data protection convention (Convention
108), safeguards individuals’right to the protection of their
personal data.This convention, which is the sole international
treaty in this field, is being updated to ensure that its data
protection principles are still in line with today’s needs.
■ The Internet knows no borders, and Convention 108,
which is open to any country in the world, has the potential
to become a global standard.
FIGHTINGCRIME
on the web
■ With the Internet, new types of crimes have emerged
that require specific criminal law responses.
■ The Budapest Convention on Cybercrime lays out a
criminal justice framework to guide state policies in this field.
It prescribes the minimum legal standards necessary for states
to prosecute cybercriminals and tackle child pornography.
It also contains safeguards for individuals’ rights when
authorities secure electronic evidence for criminal justice
purposes.
■ An additional Protocol criminalises racist and
xenophobic acts committed through computer systems.The
treaty is backed up the Cybercrime Convention Committee
that monitors its implementation and a Cybercrime
For further information:
www.coe.int/internet
ENG
Human rights,
democracy
and rule of law
PREMS083716–©CouncilofEurope–Photograph:shutterstock
issued by the Council of Europe´s anti-racism body ECRI
contains guidelines for states on how to prevent hate speech,
including online, support those targeted by it, and deal with
its consequences.
FIGHTING
gender stereotypes
■ The Internet plays an essential role in shaping our
conception of the world, and gender stereotypes are as present
online as they are offline.The Council of Europe is committed to
promoting gender equality on the Internet and to combating
gender stereotypes in the media, and has adopted a number
of policy recommendations in this field.
■ The Istanbul Convention addresses violence against
women, including the role of the communication technologies
sector and the media in contributing to the prevention of
violence and enhancing respect for women and girls.
Programme Office in Bucharest, Romania, that supports
countries worldwide through capacity building programmes
such as the GLACY project on Global Action on Cybercrime.
■ The Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism also
covers the virtual world, asking states to establish criminal
offences for public provocation to commit a terrorist offence,
recruitment and training of terrorists. An additional protocol
contains measures to tackle the so-called “foreign terrorist
fighters.”
■ The Council of Europe has adopted the first international
treaty on the counterfeiting of medical products and similar
crimes involving threats to public health, the MEDICRIME
Convention, which aims to stop the sale of counterfeit
medicines, both offline and online.
■ The Pompidou Group, the Council of Europe’s group
of experts on drugs’ policy, are working to curb drug sales
and deliveries via encrypted Internet platforms.
EMPOWERINGANDPROTECTING
children and young people
■ The Internet is a great tool for children and young
people to learn, communicate and enjoy their free time.
To help children understand the Internet and acquire the
necessary skills to become digital citizens, the Council of
Europe has developed, for example, the online educational
game Through the Wild Web Woods, an Internet literacy
handbook and a tablet application to empower children,
parents and educators in making full and safe use of the
potential of ICT and digital media.
■ The use of the Internet to harm children sexually is a
serious concern.The Council of Europe Lanzarote Convention
criminalises the sexual exploitation and abuse of children,
including the use of new technologies to abuse them, for
example by adults soliciting children in chat rooms or online
game sites for sexual purposes.
■ The Lanzarote Committee is currently analysing trends
in sexual exploitation and abuse of children, in particular
those where offenders make use of new technologies, in
order to propose guidance to its Parties to fight them more
efficiently.
■ In order to fight the flow of xenophobic and intolerant
messages inundating cyberspace, the Council of Europe has
launched the No Hate Speech Movement, which aims to
help young people and youth organisations recognise and
act against such human rights abuses. A recommendation
COUNCIL OF EUROPE
SAFEGUARDING
HUMAN RIGHTS
ONTHE NET
The Council of Europe is the continent’s
leading human rights organisation.
It comprises 47 member states, 28 of which
are members of the European Union.
All Council of Europe member states have signed
up to the European Convention on Human Rights,
a treaty designed to protect human rights,
democracy and the rule of law.
The European Court of Human Rights
oversees the implementation of the
Convention in the member states.
For further information:
www.coe.int/internet
ENG
Human rights,
democracy
and rule of law
PREMS083716–©CouncilofEurope–Photograph:shutterstock
issued by the Council of Europe´s anti-racism body ECRI
contains guidelines for states on how to prevent hate speech,
including online, support those targeted by it, and deal with
its consequences.
FIGHTING
gender stereotypes
■ The Internet plays an essential role in shaping our
conception of the world, and gender stereotypes are as present
online as they are offline.The Council of Europe is committed to
promoting gender equality on the Internet and to combating
gender stereotypes in the media, and has adopted a number
of policy recommendations in this field.
■ The Istanbul Convention addresses violence against
women, including the role of the communication technologies
sector and the media in contributing to the prevention of
violence and enhancing respect for women and girls.
Programme Office in Bucharest, Romania, that supports
countries worldwide through capacity building programmes
such as the GLACY project on Global Action on Cybercrime.
■ The Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism also
covers the virtual world, asking states to establish criminal
offences for public provocation to commit a terrorist offence,
recruitment and training of terrorists. An additional protocol
contains measures to tackle the so-called “foreign terrorist
fighters.”
■ The Council of Europe has adopted the first international
treaty on the counterfeiting of medical products and similar
crimes involving threats to public health, the MEDICRIME
Convention, which aims to stop the sale of counterfeit
medicines, both offline and online.
■ The Pompidou Group, the Council of Europe’s group
of experts on drugs’ policy, are working to curb drug sales
and deliveries via encrypted Internet platforms.
EMPOWERINGANDPROTECTING
children and young people
■ The Internet is a great tool for children and young
people to learn, communicate and enjoy their free time.
To help children understand the Internet and acquire the
necessary skills to become digital citizens, the Council of
Europe has developed, for example, the online educational
game Through the Wild Web Woods, an Internet literacy
handbook and a tablet application to empower children,
parents and educators in making full and safe use of the
potential of ICT and digital media.
■ The use of the Internet to harm children sexually is a
serious concern.The Council of Europe Lanzarote Convention
criminalises the sexual exploitation and abuse of children,
including the use of new technologies to abuse them, for
example by adults soliciting children in chat rooms or online
game sites for sexual purposes.
■ The Lanzarote Committee is currently analysing trends
in sexual exploitation and abuse of children, in particular
those where offenders make use of new technologies, in
order to propose guidance to its Parties to fight them more
efficiently.
■ In order to fight the flow of xenophobic and intolerant
messages inundating cyberspace, the Council of Europe has
launched the No Hate Speech Movement, which aims to
help young people and youth organisations recognise and
act against such human rights abuses. A recommendation
COUNCIL OF EUROPE
SAFEGUARDING
HUMAN RIGHTS
ONTHE NET
The Council of Europe is the continent’s
leading human rights organisation.
It comprises 47 member states, 28 of which
are members of the European Union.
All Council of Europe member states have signed
up to the European Convention on Human Rights,
a treaty designed to protect human rights,
democracy and the rule of law.
The European Court of Human Rights
oversees the implementation of the
Convention in the member states.

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Council of Europe - Safeguarding Human Rights on the Net (2016)

  • 1. For further information: www.coe.int/internet ENG Human rights, democracy and rule of law PREMS083716–©CouncilofEurope–Photograph:shutterstock issued by the Council of Europe´s anti-racism body ECRI contains guidelines for states on how to prevent hate speech, including online, support those targeted by it, and deal with its consequences. FIGHTING gender stereotypes ■ The Internet plays an essential role in shaping our conception of the world, and gender stereotypes are as present online as they are offline.The Council of Europe is committed to promoting gender equality on the Internet and to combating gender stereotypes in the media, and has adopted a number of policy recommendations in this field. ■ The Istanbul Convention addresses violence against women, including the role of the communication technologies sector and the media in contributing to the prevention of violence and enhancing respect for women and girls. Programme Office in Bucharest, Romania, that supports countries worldwide through capacity building programmes such as the GLACY project on Global Action on Cybercrime. ■ The Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism also covers the virtual world, asking states to establish criminal offences for public provocation to commit a terrorist offence, recruitment and training of terrorists. An additional protocol contains measures to tackle the so-called “foreign terrorist fighters.” ■ The Council of Europe has adopted the first international treaty on the counterfeiting of medical products and similar crimes involving threats to public health, the MEDICRIME Convention, which aims to stop the sale of counterfeit medicines, both offline and online. ■ The Pompidou Group, the Council of Europe’s group of experts on drugs’ policy, are working to curb drug sales and deliveries via encrypted Internet platforms. EMPOWERINGANDPROTECTING children and young people ■ The Internet is a great tool for children and young people to learn, communicate and enjoy their free time. To help children understand the Internet and acquire the necessary skills to become digital citizens, the Council of Europe has developed, for example, the online educational game Through the Wild Web Woods, an Internet literacy handbook and a tablet application to empower children, parents and educators in making full and safe use of the potential of ICT and digital media. ■ The use of the Internet to harm children sexually is a serious concern.The Council of Europe Lanzarote Convention criminalises the sexual exploitation and abuse of children, including the use of new technologies to abuse them, for example by adults soliciting children in chat rooms or online game sites for sexual purposes. ■ The Lanzarote Committee is currently analysing trends in sexual exploitation and abuse of children, in particular those where offenders make use of new technologies, in order to propose guidance to its Parties to fight them more efficiently. ■ In order to fight the flow of xenophobic and intolerant messages inundating cyberspace, the Council of Europe has launched the No Hate Speech Movement, which aims to help young people and youth organisations recognise and act against such human rights abuses. A recommendation COUNCIL OF EUROPE SAFEGUARDING HUMAN RIGHTS ONTHE NET The Council of Europe is the continent’s leading human rights organisation. It comprises 47 member states, 28 of which are members of the European Union. All Council of Europe member states have signed up to the European Convention on Human Rights, a treaty designed to protect human rights, democracy and the rule of law. The European Court of Human Rights oversees the implementation of the Convention in the member states.
  • 2. SAFEGUARDING HUMAN RIGHTS online ■ The Internet has radically transformed the way we access information and communicate - creating new opportunities for strengthening democracy. Unfortunately it can also be used to restrict human rights and to commit crimes. ■ Revelations on mass online surveillance and regular reports on abuses of the rights to privacy and free expression clearly show the need to effectively protect human rights on the net. ■ The Council of Europe works with governments, the private sector, civil society and other actors to shape the Internet as a safe and open environment where freedom of expression, freedom of assembly and association, diversity, culture and education can flourish. In line with its overall mission, the ultimate aim of its Internet-related action is to protect and promote human rights, democracy and the rule of law. INTERNATIONAL LAW with people at the centre ■ InEuropethekeypillarfortheprotectionofhumanrights istheEuropeanConventiononHumanRights,whichisbinding for all Council of Europe member states. The Strasbourg Court, whichrulesonapplicationsallegingviolationsoftheConvention, has already delivered landmark judgments concerning the online environment. ■ In order to address the challenges to human rights on the Internet,theCouncilofEuropecreatesinternationaltreatiesand issues policy recommendations to its member states to guide them when developing national legislation. It also co-operates with Internet companies, such as search engines and social networks, to help them develop self-regulation tools. ■ People‘srightsshouldbeatthecoreofallInternetpolicies. ThisprincipleinspirestheworkplannedbytheCouncilofEurope in its Internet Governance strategy for 2016-2019. During this period, the Organisation will continue to promote its Guide to humanrightsforInternetusers, which aims to help users know their rights and what to do when they are challenged. ■ CommittedtotheideathattheInternetshouldbegoverned throughdialogueandco-operationbetweenallInternetactors, theCouncilofEuropesupportstheInternetGovernanceForum (IGF) and the European Dialogue on Internet Governance (EuroDIG). It is also an observer to the Governmental Advisory Committee(GAC)oftheInternetCorporationforAssignedNames and Numbers (ICANN). ENSURING ACCESS to the Internet ■ People rely on the Internet to obtain information, communicate and associate with each other, and for many everyday activities. They have a legitimate expectation that the Internet will be up and running, and are entitled to enjoy affordable and safe access to the net. ■ The Internet is of critical value for democracy.The Council of Europe recognises and promotes the public service value of theInternet,andencouragesitsmemberstatestoensureequal accessforeveryone.Itisalsoworkingonthepromotionofdigital educationandculture,forexamplebypromotingtheexchange of best practices on the digitalisation of culture. ■ MakingtheInternetmoreaccessiblecanhelppeoplewith disabilities,theunderprivilegedandtheelderlytoconnectmore easily with the world – from voting to buying goods. A number of Council of Europe recommendations aim to improve the participation of disabled people in public life, increase their educationalopportunities,andinvolvetheminthedevelopment of new technologies adapted to their needs. DEFENDING FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION: ■ The Council of Europe works with governments and other authorities, journalists, civil society and the private sector to ensure that the right to freedom of expression is guaranteed to everyone both offline and online. ■ The Organisation has issued guidelines to its member states to make sure that any restrictions to freedom of expression, such as through Internet blocking and filtering, comply with Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Council of Europe policies also promote network neutrality, the global free flow of information on the Internet and the universality and integrity of the Internet’s infrastructure. ■ The Council of Europe has created a platform through which media freedom NGOs can report challenges to the safety of journalists and media freedom, and restrictions of freedom of expression on the Internet.The information collected is used to trigger responses by Council of Europe´s bodies and to engage in a dialogue with the authorities concerned to address them. ■ Through his annual reports on the State of Human Rights in Europe, the Council of Europe Secretary General plays an increasingly active role to assess the protection of freedom of expression in the 47 member states. ■ Aiming to strengthen states’commitment to apply the Council of Europe’s freedom of expression standards, in 2016 the Organisation has adopted recommendations on network neutrality, the safety of journalists and Internet freedom. It has developed Internet freedom indicators that states can use to assess their compliance with these standards. ■ The Council of Europe has also elaborated a comparative study on the laws and practices on blocking, filtering and removal of Internet illegal content in its 47 member states. PROTECTINGPRIVACY and personal data ■ The Internet has changed how we handle personal data and share personal information with others, creating opportunities, but also risks. ■ Article 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights upholds the right to respect for private life. Another treaty, the Council of Europe data protection convention (Convention 108), safeguards individuals’right to the protection of their personal data.This convention, which is the sole international treaty in this field, is being updated to ensure that its data protection principles are still in line with today’s needs. ■ The Internet knows no borders, and Convention 108, which is open to any country in the world, has the potential to become a global standard. FIGHTINGCRIME on the web ■ With the Internet, new types of crimes have emerged that require specific criminal law responses. ■ The Budapest Convention on Cybercrime lays out a criminal justice framework to guide state policies in this field. It prescribes the minimum legal standards necessary for states to prosecute cybercriminals and tackle child pornography. It also contains safeguards for individuals’ rights when authorities secure electronic evidence for criminal justice purposes. ■ An additional Protocol criminalises racist and xenophobic acts committed through computer systems.The treaty is backed up the Cybercrime Convention Committee that monitors its implementation and a Cybercrime
  • 3. SAFEGUARDING HUMAN RIGHTS online ■ The Internet has radically transformed the way we access information and communicate - creating new opportunities for strengthening democracy. Unfortunately it can also be used to restrict human rights and to commit crimes. ■ Revelations on mass online surveillance and regular reports on abuses of the rights to privacy and free expression clearly show the need to effectively protect human rights on the net. ■ The Council of Europe works with governments, the private sector, civil society and other actors to shape the Internet as a safe and open environment where freedom of expression, freedom of assembly and association, diversity, culture and education can flourish. In line with its overall mission, the ultimate aim of its Internet-related action is to protect and promote human rights, democracy and the rule of law. INTERNATIONAL LAW with people at the centre ■ InEuropethekeypillarfortheprotectionofhumanrights istheEuropeanConventiononHumanRights,whichisbinding for all Council of Europe member states. The Strasbourg Court, whichrulesonapplicationsallegingviolationsoftheConvention, has already delivered landmark judgments concerning the online environment. ■ In order to address the challenges to human rights on the Internet,theCouncilofEuropecreatesinternationaltreatiesand issues policy recommendations to its member states to guide them when developing national legislation. It also co-operates with Internet companies, such as search engines and social networks, to help them develop self-regulation tools. ■ People‘srightsshouldbeatthecoreofallInternetpolicies. ThisprincipleinspirestheworkplannedbytheCouncilofEurope in its Internet Governance strategy for 2016-2019. During this period, the Organisation will continue to promote its Guide to humanrightsforInternetusers, which aims to help users know their rights and what to do when they are challenged. ■ CommittedtotheideathattheInternetshouldbegoverned throughdialogueandco-operationbetweenallInternetactors, theCouncilofEuropesupportstheInternetGovernanceForum (IGF) and the European Dialogue on Internet Governance (EuroDIG). It is also an observer to the Governmental Advisory Committee(GAC)oftheInternetCorporationforAssignedNames and Numbers (ICANN). ENSURING ACCESS to the Internet ■ People rely on the Internet to obtain information, communicate and associate with each other, and for many everyday activities. They have a legitimate expectation that the Internet will be up and running, and are entitled to enjoy affordable and safe access to the net. ■ The Internet is of critical value for democracy.The Council of Europe recognises and promotes the public service value of theInternet,andencouragesitsmemberstatestoensureequal accessforeveryone.Itisalsoworkingonthepromotionofdigital educationandculture,forexamplebypromotingtheexchange of best practices on the digitalisation of culture. ■ MakingtheInternetmoreaccessiblecanhelppeoplewith disabilities,theunderprivilegedandtheelderlytoconnectmore easily with the world – from voting to buying goods. A number of Council of Europe recommendations aim to improve the participation of disabled people in public life, increase their educationalopportunities,andinvolvetheminthedevelopment of new technologies adapted to their needs. DEFENDING FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION: ■ The Council of Europe works with governments and other authorities, journalists, civil society and the private sector to ensure that the right to freedom of expression is guaranteed to everyone both offline and online. ■ The Organisation has issued guidelines to its member states to make sure that any restrictions to freedom of expression, such as through Internet blocking and filtering, comply with Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Council of Europe policies also promote network neutrality, the global free flow of information on the Internet and the universality and integrity of the Internet’s infrastructure. ■ The Council of Europe has created a platform through which media freedom NGOs can report challenges to the safety of journalists and media freedom, and restrictions of freedom of expression on the Internet.The information collected is used to trigger responses by Council of Europe´s bodies and to engage in a dialogue with the authorities concerned to address them. ■ Through his annual reports on the State of Human Rights in Europe, the Council of Europe Secretary General plays an increasingly active role to assess the protection of freedom of expression in the 47 member states. ■ Aiming to strengthen states’commitment to apply the Council of Europe’s freedom of expression standards, in 2016 the Organisation has adopted recommendations on network neutrality, the safety of journalists and Internet freedom. It has developed Internet freedom indicators that states can use to assess their compliance with these standards. ■ The Council of Europe has also elaborated a comparative study on the laws and practices on blocking, filtering and removal of Internet illegal content in its 47 member states. PROTECTINGPRIVACY and personal data ■ The Internet has changed how we handle personal data and share personal information with others, creating opportunities, but also risks. ■ Article 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights upholds the right to respect for private life. Another treaty, the Council of Europe data protection convention (Convention 108), safeguards individuals’right to the protection of their personal data.This convention, which is the sole international treaty in this field, is being updated to ensure that its data protection principles are still in line with today’s needs. ■ The Internet knows no borders, and Convention 108, which is open to any country in the world, has the potential to become a global standard. FIGHTINGCRIME on the web ■ With the Internet, new types of crimes have emerged that require specific criminal law responses. ■ The Budapest Convention on Cybercrime lays out a criminal justice framework to guide state policies in this field. It prescribes the minimum legal standards necessary for states to prosecute cybercriminals and tackle child pornography. It also contains safeguards for individuals’ rights when authorities secure electronic evidence for criminal justice purposes. ■ An additional Protocol criminalises racist and xenophobic acts committed through computer systems.The treaty is backed up the Cybercrime Convention Committee that monitors its implementation and a Cybercrime
  • 4. SAFEGUARDING HUMAN RIGHTS online ■ The Internet has radically transformed the way we access information and communicate - creating new opportunities for strengthening democracy. Unfortunately it can also be used to restrict human rights and to commit crimes. ■ Revelations on mass online surveillance and regular reports on abuses of the rights to privacy and free expression clearly show the need to effectively protect human rights on the net. ■ The Council of Europe works with governments, the private sector, civil society and other actors to shape the Internet as a safe and open environment where freedom of expression, freedom of assembly and association, diversity, culture and education can flourish. In line with its overall mission, the ultimate aim of its Internet-related action is to protect and promote human rights, democracy and the rule of law. INTERNATIONAL LAW with people at the centre ■ InEuropethekeypillarfortheprotectionofhumanrights istheEuropeanConventiononHumanRights,whichisbinding for all Council of Europe member states. The Strasbourg Court, whichrulesonapplicationsallegingviolationsoftheConvention, has already delivered landmark judgments concerning the online environment. ■ In order to address the challenges to human rights on the Internet,theCouncilofEuropecreatesinternationaltreatiesand issues policy recommendations to its member states to guide them when developing national legislation. It also co-operates with Internet companies, such as search engines and social networks, to help them develop self-regulation tools. ■ People‘srightsshouldbeatthecoreofallInternetpolicies. ThisprincipleinspirestheworkplannedbytheCouncilofEurope in its Internet Governance strategy for 2016-2019. During this period, the Organisation will continue to promote its Guide to humanrightsforInternetusers, which aims to help users know their rights and what to do when they are challenged. ■ CommittedtotheideathattheInternetshouldbegoverned throughdialogueandco-operationbetweenallInternetactors, theCouncilofEuropesupportstheInternetGovernanceForum (IGF) and the European Dialogue on Internet Governance (EuroDIG). It is also an observer to the Governmental Advisory Committee(GAC)oftheInternetCorporationforAssignedNames and Numbers (ICANN). ENSURING ACCESS to the Internet ■ People rely on the Internet to obtain information, communicate and associate with each other, and for many everyday activities. They have a legitimate expectation that the Internet will be up and running, and are entitled to enjoy affordable and safe access to the net. ■ The Internet is of critical value for democracy.The Council of Europe recognises and promotes the public service value of theInternet,andencouragesitsmemberstatestoensureequal accessforeveryone.Itisalsoworkingonthepromotionofdigital educationandculture,forexamplebypromotingtheexchange of best practices on the digitalisation of culture. ■ MakingtheInternetmoreaccessiblecanhelppeoplewith disabilities,theunderprivilegedandtheelderlytoconnectmore easily with the world – from voting to buying goods. A number of Council of Europe recommendations aim to improve the participation of disabled people in public life, increase their educationalopportunities,andinvolvetheminthedevelopment of new technologies adapted to their needs. DEFENDING FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION: ■ The Council of Europe works with governments and other authorities, journalists, civil society and the private sector to ensure that the right to freedom of expression is guaranteed to everyone both offline and online. ■ The Organisation has issued guidelines to its member states to make sure that any restrictions to freedom of expression, such as through Internet blocking and filtering, comply with Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Council of Europe policies also promote network neutrality, the global free flow of information on the Internet and the universality and integrity of the Internet’s infrastructure. ■ The Council of Europe has created a platform through which media freedom NGOs can report challenges to the safety of journalists and media freedom, and restrictions of freedom of expression on the Internet.The information collected is used to trigger responses by Council of Europe´s bodies and to engage in a dialogue with the authorities concerned to address them. ■ Through his annual reports on the State of Human Rights in Europe, the Council of Europe Secretary General plays an increasingly active role to assess the protection of freedom of expression in the 47 member states. ■ Aiming to strengthen states’commitment to apply the Council of Europe’s freedom of expression standards, in 2016 the Organisation has adopted recommendations on network neutrality, the safety of journalists and Internet freedom. It has developed Internet freedom indicators that states can use to assess their compliance with these standards. ■ The Council of Europe has also elaborated a comparative study on the laws and practices on blocking, filtering and removal of Internet illegal content in its 47 member states. PROTECTINGPRIVACY and personal data ■ The Internet has changed how we handle personal data and share personal information with others, creating opportunities, but also risks. ■ Article 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights upholds the right to respect for private life. Another treaty, the Council of Europe data protection convention (Convention 108), safeguards individuals’right to the protection of their personal data.This convention, which is the sole international treaty in this field, is being updated to ensure that its data protection principles are still in line with today’s needs. ■ The Internet knows no borders, and Convention 108, which is open to any country in the world, has the potential to become a global standard. FIGHTINGCRIME on the web ■ With the Internet, new types of crimes have emerged that require specific criminal law responses. ■ The Budapest Convention on Cybercrime lays out a criminal justice framework to guide state policies in this field. It prescribes the minimum legal standards necessary for states to prosecute cybercriminals and tackle child pornography. It also contains safeguards for individuals’ rights when authorities secure electronic evidence for criminal justice purposes. ■ An additional Protocol criminalises racist and xenophobic acts committed through computer systems.The treaty is backed up the Cybercrime Convention Committee that monitors its implementation and a Cybercrime
  • 5. For further information: www.coe.int/internet ENG Human rights, democracy and rule of law PREMS083716–©CouncilofEurope–Photograph:shutterstock issued by the Council of Europe´s anti-racism body ECRI contains guidelines for states on how to prevent hate speech, including online, support those targeted by it, and deal with its consequences. FIGHTING gender stereotypes ■ The Internet plays an essential role in shaping our conception of the world, and gender stereotypes are as present online as they are offline.The Council of Europe is committed to promoting gender equality on the Internet and to combating gender stereotypes in the media, and has adopted a number of policy recommendations in this field. ■ The Istanbul Convention addresses violence against women, including the role of the communication technologies sector and the media in contributing to the prevention of violence and enhancing respect for women and girls. Programme Office in Bucharest, Romania, that supports countries worldwide through capacity building programmes such as the GLACY project on Global Action on Cybercrime. ■ The Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism also covers the virtual world, asking states to establish criminal offences for public provocation to commit a terrorist offence, recruitment and training of terrorists. An additional protocol contains measures to tackle the so-called “foreign terrorist fighters.” ■ The Council of Europe has adopted the first international treaty on the counterfeiting of medical products and similar crimes involving threats to public health, the MEDICRIME Convention, which aims to stop the sale of counterfeit medicines, both offline and online. ■ The Pompidou Group, the Council of Europe’s group of experts on drugs’ policy, are working to curb drug sales and deliveries via encrypted Internet platforms. EMPOWERINGANDPROTECTING children and young people ■ The Internet is a great tool for children and young people to learn, communicate and enjoy their free time. To help children understand the Internet and acquire the necessary skills to become digital citizens, the Council of Europe has developed, for example, the online educational game Through the Wild Web Woods, an Internet literacy handbook and a tablet application to empower children, parents and educators in making full and safe use of the potential of ICT and digital media. ■ The use of the Internet to harm children sexually is a serious concern.The Council of Europe Lanzarote Convention criminalises the sexual exploitation and abuse of children, including the use of new technologies to abuse them, for example by adults soliciting children in chat rooms or online game sites for sexual purposes. ■ The Lanzarote Committee is currently analysing trends in sexual exploitation and abuse of children, in particular those where offenders make use of new technologies, in order to propose guidance to its Parties to fight them more efficiently. ■ In order to fight the flow of xenophobic and intolerant messages inundating cyberspace, the Council of Europe has launched the No Hate Speech Movement, which aims to help young people and youth organisations recognise and act against such human rights abuses. A recommendation COUNCIL OF EUROPE SAFEGUARDING HUMAN RIGHTS ONTHE NET The Council of Europe is the continent’s leading human rights organisation. It comprises 47 member states, 28 of which are members of the European Union. All Council of Europe member states have signed up to the European Convention on Human Rights, a treaty designed to protect human rights, democracy and the rule of law. The European Court of Human Rights oversees the implementation of the Convention in the member states.
  • 6. For further information: www.coe.int/internet ENG Human rights, democracy and rule of law PREMS083716–©CouncilofEurope–Photograph:shutterstock issued by the Council of Europe´s anti-racism body ECRI contains guidelines for states on how to prevent hate speech, including online, support those targeted by it, and deal with its consequences. FIGHTING gender stereotypes ■ The Internet plays an essential role in shaping our conception of the world, and gender stereotypes are as present online as they are offline.The Council of Europe is committed to promoting gender equality on the Internet and to combating gender stereotypes in the media, and has adopted a number of policy recommendations in this field. ■ The Istanbul Convention addresses violence against women, including the role of the communication technologies sector and the media in contributing to the prevention of violence and enhancing respect for women and girls. Programme Office in Bucharest, Romania, that supports countries worldwide through capacity building programmes such as the GLACY project on Global Action on Cybercrime. ■ The Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism also covers the virtual world, asking states to establish criminal offences for public provocation to commit a terrorist offence, recruitment and training of terrorists. An additional protocol contains measures to tackle the so-called “foreign terrorist fighters.” ■ The Council of Europe has adopted the first international treaty on the counterfeiting of medical products and similar crimes involving threats to public health, the MEDICRIME Convention, which aims to stop the sale of counterfeit medicines, both offline and online. ■ The Pompidou Group, the Council of Europe’s group of experts on drugs’ policy, are working to curb drug sales and deliveries via encrypted Internet platforms. EMPOWERINGANDPROTECTING children and young people ■ The Internet is a great tool for children and young people to learn, communicate and enjoy their free time. To help children understand the Internet and acquire the necessary skills to become digital citizens, the Council of Europe has developed, for example, the online educational game Through the Wild Web Woods, an Internet literacy handbook and a tablet application to empower children, parents and educators in making full and safe use of the potential of ICT and digital media. ■ The use of the Internet to harm children sexually is a serious concern.The Council of Europe Lanzarote Convention criminalises the sexual exploitation and abuse of children, including the use of new technologies to abuse them, for example by adults soliciting children in chat rooms or online game sites for sexual purposes. ■ The Lanzarote Committee is currently analysing trends in sexual exploitation and abuse of children, in particular those where offenders make use of new technologies, in order to propose guidance to its Parties to fight them more efficiently. ■ In order to fight the flow of xenophobic and intolerant messages inundating cyberspace, the Council of Europe has launched the No Hate Speech Movement, which aims to help young people and youth organisations recognise and act against such human rights abuses. A recommendation COUNCIL OF EUROPE SAFEGUARDING HUMAN RIGHTS ONTHE NET The Council of Europe is the continent’s leading human rights organisation. It comprises 47 member states, 28 of which are members of the European Union. All Council of Europe member states have signed up to the European Convention on Human Rights, a treaty designed to protect human rights, democracy and the rule of law. The European Court of Human Rights oversees the implementation of the Convention in the member states.