The document discusses medications used in poultry practice to prevent and treat avian diseases. It describes the aims of medications as the treatment of diseases, prevention of disease, improvement of performance, and anti-stress medication. It also provides definitions for terms like antibiotics, semi-synthetic antibiotics, and antibacterial agents. Finally, it notes that antibiotics and antibacterial agents can be classified based on their spectrum of activity, mode of action, absorption, and excretion.

1. Medications
Medication is one of the most important veterinary tools that are used massively in poultry practice to
prevent and control avian diseases.
Aim of Medications
1-Treatment of serious treatable diseases.
Treatable avian diseases including: PD, fowl typhoid, fowl paratyphoid, arizonosis, Closterdial
diseases, FC, infectious serositis, spirochetosis, CCRD, IC, coccidiosis, histomoniasis,
trichomoniasis, avian malaria, aegeptenellosis and thrush.
2-Prevention of disease.
-Uses of antibiotics in chicken & turkeys to reduce the effect of mycoplasmosis.
-Uses of different anticoccidial drugs to prevent or reduce of coccidiosis.
-Uses of different anti-closterdial drugs to prevent necrotic enteritis, ulcerative enteritis and
gangrenous dermatitis.
-Use of the different anti-mycotoxins drugs to prevent or reduce of the different types of mycotoxins.
3-Improvement of performance.
-The use of certain antibiotics as Virginamycin and Flavomycin in feeds to improve weight gain,
decrease the feed conversion rate and increase the feed efficiency and egg production.
-The use of probiotics as Saccharomyces cervisae and Lactobacillus acidophilus in feed to improve
the weight gain, feed efficiency and egg production.
4-Anti-stress medication.
Stressors include transportation, handling, high ambient temperature, post-vaccinations, extreme cold,
severe chronic parasitism & crowding. Anti-stress medication is applied before, during or after the
period of stress to reduce the possible effects of infections resulting from reduced resistance. This
medication includes multivitamins + amino acids + minerals + antibiotics as tetracycline.
Such medication helps to over come or reduce the stress especiallywhere sub-optimal nutrition is present.
‫واﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬
‫واﻟﻄﯿﻮر‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺼﯿﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮاض‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫أھﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬.
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻔﺎت‬:
١-‫ﻣﻀﺎد‬‫ات‬‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬Antibiotic:‫ھ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻣﯿﻜﺮوﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺮز‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬‫ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬‫ﻀﺎدات‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫وﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬ ‫أﺧﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻜﺮوﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻂ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﺘﻞ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺴﯿﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬‫اﻟﺒﻨ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬Penicillins‫ﺴﯿﻔﺎﻟﻮﺳﺒﻮروﻧﺎت‬‫واﻟ‬Cephalosporins‫ﯿﺪات‬‫واﻷﻣﯿﻨﻮﺟﻠﯿﻜﻮﺳ‬Aminoglycosoides
‫ﯿﻜﻠﯿﺘﻮﻟﺰ‬ ‫واﻷﻣﯿﻨﻮﺳ‬Aminocyclytoles‫ﺪات‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺎﻛﺮوﻟﯿ‬Macrolides‫ﯿﻜﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺘﺮاﺳ‬Tetracyclines‫ﺪات‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺘﯿ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺒ‬
Polypeptides‫اﻟﻜﻠﻮراﻣﯿﻔﯿﻨﻜﻮل‬ ‫وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬Chloramephenicol group.
Antibiotic: A chemical substance produced by microorganism to kill or inhibit the growth of another
microorganism as penicillins, aminoglycosoides, aminocyclytoles and cephalosporin.
٢-‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﺨﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﺼﻒ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾ‬ ‫ﻀﺎدات‬‫ﻣ‬synthetic antibiotics-Semi:‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﺾ‬‫ﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﯾﻮﺟ‬‫ﺪﯾﻞ‬‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾ‬ ‫ﻀﺎدات‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮاع‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾ‬ ‫ﻀﺎدات‬ ‫ﺑﻤ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻲ‬ ‫وﺗ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرﻣﺎﻛﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿ‬ ‫ﺼﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋ‬ ‫ﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫وﺗﺤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺒﯿ‬ ‫ﺼﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋ‬Semi-
synthetic antibiotics‫اﻷﻣﯿﻨﻮﺑﻨﺴﯿﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫وﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬"‫واﻷﻣﻮﻛﺴﯿﺴﯿﻠﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺒﯿﺴﻠﯿﻦ‬"‫واﻟﻜﻠﯿﻨﺪاﻣﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬.
Semi-synthetic antibiotic: An antibiotic that is modulated in the laboratory as aminopenicillin and
clindamycine.
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2. ٣-‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾ‬ ‫ﻀﺎدات‬‫ﻣ‬bacterial-Anti:‫ﻀﺎدات‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺸﻤﻞ‬ ‫وﺗ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺮوﺑ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧﻤ‬ ‫ﺒﻂ‬‫ﺗﺜ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﺘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌﻤﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻘﮭ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿ‬ ‫ﻮاد‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ھ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾ‬‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﻛ‬‫ﺴﻠﻔﺎ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒ‬Sulfonamides‫واﻟﻜﯿﻨﻮﻟ‬‫ﻮن‬Quinolones‫ﻮران‬ ‫اﻟﻨﯿﺘﺮﻓﯿ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫وﻣﺮﻛﺒ‬Nitrofurans‫ﺎت‬ ‫وﻣﺮﻛﺒ‬
‫اﻷﯾﻤﯿﺪازول‬Imidazoles"‫اﻟﻤﯿﺘﺮﻧﯿﺪازول‬."
Antibacterial agent: A chemical substance is synthesized in the laboratory kill or inhibit the growth
of microorganism as quinolones, nitromidazole and sulfa drugs.
‫واﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ‬:
‫ﺪواﺋﻲ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻒ‬‫اﻟﻄﯿ‬ ‫ﺸﻤﻞ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻋﻮاﻣ‬ ‫ﺪة‬‫ﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﺒﻌ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﻒ‬‫ﺗ‬Spectrum of activity‫ﺪواﺋﻲ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫واﻟﻔﻌ‬Action‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﻌﻠﮭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫وﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿ‬Mode of
action‫وأﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﮭﺎ‬Absorption‫وأﺧﺮاﺟﮭﺎ‬Excretion.
‫أوﻻ‬:‫اﻟﺪواﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﯿﻔﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ‬:
‫واﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎدات‬‫اﻟﺪواﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﯿﻒ‬ ‫واﺳﻌﺔ‬
Broad spectrum
‫واﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎدات‬‫اﻟﺪواﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﺿﯿﻘﺔ‬
Narrow spectrum
‫اﻷﻣﯿﻨﻮﺑﻨﯿﺴﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬‫اﻷﻣﯿﻨﻮﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﺘﻮﻟﺰ‬"‫اﻻﺑﺮاﻣﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬&‫اﻷﺳﺒﻜﺘﯿﻨﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬"
‫ﺳﯿﻔﺎﻟﻮﺳﺒﻮروﻧﺎت‬‫اﻷﻣﯿﻨﻮﺟﻠﯿﻜﻮﺳﯿﺪات‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻮراﻣﯿﻔﯿﻨﻜﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟﻤﺎﻛﺮوﻟﯿﺪات‬
‫اﻟﺘﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬‫اﻟﻠﯿﻨﻜﻮﺳﺎﻣﯿﺪات‬
‫ﺳﻠﻔﺎ‬+‫اﻟﺘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﺜﻮﺑﺮﯾﻢ‬‫ﺑﺒﺘﯿﺪات‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻟﯿﻨﻜﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬+‫ﺳﺒﻜﺘﯿﻨﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻜﯿﻨﻮﻟﯿﻨﺎت‬---
‫ﺿ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﯿﻒ‬ ‫واﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮط‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺒﯿﻜﺘﯿﻨﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫واﻟﻠﯿﻨﻜﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﺜﻮﺑﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻂ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ھﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ‬‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﺿﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻟﯿﻂ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎ‬.
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬:‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ‬‫واﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫إﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻌﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﺎ‬:
‫واﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎدات‬‫ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺗﻠﺔ‬
Bactericidal
‫واﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎدات‬‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺒﻄﺔ‬‫ﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬
Bacteriosatatic
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬
Immune independent Abs
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪة‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬Immune
dependant Abs
‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬Concentration
dependant
‫اﻟﻤﻌ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻃﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪه‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺪة‬
Duration dependant
‫ﯾﻨﺴﯿﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬‫اﻷﻣﯿﻨﻮﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﺘﻮﻟﺰ‬"‫اﻻﺑﺮاﻣﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬&‫اﻷﺳﺒﻜﺘﯿﻨﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬"
‫ﺳﯿﻔﺎﻟﻮﺳﺒﻮروﻧﺎت‬‫اﻟﺘﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬
‫أﻣﯿﻨﻮﺟﻠﯿﻜﻮﺳﯿﺪات‬‫اﻟﻤﺎﻛﺮوﻟﯿﺪات‬
‫ﺑﺒﺘﯿﺪات‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬"‫واﻟﺒﺎﺳﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬"‫اﻟﻠﯿﻨﻜﻮﺳﺎﻣﯿﺪات‬
‫اﻟﻜﯿﻨﻮﻟﯿﻨﺎت‬‫اﻟﻜﻠﻮراﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬‫ﯿﻔﯿﻨﻜﻮل‬
‫ﺳﻠﻔﺎ‬+‫اﻟﺘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﺜﻮﺑﺮﯾﻢ‬‫اﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬
‫ﻟﯿﻨﻜﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬+‫ﺳﺒﻜﺘﯿﻨﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬--
‫اﻟﺘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﺜﻮﺑﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻂ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ھﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ﺧﻠﻂ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻗﺎﺗ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮط‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺒﯿﻜﺘﯿﻨﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﯿﻨﻜﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺒ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻟﯿﻂ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬‫ﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻂ‬.
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬Bactericidal‫أﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻄﻠﻖ‬:
‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺪه‬‫ﻣﻌﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬Immune independent Abs‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻮاء‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎءة‬‫ﺑﻜﻔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﮭ‬ ‫ﺆدي‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫أﻧﮭ‬ ‫أى‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫أم‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺪة‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬...‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﻄﻠﻖ‬‫أﯾﻀﺎ‬‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾ‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪة‬Concentration dependant‫ﻰ‬‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺒﻀﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﮫ‬Pulse dose‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻌﻄﯿﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫أرﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻮم‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﺎء‬ ‫أي‬.
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3. ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫ﺜﺒﻄﺔ‬‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬Bacteriosatatic‫أﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻄﻠﻖ‬:
‫ﻣﻌﺘ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺪه‬‫ﺔ‬Immune dependant Abs‫أي‬‫ﺔ‬‫وﻓﻌﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺪة‬‫ﺟﯿ‬ ‫ﻮر‬‫ﻟﻠﻄﯿ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻔﺎءة‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫أﻧﮭﺎ‬
‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭ‬ ‫ﻖ‬‫وﯾﻄﻠ‬‫ﻀﺎ‬‫أﯾ‬‫ﺪ‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺪة‬‫ﻣﻌﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾ‬ ‫ﻀﺎدات‬‫ﻣ‬‫ة‬‫اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺎﻃﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌ‬Duration dependant‫ﺪة‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻃﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎءﺗﮭ‬ ‫ﺰداد‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫أي‬
‫أﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ‬.
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬:‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ‬‫إﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬:
١-‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻨﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﻄﻤﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺪار‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬:‫وﻷﻣﯿﻨﻮﺑﻨﺴﯿﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻨﺴﯿﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬"‫اﻷﻣﺒﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬
‫واﻷﻣﻮﻛﺴﯿﺴﯿﻠﻠﯿﻦ‬"‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎﻟﻮﺳﺒﻮرﯾﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫واﻟﺠﯿﻞ‬"‫وﺳﯿﻔﺎﻟﻜﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻔﺮادﯾﻦ‬"‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎﻟﻮﺳﺒﻮرﯾﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﯿﻞ‬"‫ﺳﯿﻔﺎﺗﺮﻛﺴﯿﻞ‬"
‫و‬‫اﻟﺴﻔﺎﻟﻮﺳﺒﻮرﯾﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﯿﻞ‬"‫ﺻﻮدﯾﻮم‬ ‫ﺳﻔﺘﯿﻔﯿﻮر‬-‫ﺳﯿﻔﻮﺗﺎﻛﺴ‬‫ﺻﻮدﯾﻮم‬ ‫ﯿﻢ‬–‫ﺻﻮدﯾﻮم‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻔﻮﺑﯿﺮازون‬"‫و‬‫اﻟﺒﺎﺳﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻦ‬.
٢-‫ﻧﻔﺎذﯾ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫ﺘﮫ‬‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻔﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﺆدي‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬:‫ﺳﻠﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬.
٣-‫اﻟﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫اﻟﺠﺰئ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺮوﺑﻲ‬ ‫وﺗﯿﻦ‬٣٠‫اس‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠﺮﯾﺒﻮزوم‬)Mature side(
‫ﻛﺎﻷﻣﯿﻨﻮﺟﻠﯿﻜﻮﺳﯿﺪات‬.
٤-‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺮوﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻂ‬‫اﻟﺠﺰئ‬٣٠‫اﻟﺮﯾﺒﻮزوم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اس‬)Elongated side(‫وﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬
‫اﻷﻣﯿﻨﻮﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﺘﻮﻟﺰ‬"‫اﻻﺑﺮاﻣﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬&‫اﻷﺳﺒﻜﺘﯿﻨﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬"‫واﻟﺘﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿ‬‫ﻨﺎت‬.
٥-‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺮوﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺜﺒﻂ‬‫اﻟﺠﺰئ‬٥٠‫اﻟﺮﯾﺒﻮزوم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أس‬(‫وﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬‫اﻟﻤﺎﻛﺮوﻟﯿﺪات‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪواﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫أﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻮراﻣﻔﯿﻨﯿﻜﻮل‬ ‫وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﯿﺎﻣﻮﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﻠﯿﻨﻜﻮﺳﺎﻣﯿﺪات‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰئ‬٣٠‫أ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﯾﺒﻮزوم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أس‬‫اﻟﺠﺰئ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﺮﻋﺎت‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫أﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬٥٠‫اﻟﺮﯾﺒﻮزوم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أس‬.
٦-‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺮوﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻂ‬‫اﻟﺠﺰئ‬٧٠‫أس‬‫اﻟﺮﯾﺒﻮزوم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻛﺎﻟﺮﯾﻔﺎﻣﺒﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬.
٧-‫اﻟﺠﯿﺮﯾﺰ‬ ‫إﻧﺰﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫ﻛﺎﻟﻜﯿﻨﻮﻟﻮﻧﺎت‬.
٨-‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫اﻟـ‬DNA‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮي‬‫ﻛﺎﻟﻤﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺪازول‬"‫اﻟﻜﻮﻟﺴﺘﺮدﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻜﺮوب‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺆﺧﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﻼھﻮاﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫دوﻛﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺮﻛﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة‬ ‫اﻟﻨﯿﺘﺮو‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺨﺘﺰل‬Ferredoxin‫ﯾﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺘﻮﺑﻼزم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد‬
‫د‬ ‫ﻟـ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬.‫ن‬.‫أ‬DNA Helical structure‫ﻓﯿ‬‫ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮوﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎض‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻊ‬."
‫راﺑﻌﺎ‬-‫إﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻷﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻒ‬:
١-‫اﻷﻣﻌﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺘﺺ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬:‫اﻟﻜﻠﻮراﻣﻔﯿﻨﻜﻮل‬ ‫وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻠﯿﻨﻜﻮﺳﺎﻣﯿﺪات‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺎﻛﺮوﻟﯿﺪات‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫اﻷﻣﯿﻨﻮﺑﻨﯿﺴﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬
‫واﻟﻤﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺪازول‬ ‫واﻟﻜﯿﻨﻮﻟﯿﻨﺎت‬‫اﻟﺴﻠﻔ‬ ‫وﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬‫واﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎﻛﻠﻮزﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎﺟﻮاﻧﯿﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺪا‬ ‫ﺎ‬"‫ﻛﻠﻮروﺑﯿﺮازﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎ‬".
٢-‫اﻷﻣﻌﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺘﺺ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬:‫واﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎﻛﻠﻮزﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎﺟﻮاﻧﯿﺪﯾﻦ‬"‫ﻛﻠﻮروﺑﯿﺮازﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎ‬"‫واﻷﻣﯿﻨﻮﺟﻠﯿﻜﻮﺳﯿﺪات‬"‫ﺗﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﺮﺣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻮي‬ ‫اﻷﻟﺘﮭﺎب‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺮﺑﺘﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪا‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬"‫وا‬‫ﺑﺒﺘﯿﺪات‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻷﻣﯿﻨﻮﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﺘﻮﻟﺰ‬"‫اﻟﻜﻮﻟﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫واﻟﺒﺎﺳﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻦ‬"‫و‬‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫أﺑﺪا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻔﺎﻟﻮﺳﺒﻮرﯾﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﯿﻞ‬ ‫أﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬.
‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬:‫إﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻷﺧﺮاﺟﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻒ‬:
١-‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺨﺮج‬‫ﻊ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮاز‬:‫اﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎﺟﻮاﻧﯿﺪﯾﻦ‬‫واﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎﻛﻠﻮزﯾﻦ‬"‫ﻛﻠﻮروﺑﯿﺮازﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎ‬"‫واﻷﻣﯿﻨﻮﺟﻠﯿﻜﻮﺳﯿﺪات‬"‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﺮﺣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻮي‬ ‫اﻷﻟﺘﮭﺎب‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺮﺑﺘﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪا‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬"‫ﺑﺒﺘﯿﺪات‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫واﻷﻣﯿﻨﻮﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﺘﻮﻟﺰ‬"‫اﻟﻜﻮﻟﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫واﻟﺒﺎﺳﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻦ‬"‫اﻟﺴﯿﻔﺎﻟﻮﺳﺒﻮرﯾ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﯿﻞ‬ ‫أﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬ ‫ﻨﺎت‬.
٢-‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺮج‬‫اﻟﺒﻮل‬:‫ﻛﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺨﺮج‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻮﻛﺴﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫وﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮة‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺨﺮج‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺒﯿﺴﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮل‬
‫ﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺨﺮج‬ ‫ﺻﻮدﯾﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻔﻮﺑﯿﺮازون‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺪا‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻔﺎﻟﻮﺳﺒﻮرﯾﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﯿﻞ‬ ‫أﻓﺮاد‬ ‫وﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮل‬‫وﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫واﻟﺘﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬‫اﻟﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮة‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺮج‬.
٣-‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫ﺗﺨﺮج‬‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬:‫اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮة‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺮج‬ ‫واﻟﻠﯿﻨﻜﻮﺳﺎﻣﯿﺪات‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﻛﺮوﻟﯿﺪات‬
‫واﻷﻣﺒﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬.
٤-‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫ﺗﺨﺮج‬‫اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬:‫اﻟﺘﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻜ‬‫ﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬‫اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺮج‬ ‫واﻟﻠﯿﻨﻜﻮﺳﺎﻣﯿﺪات‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺎﻛﺮوﻟﯿﺪات‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺮج‬
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4. ‫ﺳﺎدﺳﺎ‬:‫ﻟﻌﺎﺋﻼﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻒ‬:
‫أوﻻ‬-‫اﻟﺒﻨﺴﯿﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬Penicillins:
‫واﻻﻣﻮﻛﺴﺴﯿﻠﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫واﻻﻣﺒﺴﻠﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮوﻛﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺴﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫وھﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬ ‫ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻄﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬.
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫ﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫وﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻘﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺒﻨﺴﻠﯿﻦ‬
)‫اﻟﻄﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﺿﯿﻖ‬(
‫ﻛﻞ‬١‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬
‫ﯾﺴﺎوي‬١٦٧٠
‫دوﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬ ‫أﻟﻒ‬.
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮم‬‫ﺟﺪار‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻄﯿﻢ‬
‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻓﮭﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻨﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻨﻊ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺘﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻞ‬.
‫اﻟﻄﯿﻮر‬ ‫زھﺮي‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬
Spirochetosis
‫أﻣﺎ‬‫ﻣﯿﺜﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﯿﻨﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺴﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬"‫اﻟﺒﻨﺴﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻤﻲ‬"‫ﻟﻌﻼج‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻮي‬ ‫اﻷﻟﺘﮭﺎب‬
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻜﺮزي‬NE
٢٠-٣٠‫و‬ ‫أﻟﻒ‬.‫د‬
‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬‫زن‬
‫ﺣ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺤﻘﻦ‬
‫اﻟ‬‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻌﻀﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬.
‫ﺑﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺴﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺤﻠﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪي‬ ‫اﻟﮭﯿﺪوﻛﻠﻮرﯾﻚ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺾ‬HCl
‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬
‫ﻣﯿﺜﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﯿﻨﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺪا‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬
‫اﻟﻔﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺴﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺴﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬Ospen
‫ﺿﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺴﯿﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻮ‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎء‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﻄﯿﻒ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬.
‫اﻷﻣﺒﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬
‫أﻣﯿﻨﻮﺑﻨﺴﯿﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻄﯿﻒ‬ ‫واﺳﻊ‬.
//
‫اﻷﻟﺘﮭﺎب‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻼج‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫اﻟﻨﺨﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻮي‬
"‫اﻟﺘﻨﻜﺮزي‬"Necrotic
enteritis "N.E"
٢٠-٤٠
‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬
‫و‬.‫ح‬/١٢
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬/٣-٤‫أﯾﺎم‬.
‫ﯾ‬‫اﻟﺒﺎﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪورة‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﺪور‬
Entero-hepatic circulation
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‬ ‫إﺧﺮاﺟﮫ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬"‫ﻧﺸﺎط‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻮي‬Gut active"
-‫اﻟﻤﻤﺘﺼﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬.
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫اﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺎﺛﺮ‬
‫واﻷﻣﻌﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪة‬.
‫ﺳﯿﻠﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
‫أﻣﯿﻨﻮﺑﻨﺴﯿﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻄﯿﻒ‬ ‫واﺳﻊ‬.
//
‫أﻣﺮاض‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤ‬‫واﻟﻜﻮﻟﺴﺘﺮدﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻮﻧﯿﻼ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻜﺮزﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻮﯾﺔ‬
‫أواﻟﻨﺨﺮﯾﺔ‬.
٢٠-٤٠
‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬
‫ﺣﻲ‬/١٢
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬/٣-٤‫أﯾﺎم‬.
‫اﻟﺒﺎﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪورة‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﯾﺪور‬ ‫ﻻ‬
Entero-hepatic circulation
‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻃﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻮل‬ ‫إﺧﺮاﺟﮫ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬
Systemic activity‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﺘﺼﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬
‫واﺣ‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬.
‫واﻷﻣﻮﻛﺴﯿﺴﯿﻠﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺒﯿﺴﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬:
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬ ‫أوﺟﮫ‬‫اﻷﻣﺒﯿﺴﻠﯿﻦ‬‫ﺳﯿﻠﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
‫اﻷﻣﺘﺼﺎص‬‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬"‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻲ‬٥٠"%‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬"‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫أﻗﻞ‬٨٥"%
‫أﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﺮ‬‫ﮫ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬‫ﺑﺸﺪة‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬‫ﻧﮭﺎﺋﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬.
‫اﻷﺧﺮاج‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻮل‬ ‫وﻗﻠﯿﻼ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺳﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‬.‫اﻟﺒ‬‫ﻮل‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻟﺪورة‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪوﯾﺮ‬ ‫أﻋﺎدة‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎﺑﯿﺔ‬Entero-hepatic
circulation
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‬‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺸﺎط‬Gut activity‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻮﻟﺴﺘﺮدﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻠﯿﺔ‬‫أﻓﻀﻞ‬‫اﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﻗﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺸﺎط‬Systemic activity‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻮﻻي‬ ‫اﻷي‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻠﯿﺔ‬
‫وا‬‫ﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻮﻧﯿﻼ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﻗﻞ‬‫أﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺊ‬"‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺤﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮه‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬
‫اﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫اﻷھﻠﯿﺠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻤﻮت‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮوي‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬"
‫ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬"‫ﺗﺘﺤﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮه‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬
‫اﻟﻜﺮوي‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻤﻮت‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬"
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5. ‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬-‫اﻟ‬‫ﺴﯿﻔﺎﻟﻮﺳﺒﻮرﯾﻨﺎت‬Cephalosporins
‫وھﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬ ‫ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻄﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬‫ﺻﻮدﯾﻮم‬ ‫وﺳﯿﻔﺘﻔﯿﻮر‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻔﺮادﯾﻦ‬‫ﺻﻮدﯾﻮم‬ ‫وﺳﯿﻔﻮﺗﺎﻛﺴﯿﻢ‬.
‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫وﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬‫ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻘﺎت‬
‫ﺳﯿﻔﺮادﯾﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺪار‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻄﯿﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻨﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻊ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺘﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻮ‬ ‫ﺬا‬.
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻮﻧﯿﻼ‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬
‫اﻟﻨﺨﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﻮﻟﺴﺘﺮدﯾﺎ‬.
٢٠‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬/١٢
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬/٣-٤‫أﯾﺎم‬.
‫وﯾ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺲ‬‫ﺨﻠﻂ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺗﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻣﺎن‬ ‫أﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬ ‫أي‬.
‫ﺳﯿﻔﺎﺗﺮﻛﺴﯿﻞ‬
‫ﺻﻮدﯾﻮم‬
//
‫أﻣﺮاض‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬
‫واﻷي‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻮﻧﯿﻼ‬
‫ﻛﻮﻻي‬.
١٠‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬‫زن‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﺣﻘﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻓ‬‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫ﻲ‬.
‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬ ‫أى‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻻﯾﺨﻠﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺢ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺮﺑﺘﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬&
‫ﺟﻨﺘﺎﻣﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬
‫و‬‫ﺳﺒﻜﺘﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬.
‫ﺳﯿﻔﺘﻔﯿﻮر‬
‫ﺻﻮدﯾﻮم‬
//‫اﻟﺴﯿﻔﺎﺗﺮﻛﺴﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
٢‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫زن‬‫ﺣﻘﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﻔﻆ‬
‫ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬٨‫درﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺌﻮﯾﺔ‬.
‫ﺳﯿﻔﻮﺗﺎﻛﺴﯿﻢ‬
‫ﺻﻮدﯾﻮم‬
//‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬‫اﻟﺴﯿﻔﺎﺗﺮﻛﺴﯿﻞ‬
١٠‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫زن‬‫ﺣﻘﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.
‫ﺳﯿﻔﺎﺗﺮﻛﺴﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺳﯿﻔﻮﺑﯿﺮازون‬
‫ﺻﻮدﯾﻮم‬
//‫اﻟﺴﯿﻔﺎﺗﺮﻛﺴﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
١٠‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫زن‬‫ﺣﻘﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.
‫اﻟﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺨﺮج‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎ‬.
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬-‫اﻷﻣﯿﻨﻮﺟﻠﯿ‬‫ﻜﻮﺳﯿﺪات‬
‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫وﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻘﺎت‬
-‫ﻛﻮﻻي‬ ‫اﻷي‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬
‫واﻟﺒﺎﺳﺘﺮﯾﻼ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻮﻧﯿﻼ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻨﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﯾﻤﺮﯾﻼ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻀﻞ‬.
‫ﺳﺘﺮﺑﺘﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬
"‫ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻞ‬"
‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﯾﺜﺒﻂ‬
‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺮوﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺰئ‬‫اﻟﺮﯾﺒﻮزوم‬
٣٠‫أس‬
Mature side)(
‫ﻗﺎﺗﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬.
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻮى‬ ‫اﻻﻟﺘﮭﺎب‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬
‫اﻟﺘ‬‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻘﺮﺣﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬.
١٠٠-١٥٠‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫وزن‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬.
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﯿﻨﺪاﻣﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﻤﺎ‬
‫أﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻮﻟﺴﺘﺮدﯾﺎ‬.
‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺒﺮول‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﻮﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻼح‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻟﺴﺘﺮدﯾﺎ‬.
‫ﺟﻨﺘﺎﻣﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬//
-‫ﻛﻮﻻي‬ ‫اﻷي‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬
‫واﻟﺒﺎﺳﺘﺮﯾﻼ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻮﻧﯿﻼ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻨﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﯾﻤﺮﯾﻼ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻀﻞ‬.
٥‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫زن‬
‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬.
----
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻣﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬
//‫اﻟﺠﻨﺘﺎﻣﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
١٠‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬.‫ﺣﻘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ح‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻀﻞ‬.
---
‫أﻣ‬‫ﯿﻜﺎﺳﯿﻦ‬
//‫اﻟﺠﻨﺘﺎﻣﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
١٠‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬.‫ﺣﻘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ح‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻀﻞ‬.
--
‫ﻧﯿﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬//
‫اﻟﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﮭﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬
‫اﻟﻄﯿﻮر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﯿﺔ‬.
١٠‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬.‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ح‬
‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬٣‫أﯾﺎم‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﺘﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬‫ﺑﻤﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬‫و‬‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﯾﺮاﻋﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬‫ة‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺘﺄﺛﯿ‬‫ﺮه‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻠﻮرا‬.
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6. ‫راﺑﻌﺎ‬-‫اﻷﻣﯿﻨﻮﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﺘﻮﻟﺰ‬
‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫وﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻘﺎت‬
‫ﺳﺒﻜﺘﯿﻨﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺮوﺗﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻂ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺜﺒﯿﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺮوب‬
‫ﺟﺰئ‬‫اﻟﺮﯾﺒﻮزوم‬٣٠
‫أس‬"Elongated
end"‫ﻣﺜﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬.
-‫ﻛﻮﻻي‬ ‫اﻷي‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬
‫واﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻮﻧ‬‫واﻟﺒﺎﺳﺘﺮﯾﻼ‬ ‫ﯿﻼ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻨﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﯾﻤﺮﯾﻼ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻀﻞ‬.
٣٠‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫ﺣﻘﻦ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﯿﻦ‬
‫ﯾﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬.
‫اﻟﻠﻨﻜﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬
‫واﻟﻜﻠﻨﺪاﻣﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬
‫أﺑﺮاﻣﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬‫اﻻﺳﺒﻜﺘﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬‫اﻻﺳﺒﻜﺘﯿﻨﻮﻣﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
٢٠‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫ﺣﻘﻦ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﯿﻦ‬
‫ﯾﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬.
‫اﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺪث‬‫ﺳﮭﺎﻻت‬
‫و‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻘﻮﻧﮫ‬‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﻼح‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬-‫اﻟﺘﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬
‫ﺰئ‬‫اﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﯿﻂ‬‫ﺗﺜﺒ‬ ‫ﻖ‬‫ﻃﺮﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺮوﺑ‬ ‫ﺮوﺗﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺜﺒﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬٣٠‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫أس‬
‫اﻟﺮﯾﺒﻮزوم‬"Elongated end"‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﺮﻋﺎت‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ‬ ‫أذا‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬‫اﻟﺠﺰئ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫أﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫أﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺠﺪ‬٥٠‫أس‬
‫أﻃﻼﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺔاﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﻛﺮوﻟﯿﺪات‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬ ‫وﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﯾﺒﻮزوم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬.
‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫وﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬‫ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻘﺎت‬
‫ﺗﺘﺮﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫أوﻛﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﻂ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺮوﺑﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰئ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﻂ‬٣٠‫أس‬
‫ﻟﻠﺮﯾﺒﻮزوم‬
"Elongated end"
‫ﻣﺜﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬.
‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮﻟﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬
‫واﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻮﻧﯿﻼ‬
‫واﻟﻜﻮﻟﯿﺮا‬‫و‬‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﯾﻜﻮﺑﻼزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬.
٤٠-٥٠‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻲ‬٣
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫أﯾﺎم‬.
١٠‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻨﺎ‬‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻀﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬.
١-‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻼح‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻤﺨﻠﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻓﺆ‬.
٢-‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﻂ‬ ‫أﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬.
٢-‫ﯾﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰئ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬٥٠‫ﻟﻠﺮﯾﺒﻮزوم‬.
٣-‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﻛﺮوﻟﯿﺪات‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬.
‫ﻛﻠﻮروﺗﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﻦ‬////
٥٠‫ﻣﻠﺠ‬‫ﻢ‬/‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬٣‫أﯾﺎم‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬.
‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻷوﻛﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮫ‬ ‫أﻗﻞ‬ ‫أﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﮫ‬
‫ﻣﻨﮫ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻮي‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎط‬.
‫ﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫دوﻛﺴﻲ‬//
‫أﻣﺮاض‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮﻟﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬
‫واﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻮﻧﯿﻼ‬
‫واﻟﻜﻮﻟﯿﺮا‬‫و‬‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﯾﻜﻮﺑﻼزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬.
١٠-‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬٣‫أﯾﺎم‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬.
‫اﻷوﻛﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬ ‫ذو‬
‫واﻟﻜﻠﻮرﺗﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﻦ‬.
٢-‫اﻷﻣﻼح‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺨﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﯿﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻓﺆ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬.
-‫ﯾﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫واﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﻛﺮوﻟﯿﺪات‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬.
‫ﻓﻤﯿ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺘﺮاﺳﻜﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎص‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺐ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓﺎرﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺌ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬‫اﻟﮭﻀﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻣﺘﺼﺎص‬ ‫ﻮﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟـﻤـﺎدة‬
‫ﺿﻌﯿﻔﺔ‬٣٠%Chlortetracycline
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬٦٠‫ـ‬٨٠%Oxytetracycline
‫ﺟﯿﺪة‬٩٠‫ـ‬١٠٠%Doxycycline
‫ﺳﺎدﺳﺎ‬-‫اﻟﻤﺎﻛﺮوﻟﯿﺪات‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻷﺧﯿﺮة‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬
‫اﻻﻣﯿﻨﻮﺑﻨﯿﺴﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫أﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺪث‬.
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7. ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫وﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻘﺎت‬
‫اﻷرﯾﺜﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰئ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬
٥٠‫اﻟﺮﯾﺒﻮزوم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﯾﻜﻮﺑﻼزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬
‫واﻷﺳ‬‫ﺘﺎﻓﯿﻠﻮﻛﻮﻛﺲ‬
‫واﻷﺳﺘﺮﺑﺘﻮﻛﻮﻛﺲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫وﻟﮫ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻮﻟﺴﺘﺮدﯾﺎ‬.
٢٠‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬
‫ﺣﻲ‬/١٢‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬/٣‫أﯾﺎم‬
‫وﻻﯾﺤﻘﻦ‬
---
‫اﻟﺘﺎﯾﻠﻮزﯾﻦ‬
‫اﻷرﺛﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬.‫اﻷرﺛﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬.
٥٠‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬
‫ﺣﻲ‬/١٢‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬٣‫أﯾﺎم‬
‫وﻻﯾﺤﻘﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬.
‫أﻣﻼح‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬:
-‫ﺑﻤ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻃﺮات‬‫ﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬.
-‫ﺣﻘﻨﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﺛﯿﻮﺛﯿﺎﻧﯿﺖ‬
‫وأﻟﻐ‬‫ﻲ‬.
-‫اﻟﻌﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺳﻔﺎت‬.
‫اﻟﺘﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬.
‫ﺳﺒﯿﺮاﻣﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬//‫اﻷرﺛﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬.١٢٨٠٠٠‫وﺣﺪه‬---
‫ﺟﻮزاﻣﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬
//
‫اﻷرﺛﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬.
٩‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫وﺣﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﻠﯿﻮن‬
‫ﺣﻘﻨﮫ‬
---
‫ﻛﯿﺘﺎﺳﺎﻣﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬//‫اﻷرﺛﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬.٥٠‫ﻻﯾﺤﻘﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻢ‬---
‫اﻟﺘﻠﻤﯿﻜﻮزﯾﻦ‬//‫اﻷرﺛﺮوﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬.---
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬-‫اﻟﻠﯿﻨﻜﻮﺳﺎﻣﯿﺪات‬
‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫وﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻘﺎت‬
‫ﻟﯿﻨﻜﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰئ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬٥٠
‫اﻟﺮﯾﺒﻮزوم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬.
‫ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻟﺴﺘﺮدﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬
‫واﻟﻤﺎﯾﻜﻮﺑﻼز‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫وﻟﻜﻨﮫ‬
‫أ‬‫ﻗﻮي‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﻮﺑﻼزﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻨﺪاﻣﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬
١٥‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬٣‫أﯾﺎم‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬.
‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫اﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺎﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻤﺲ‬ ‫وﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮه‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻨﺪا‬
‫ﻛﻠﯿﻨﺪاﻣﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﻠﯿﻨﻜﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻼج‬‫ا‬‫ﻟﻜﻮﻟﺴﺘﺮدﯾﺎ‬
‫واﻷﺳﺘﺎﻓﯿﻠﻮﻛﻮﻛﺲ‬
‫وﻟﮫ‬ ‫واﻷﺳﺘﺮﺑﺘﻮﻛﻮﻛﺲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﯾ‬‫ﻜﻮﺑﻼزﻣﺎ‬.
١٥‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬٣‫أﯾﺎم‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬..
‫اﻟﺘﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬.
‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫اﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﮫ‬ ‫ﻻﯾﺘﺎﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺪه‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎو‬
‫ﺛﺎﻣﻨﺎ‬-‫اﻟﻜﻠﻮراﻣﻔﯿﻨﯿﻜﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫وﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬‫ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻘﺎت‬
‫ﻛﻠﻮراﻣﻔﯿﻨﻜﻮل‬
‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﻂ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻖ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰئ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬
٥٠‫اﻟﺮﯾﺒﻮزوم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أس‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬.
‫ﻛﻮﻻي‬ ‫اﻷي‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬
‫واﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻮﻧﯿﻼ‬
‫واﻟﻜﻮﻟﯿﺮا‬
‫واﻟﻜﻮرﯾﺰا‬
١٠-١٥‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬٣‫أﯾﺎم‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬.
١-‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺮﺑﺘﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬.
٢-‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬
‫أﻧﯿ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺪث‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬‫ﺧﺒﯿﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﯿﺎ‬.
٣-‫اﻟﺠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻨﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻔﺎﻟﻮﺳﺒﻮرﯾﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺸﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﺪوﺳﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻮرﻓﯿﻨﯿﻜﻮل‬‫اﻟﻜﻠﻮراﻣﻔﯿﻨﯿﻜﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬//٣٠‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬١٢‫ﺳﺎﻋﮫ‬٣‫اﯾﺎم‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫اى‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺲ‬
‫ﺟﺮوب‬ ‫اﻻﻣﯿﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺰع‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻻﻧﮫ‬.
‫ﺛﯿﺎﻣﻔﯿﻨﯿﻜﻮل‬‫اﻟﻜﻠﻮراﻣﻔﯿﻨﯿﻜﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬//‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬‫ﻨﺎﻋ‬‫ﺔ‬
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8. ‫ﺗﺎﺳﻌﺎ‬-‫ﺑﺒﺘﯿﺪات‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫وﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬‫ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻘﺎت‬
‫ﻛﻮﻟﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻏﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺎذﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺰﯾﺪ‬
‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺆدي‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﻔﺠﺎر‬
‫وﺗﺤﻄﯿﻤﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬.
‫اﻷﯾﻜﻮﻻي‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬
‫واﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻮﻧﯿﻼ‬)‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻌﺎء‬.(
٢٠-٣٠‫دوﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬ ‫أﻟﻒ‬
‫ﻛﺠ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬.
١-‫اﻷﻣﻌﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﺘﺺ‬ ‫ﻻ‬.
٢-‫اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﯾﺪ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻦ‬ ‫اذا‬.‫ﻣﻌﺎدل‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻤﻮم‬‫اﻟﺠﺮام‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻜﺘﺮﯾﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﯿﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻨﺴﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫اﻷﻟﺘﮭﺎب‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬
‫اﻟﻨﺨﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻮي‬.
‫واﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻠﺤﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬
Bacitracin methylene
disalycilate "BMD"
‫ﻋﺎﺷﺮا‬-‫اﻟ‬‫ﻜﯿﻨﻮﻟﯿﻨﺎت‬:‫وھﻤـــﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻢ‬:
‫آ‬-‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﺠﯿﻞ‬:‫وﯾﻀﻢ‬)‫ﻮﯾﻦ‬‫ﻓﻠﻮﻣﻮﻛ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﯿﺪ‬‫أﺳ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻟﯿﻨﻚ‬‫أوﻛ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﯿﺪ‬‫أﺳ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻟﺪﯾﻜﺴﯿﻚ‬(‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﮭ‬ ‫ﻀﺎف‬‫وﯾ‬)‫ﺪﯾﻚ‬‫ﺑﺎﯾﺮوﻣﯿ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﯿﺪ‬‫أﺳ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﻚ‬‫ﺑﺎﯾﺒﯿﻤﯿ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺳﯿﻦ‬‫ﺳﯿﻨﻮﻛ‬
‫أﺳﯿﺪ‬(‫اﻻﺧﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻄﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﯿﺮة‬ ‫وھﺬه‬-‫اﻻوﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫إﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﺎ‬ ‫أﺳﺮع‬.
‫ب‬‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﺠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ـ‬‫ﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬:‫وﯾﻀﻢ‬)‫ﺳﯿﺒﺮوﻓﻠﻮﻛﺴﺎﺳﯿﻦ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫أﻧﺮوﻓﻠﻮﻛﺴﺎﺳﯿﻦ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﻧﻮرﻓﻠﻮﻛﺴﺎﺳﯿﻦ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫داﻧﻮﻓﻠﻮﻛﺴﺎﺳﯿﻦ‬.(
‫و‬‫ﺟﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﯾﺮاﻋﻰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻻﻧﮭ‬ ‫ﻮب‬‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫اﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺂ‬‫ﻧﮭﺎﺋﯿ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺳﯿﻦ‬‫واﻟﺒﯿﻔﻠﻮﻛ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺳﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﻨﻮروﻓﻠﻮﻛ‬ ‫وﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﯿﻨﻮﻟﻮﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫أي‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟـ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﯿﺰ‬Biphasic action of Quinolones‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺆدي‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫واﻟﺬي‬‫ﺚ‬‫ﺣﯿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﺮﯾ‬ ‫ﻀﺎدات‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﺟﻤﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎذة‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺤﻮل‬Cidal‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻲ‬Static.
‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫وﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬‫ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻘﺎت‬
‫اﻧﺮوﻓﻠﻮﻛﺴﺎﻛﺴﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺠﯿﺮﯾﺰ‬ ‫أﻧﺰﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﻂ‬
‫اﻟـ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺌﻮل‬
Super-helication
‫ا‬‫ﯾﺤﺪث‬ ‫ﻟﺬي‬‫ﺗﺼﻐﯿﺮ‬
DNA‫ﯾﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻨﻮاه‬
‫اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻤﻮﻧﯿﻼ‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬
‫واﻟﻜﻮﻟﯿﺮا‬ ‫واﻷﯾﻜﻮﻻي‬
‫وأﺛﺮه‬ ‫واﻟﻜﻮرﯾﺰا‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﯿﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﻮﺑﻼزﻣﺎ‬
١٢‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫ﻟﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬‫ة‬
٣-٥‫ﻣﺮﺗﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻨﮫ‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﯾﺎم‬
‫ﯾﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺘﯿﻦ‬
-‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺮﺑﺘﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬
-‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻟﺴﺒﺮوﻓﻠﻮﻛﺴﺎﺳﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬.
‫داﻧ‬‫ﻮﻓﻠﻮﻛﺴﺎﺳﯿﻦ‬////
٥‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬٤‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫أﯾﺎم‬.
--
‫ﻓﻠﻮﻛﺴﺎﺳﯿﻦ‬ ‫داى‬////
٥‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬٤‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫أﯾﺎم‬.
--
‫ﺳﺒﺮوﻓﻠﻮﻛﺴﺎﺳﯿﻦ‬////.
١٢‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬٤‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫أﯾﺎم‬.
‫أﯾﺾ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺗﺞ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬
‫اﻷﻧﺮوﻓﻠﻮﻛﺴﺎﺳﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻮر‬‫ﻓﻠﻮﻛﺴﺎﺳﯿﻦ‬////١٠‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬٣‫أﯾﺎم‬.
‫ﻧﺴﺒﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺤﻮل‬١٠٠%
‫ﺑﯿﻔﻠﻮﻛﺴﺎﺳﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‬-‫اﻷﯾﻤﯿﺪازول‬
‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫وﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬‫ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻘﺎت‬
‫ﻣﯿﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺪازول‬‫اﻟﯿﺠﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺪﺟﺎج‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮﻟﺴﺘﺮدﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬
‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻷﻛﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻤﺎن‬
‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎم‬‫اﻻﺳﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﺮاس‬ ‫ﻣﺮض‬
‫وھﻮاﻟﻮﺣﯿﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺮوﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻛﻠﻮﺳﺘﺮﯾﺪﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻌﻼج‬
‫اﻻراﻧﺐ‬
٣٠‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫ﻟﻤﺪه‬ ‫ﺣﻰ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬
٤‫اﻟﺤﻘﻨﻮﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮص‬ ‫وﻟﮫ‬ ‫اﯾﺎم‬
‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﻰ‬
-‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻜﻠﯿﻦ‬
‫واﻟﻤﯿﻜﺮوﻟﯿﺪات‬
‫واﻻﻣﯿﻨﻮﺟﻠﯿﻜﻮﺳﯿﺪات‬.
-‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫اﻟﻜﯿﻨﻮﻟﻮﻧﺎت‬
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9. ‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬
‫اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬:‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮات‬ ‫وھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫أھﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮات‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫وﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺮض‬ ‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬ ‫وﻓﯿﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻀﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻟﺪ‬:
١-‫ﺪﯾﻦ‬‫ﺑﺎﯾﺮﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ‬Pyridines:‫ﺪﯾﻦ‬‫ﻛﻮﯾ‬ ‫ﻀﺮ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻨﮭ‬Coyden‫ﻲ‬‫ھ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﮫ‬‫وﻣﺎدﺗ‬Clopidol‫ﺴﻮروزوﯾﺖ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺆﺛﺮ‬‫وﯾ‬
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ﮭﻮ‬‫ﺔ‬‫واﻟﺠﺮﻋ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫اﻷراﻧ‬ ‫ﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬‫ﻛﻮﻛ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺮا‬‫ﻛﺜﯿ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬‫وﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﯿﺌ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫اﻟﻄﻔﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪه‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫واﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ‫ﻂ‬‫ﻓﻘ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺪاري‬‫ﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺪﺟﺎج‬125‫ﺟﻢ‬/‫اﻷراﻧﺐ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﻦ‬٢٠٠‫ﺟﻢ‬/‫ﻃﻦ‬.
٢-‫ﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮﯾﻨﻮﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ‬inolonesQu:‫ـ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﮭ‬Buquinolate)Bonaid(‫و‬Decoquinate)Decox(‫و‬Nequinate
)Statul(‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﻔﯿ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫ﻮر‬ ‫اﻟﻄ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫وﺗ‬ ‫ﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﯿ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﮭ‬ ‫ﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺎء‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺼﺎص‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺘ‬ ‫ﻌﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﮭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎز‬ ‫وﺗﻤﺘ‬
)‫ﺒﻮروزوﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﺳ‬(‫ا‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫ﻟﮭ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﯿﻮﺑﮭ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫وﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻘ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫وﺗ‬‫ﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺤ‬ ‫ﻮاء‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻀﺮات‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬"‫ﺗﺼﺎﻟﺒﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬"‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺪة‬‫ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﺮات‬‫ﻓﺘ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮات‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬ ‫وﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺨﻠﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎن‬)‫اﻟﺘﻨﺎوﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬(‫اﻟﺘﺴﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬٣٠‫ﺟﻢ‬/‫ﻃﻦ‬.
٣-‫أﯾﻮﻧﻮﻓﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬antibioticIonospheresherPolyet:‫ﻲ‬‫وھ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫وأﻛﺜﺮھ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬‫اﻟﻜﻮﻛ‬ ‫ﻀﺎدات‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫أﻛﺜ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ‬‫ﺴﯿﺲ‬‫اﻛﺘﯿﻨﻮﻣﺎﯾ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻓﻄ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬Actinomycetes‫ﺴﺲ‬‫وﺳﺘﺮﺑﺘﻮﻣﺎﯾ‬Streptomyces spp‫ﻀﺎد‬‫ﻛﻤ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬‫وﯾ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻛﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬‫و‬‫ﯾﮭﺎﺟﻢ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮا‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪال‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻄﻌﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﻮن‬‫ﯾﻜ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﮫ‬ ‫وﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫وﯾﻘﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻮروزوﯾﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫أول‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪأ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪال‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻄﻌﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫أﺻﺎﺑﺘﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﯾﻤﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺪى‬
‫ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺎﺛﺮا‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺎﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬)‫واﻟﻤﯿﺮوزوﯾﺖ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﯿﺰوﯾﻨﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮوﻓﻮزوﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬(‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻌﺮف‬ ‫وﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ﻮن‬‫وﯾﻜ‬ ‫ﻮار‬‫اﻷﻃ‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ھ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺠﺴﻢ‬
‫ﻗﺼﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮھﺎ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻷﯾﻮﻧﻮﻓﻮر‬ ‫وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺘﺎﺟﮭﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺿﺪھﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫و‬‫ﺎج‬‫ﯾﺤﺘ‬ ‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺬﺑﺢ‬
‫ﻼل‬‫إﺧ‬ ‫ﺎس‬‫أﺳ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﯾﻮﻧﻮﻓﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﮭﺪھﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪوى‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺨﻠﺼﮫ‬ ‫ﻗﻮي‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻛﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎد‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺘﺎج‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫اﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪﻓﻊ‬‫ﻓﺘﻨ‬ ‫ﺪراﻧﮭﺎ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫وﯾﺘﮭﺘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻄﻔﯿﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺨﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﻮزي‬‫اﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﻮازن‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻓﯿﺨﺘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻄﻔﯿﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺨﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﺪران‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻼل‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫واﻟﻜﺎﯾﺘﻮﻧ‬ ‫اﻷﯾﻮﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ‬
‫ﻀﺒﻂ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭ‬ ‫ﺼﻮص‬‫اﻟﻤﻨ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺎت‬ ‫أﺗﺒﺎع‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬ ‫وﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺪود‬ ‫ﻟﻼﯾﻮﻧﻮﻓﻮر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﺟﺪ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﯿﻞ‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻮت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮاﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻧﻨﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫وﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ‬‫ﻛﻮﻛﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻀﺎدات‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﯾﻮﻧﻮﻓﻮر‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬ ‫وﻓﯿﻤﺎ‬:
-‫ﻣﻮﻧﻨﺴﯿﻦ‬Monensin:‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬١٠٠-١٢٠‫ﺟﻢ‬/‫اﻟﺴﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﯿﻮل‬ ‫وﺧﻄﺮاﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﻦ‬٢-٣‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬.
-‫ﻻﺳﺎﻟﻮﺳﯿﺪ‬Lasalocid:‫واﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬٧٥-١٢٥‫ﺟﻢ‬/‫اﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫وﻣﺪة‬ ‫ﻃﻦ‬٥‫أﯾﺎم‬.
-‫ﻧﺎراﺳﯿﻦ‬Narasin:‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬٧٠‫ﺟﻢ‬/‫اﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺪة‬ ‫ﻃﻦ‬٥‫أﯾﺎم‬.
-‫ﺳﺎﻟﯿﻨﻮﻣﺎﯾﺴﯿﻦ‬Salinomycin:‫ﺑﻤﻌﺪل‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬٦٠‫ﺟﻢ‬/‫اﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫وﻣﺪة‬ ‫ﻃﻦ‬٥‫أﯾﺎم‬.
‫ﻣﺎدﯾﻮراﻣﯿﺴﯿﻦ‬Medurimicin:‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬٥‫ﺟﻢ‬/‫اﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫وﻣﺪة‬ ‫ﻃﻦ‬٥‫أﯾﺎم‬.
٤-‫ھﺎﻟﻮﻓﻮﺟﯿﻨﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬Halofuginone:‫ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬‫وﯾ‬ ‫ﺒﻮروزوﯾﺖ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻟﻠﻄﻔﯿ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫ﻮر‬‫اﻟﻄ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫وﯾﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﯿﻨﺮول‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻲ‬‫وھ‬ َ‫ا‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻀﺔ‬‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋ‬ ‫ﺈن‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﯿﺘﮫ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫وﺣﺪود‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪال‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻄﻌﺎن‬ ‫وﻟﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻤﯿﻦ‬٣‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺪا‬‫ﺟﯿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﻠﻄﮭ‬ ‫ﺰم‬‫وﯾﻠ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫اﻟﻄ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺟ‬
‫ﺴﺤﺐ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺪة‬‫وﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻗﻠﯿﻠ‬ ‫ﮫ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫اﻟﻄﻔﯿ‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﮭﻠﻜﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﯿﻮر‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮط‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫وأﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻃﺎت‬٧
‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺮوﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﯾﺎم‬٥‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﯾﺎم‬‫اﻟﺘﺴﻤﯿﻦ‬.
٥-‫اﻟﺜﯿﺎﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬Thiamine antagonistsorPyrimidine:‫وﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬‫اﻷﻣﺒﺮوﻟﯿﻮم‬mproliuma‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﻋﺮف‬
١٩٦٠‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫زال‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻌﻮﯾ‬ ‫ﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬‫واﻟﻜﻮﻛ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻷﻋﻮرﯾ‬ ‫ﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬‫اﻟﻜﻮﻛ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻛﺒﯿ‬ ‫ﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﮫ‬‫وﻟ‬ ‫ﻌﯿﻔﺔ‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﮫ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫اﻟﻄﻔﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ‫ﻻن‬ ‫ﺮا‬‫ﻧﻈ‬ ‫ﻶن‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫وﯾﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻄﯿﺮ‬ ‫وﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ‬‫اﻟﻄﻔﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﯿﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ھﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮا‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻘﺪ‬ ‫وﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﯿﺎﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻞ‬ ‫إﯾﻘﺎف‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺮول‬
‫ﻟﻸﻣﺒﺮوﻟﯿﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﻔﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﯿﺎﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻤﺜﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎد‬ ‫وﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬٥٠‫اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ‬.
‫ﻛﻮﻛﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻀﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬)١٢٥‫ﺟﻢ‬/‫ﻃﻦ‬(‫ﺗﺆ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﻧﻔﺴﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﺮ‬‫و‬‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻛﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻀﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬١٢٥‫ﺟﻢ‬/‫ﻃﻦ‬
‫أﻣﺒﺮوﻟﯿﻮم‬+)٨‫اﯾﺜﻮﺑﺎﺑﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻢ‬/‫ﻋﻠﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﻦ‬(‫ﺑﺪﻻ‬ ‫وﻗﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﺑﺢ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺪة‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﮫ‬ ‫وﯾﻤﺘﺎز‬
‫ﺑﻤﻌﺪل‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬٦٥‫م‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬.‫ف‬/‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮة‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬١٢-١٤‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋ‬ ‫ﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺪال‬‫اﻻﺳ‬ ‫ﺎن‬‫ﻗﻄﻌ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﺳﺒﻮع‬
)١٢٥‫م‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬.‫ف‬/‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬(‫وﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻄﻰ‬٣-٤‫ﯾﺸﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺬﯾﻦ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻮرة‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻃﺎت‬ ‫ﯾﻤﺘﻠﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫وﯾﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫أﺳﺒﻮﻋﯿﺎ‬ ‫أﯾﺎم‬
‫اﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺬوب‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺒﺮول‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮا‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎد‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻌﻘﺎر‬ ‫وذوﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﺮﻋﺎت‬.
٦-‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ‬Dinitrobenzamides:‫ﺰواﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﮭ‬Zoalene)DOT(‫ﻮر‬ ‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫وھ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﯿﺌ‬ ‫ﺪه‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣ‬
‫واﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻼوة‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪال‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻄﻌﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫وﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺮوزوﯾﺖ‬١٢٥‫ﺟﻢ‬/‫اﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫وﻣﺪة‬ ‫ﻃﻦ‬٣‫أﯾﺎم‬.
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10. ٧-‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬Guanidine:‫ﺪﯾﻦ‬‫روﺑﻨ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬)Robenz,Cycostat(Robenidine‫ﺆﺛﺮ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫وھ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﯿﺌ‬ ‫ﺪه‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫اﻟﻄﻔﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫واﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣ‬
‫واﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺴﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪال‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫اﻟﺸﯿﺰوﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬٣٣‫ﺟﻢ‬/‫ﻋﻼﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﻦ‬‫اﻟﺪﺟﺎج‬‫و‬
٦٦‫ﺟﻢ‬/‫اﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫وﻣﺪة‬ ‫اﻷراﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﻦ‬٥‫اﻟﻠﺤﻢ‬ ‫ﻃﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮا‬ ‫أﯾﺎم‬.
٨-‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬desCarbanili:‫ﻧﻜﺎرﺑﺎزﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬Nicarbazin‫ﻦ‬‫ﯾﻤﻜ‬ ‫ﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺸﯿﺰوﻧﺖ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻲ‬‫اﻟﺜ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫اﻟﺠﯿ‬ ‫ﺎف‬‫ﻹﯾﻘ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬‫وﯾ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎرة‬ ‫اﻷﺟﻮاء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﯿﻮر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫إﺟﮭﺎد‬ ‫ھﻨﺎك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ووﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﯿﻞ‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺴﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪال‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﮫ‬
‫واﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬١٢٥‫ﺟﻢ‬/‫اﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫وﻣﺪة‬ ‫ﻃﻦ‬٥‫ا‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫أﯾﺎم‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﮫ‬‫اﻟﺪﺟﺎج‬‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎض‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎض‬.
٩-‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﻓﯿﺮان‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬Nitrofurans:‫ﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﮭ‬ ‫اﻷرﺑﻌﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫أواﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻮاق‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﮭﻮرھﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﯿﻮران‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮات‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬‫اﻟﻜﻮﻛ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟﺘﻮاﻟ‬ ‫ﻒ‬‫ﻣﻮﻗ‬…‫ﺸﯿﺰوﻧﺖ‬‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻲ‬‫اﻟﺜ‬ ‫ﻮر‬‫اﻟﻄ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮھ‬ ‫ﺪأ‬‫وﯾﺒ‬،،،‫اﻟﻤﺘﻜﻮﻧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫واﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋ‬‫ﺔ‬‫واﻟﺠﺮﻋ‬ ‫ﻌﯿﻔﺔ‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺪه‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫اﻟﻄﻔﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬٥٥-١١٠‫ﺟﻢ‬/‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮرة‬ ‫ھﻨﺎك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﺟﺪ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﻦ‬.
١٠-‫اﻟﺴﻠﻔﻮﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬Sulphonamide:‫ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺬي‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ھ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎﻛﯿﻨﻮﻛﺴﺎﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬ ‫أول‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬
‫ﺄﺛﯿ‬‫وﺗ‬ ‫ﺎء‬‫اﻷﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺼﺎص‬‫اﻻﻣﺘ‬ ‫ﻌﯿﻒ‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﮫ‬‫ﻷﻧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻮﻗﺎﯾ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻛﺜﯿ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺴﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬‫اﻟﻜﻮﻛ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻮاء‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻋﻼﺟ‬ ‫دور‬ ‫ﮫ‬‫وﻟ‬ ‫ﺎء‬‫اﻷﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﺮه‬
‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫واﻟﺠﺮﻋ‬ ‫ﺎء‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺬوب‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻷﻧﮭ‬ ‫ﻼج‬‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻟﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎﻛﯿﻨﻮﻛ‬ ‫ﻓﺄن‬ ‫وﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺮوﺑﺎت‬٠٫٥‫ﻢ‬‫ﺟ‬/‫ﺪﺟﺎج‬‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻟﺘ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺜﺎﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺎﯾﺮي‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺒﺮول‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﺮوﻣﻲ‬‫اﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎﻛﯿﻨﻮﻛﺴﺎﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻌﻤﻞ‬.
‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﯿﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﯿﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬:
١-‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﺪان‬ ‫ﻃﺎرادات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬.٢-‫اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﺣﯿﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﯿﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬.
‫أوﻻ‬-‫اﻟﺪﯾﺪان‬ ‫ﻃﺎردات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎدات‬Anthelmintics:
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫أﻛﺜ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺪان‬‫اﻟﺪﯾ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺗﺘﻄﻔ‬‫ﻼج‬‫ﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫أﺳﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﮫ‬‫ﺗﻮﺟ‬ ‫ﺪان‬‫ﻟﻠﺪﯾ‬ ‫ﺎردة‬‫واﻟﻄ‬ ‫ﻀﺎدة‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻷدوﯾ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻓﻤﻌﻈ‬ ‫ﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺪواﺟﻦ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻄﻔﻠﮭ‬
‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻨﮭ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﺪان‬ ‫ﻃﺎردات‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻌﺮض‬ ‫وﺳﻮف‬ ‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺪﯾﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬:
١-‫ﺑﻨﺰاﻣﯿﺪازول‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬Benzimidazoles:‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ‬‫ﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ‬‫اﻹﺳ‬ ‫ﺪان‬‫اﻟﺪﯾ‬Nematodes‫ﺸﺮﯾﻄﯿﺔ‬‫واﻟ‬Cestodes‫واﻟ‬‫ﺎﺗﻮدا‬‫ﺘﺮﯾﻤ‬
Trematodes‫وﺗ‬‫أﻓﺮادھﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫وﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮھﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺎز‬‫اﻟﻤﯿﺒﯿﻨﺪازول‬ ‫وھﻮ‬Membendazole‫ﻟ‬‫ﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﮫ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻄﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﺪان‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ‬‫أن‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫اﻷﻟﺒﯿﻨﺪازول‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮ‬Albendazole‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻮﻋﻲ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﮫ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻜﺒﺪﯾ‬ ‫ﺪان‬‫اﻟﺪﯾ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬Liver flukes
‫ﺪازول‬ ‫اﻷﻟﺒﻨ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺮاد‬ ‫أﻓ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫وﻣ‬Albendazole‫ﺴﯿﻔﯿﻨﺪازول‬ ‫واﻷوﻛ‬Oxfendazole‫ﺪازول‬ ‫واﻟﻤﯿﺒﻨ‬Membendazole
‫ﺪازول‬ ‫واﻟﺜﯿﺎﺑﯿﻨ‬Thiabendazole‫ﺪازول‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺮاﯾﻜﻼﺑﯿﻨ‬Triclabendazol‫ﺪازول‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺎرﺑﯿﻨ‬Parbendazole‫ﺴﯿﺒﯿﻨﺪازول‬ ‫واﻷوﻛ‬
Oxibendazole‫و‬‫اﻟﻠﻮﻛﺴﺎﺑﯿﻨﺪازول‬Luxabendazole‫واﻟﻔﻠﻮﺑﯿﻨﺪازول‬Flubendazole‫واﻟﻜﺎﻣﺒﯿﻨﺪازول‬Cambendazole.
٢-‫أﯾﻤﯿﺪازوﺛﯿﺎزول‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬Imidazothiazole:‫اﻟﻠﯿﻔﺎﻣﯿﺰول‬ ‫أﻓﺮاده‬ ‫وأھﻢ‬Levamisole‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ‬‫اﻷﺳ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﺪان‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬
‫اﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﯾﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﯿﺮﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﺳﻮاء‬ ‫أﻃﻮارھﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺗﻘﻮﯾ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﺟﺪ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻘﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫واﺟﻦ‬
‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮض‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺬا‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫أﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬٢٥-٣٠‫م‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬.‫ف‬/‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬.
٣-‫ﺪات‬‫اﻟﻤﺎﻛﺮوﻟﯿ‬Macrolides:‫ﺮ‬‫ﻓﻄ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﺞ‬‫ﺗﻨ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺣﯿﻮﯾ‬ ‫ﻀﺎدات‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ھ‬Actinomycete‫ﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﻔﯿﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﺪان‬‫اﻟﺪﯾ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺆﺛﺮ‬‫وﺗ‬‫ت‬
‫ﻦ‬‫اﻟﺤﻘ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻢ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫أﻋﻄﺎﺋﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﯿﺠﺮام‬ ‫وﻟﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﺟﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﯿﻜﺮو‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻓﺮﻣﻜﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫أﻓﺮادھﺎ‬ ‫وأھﻢ‬Avermectin‫ﻓﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﯾﻨﺘﺞ‬Streptomyces Avermitilis‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬‫ﺑﺎﻷﻓﺮﻣﯿﻜﺘﯿﻨﺎت‬Avermectin
‫اﻷ‬ ‫أو‬‫ﺑﺎﻣﯿﻜﺘﯿﻨﺎت‬Abamectin‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬‫اﻷﯾﻔﺮﻣﻜﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ھﻨﺎك‬Ivermectin‫ﺸﺎرا‬‫أﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﻌﮭﻢ‬‫أوﺳ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫وھ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺪﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﺪان‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﮫ‬)‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫أﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬(‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻄﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﺪان‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫أﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻼوة‬
‫ﺑﺠﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼج‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻔﻲ‬ ‫أﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫واﻟﯿﺮﻗﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫أﻃﻮارھﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬‫ﻰ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫أﻃﻮارھﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﯿﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫واﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻐﺬﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﯿﺮات‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫وﯾﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪوري‬ ‫اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫وﯾﺼﻞ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺘﺼﺎص‬ ‫ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﺮﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻠﻮغ‬ ‫إﻧﺘﻈﺎرا‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼج‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮار‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻔ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﯿﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗ‬ ‫ﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺈن‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻠ‬‫ﺮﻣﻜﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫أﯾﻔ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫دﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﺺ‬ ‫وﺗﻤ‬ ‫ﻮان‬ ‫ﻟﺤﯿ‬
‫ﻃﻮﯾﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻧﺴﺤﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮة‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫وﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﯾﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺪة‬ ‫ﯾﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫واﻷﯾﻔﺮﻣﻜﺘﯿﻦ‬)٢١‫ﯾﻮم‬(.
٤-‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬Salicylanilides:‫اﻟﻨﯿﻜﻠﻮﺳﺎﻣﯿﺪ‬ ‫أھﻤﮭﺎ‬Niclosamide‫راﻓﻮﻛﺴﺎﻧﯿﺪ‬ ‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺜﻘﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻄﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﯾﺪان‬ ‫ﻃﺎرد‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫وﻟﮫ‬
Rafoxanide‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﯾﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬‫اﻟﻜﺒﺪﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﺪان‬ ‫ﻰ‬)‫اﻟﻔﺎﺷﯿﻮﻻ‬(‫اﻟﺪﯾﺪان‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﯿﺮﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﺳﻮاء‬ ‫أﻃﻮارھﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻷراﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﯾﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬.
٥-‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ‬Substituted Phenols:‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜ‬ ‫ﺸﺮﯾﻄﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺪان‬ ‫واﻟﺪﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺪﯾ‬ ‫ﺪان‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻔﯿﻨ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗ‬
‫ھﻜﺴﺎﻛﻠﻮروﻓﯿﻦ‬Hexachlorophene‫ﻤﯿﺔ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎﻃﺮ‬‫ﻣﺨ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ﻮﻻت‬‫ﻟﻠﻔﯿﻨ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺒﺪﻟﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ھ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺪاث‬‫إﺳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺬﻟﻚ‬‫وﻟ‬
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11. ‫ﻮروﻓﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻠ‬ ‫ﺪاي‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫وأھ‬ ‫ﺸﺮﯾﻄﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺪان‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺪﯾ‬ ‫ﺪان‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾ‬ ‫ﻼج‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨ‬ ‫ﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫أﻗ‬ ‫ﻮن‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜ‬Dichlorophan
‫واﻟﻨﺘﺮوﻛﺴﺎﻧﯿﻞ‬Nitroxynil‫ﻓﯿﻨﻮﺛﯿﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﺪاي‬Diamphenothide.
٦-‫ﺴﻠﻔﻮﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ‬Sulphonamides:‫ﻀﺮ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻣﺜ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻔﻮﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﺮاد‬‫أﻓ‬ ‫ﺾ‬‫ﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﯾ‬Clorsulon‫ﻼج‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﺷﯿﻮﻻ‬ ‫أﺻﺎﺑﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻷراﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻟﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﻠﻄﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﺪان‬.
٧-‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ‬phosphates-Organo:‫وﻟ‬ ‫ﺸﺮﯾﺔ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺪات‬‫ﻛﻤﺒﯿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫أﺳﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ھ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺪان‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﯾ‬ ‫ﻀﺎدات‬‫ﻛﻤ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫أﺣﯿﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫أﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ‬)‫ﺘﺮﯾﺰ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺘﯿﻞ‬Acetyl choline esterase(‫ﻦ‬‫وﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫وﻧﻔﻮﻗﮭ‬ ‫ﻠﻠﮭﺎ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺆدي‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻤ‬ ‫ﺪودة‬‫ﻟﻠ‬
‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺆﺛﺮ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫أﻧﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﯿﻮﺑﮭ‬)‫ﺘﺮﯾﺰ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜ‬(‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﮭ‬‫أﺳ‬ ‫ﻒ‬‫ﺗﻮﻗ‬ ‫ﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺪا‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﮭ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺈن‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺬﻟﻚ‬‫وﻟ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﺋ‬ ‫ﺎص‬‫اﻟﺨ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻮس‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻮروﻓ‬ ‫ﺪاي‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫أﻓﺮدھ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫وﻣ‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻄ‬ ‫ﻼب‬ ‫اﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫إﺳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜ‬ ‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫ﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧ‬Dichlorvos
‫واﻟﮭﺎﻟﻮﻛﺴﺎن‬Haloxon‫واﻟﺘﺮاﯾﻜﻠﻮروﻓﻮن‬Trichlorphon.
٨-‫ﺑﺒﺮازﯾﻦ‬Piperazine:‫ﯾﺘ‬ ‫ﮫ‬‫ﻷﻧ‬ ‫ﻜﺎرس‬‫اﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﺪان‬‫دﯾ‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻨﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﯾﺪان‬ ‫ﻛﻄﺎرد‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺎن‬‫ﺑﺄﻣ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤﺘ‬
‫ﯾﺘﻠﻮه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻃﺮدھﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻌﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﯾﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪوث‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﺪان‬ ‫ﻃﺮد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻋﺔ‬...‫ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﺪان‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﯿﺮﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮھﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺪم‬ ‫وﻧﻈﺮا‬
‫ﻓﺈﻧﮫ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼج‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮار‬ ‫ﯾﻠﺰم‬٤-٨‫ﺔ‬‫واﻟﺠﺮﻋ‬ ‫ﺰﯾﻦ‬‫اﻟﺒﺒﺮاﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻷﻃﻮار‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮغ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺑﯿﻊ‬
‫ھﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬١٥٠-٢٥٠‫م‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬.‫ف‬/‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮب‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬٣-٥‫اﻟﻄﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬.
٩-‫ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫دﯾﺪان‬ ‫ﻃﺎردات‬:‫واﻟﺒﻮﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪﯾ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﯿﻨﻮﺛﯿﺎزﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬‫اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮا‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫وﻟﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﺪان‬ ‫ﻃﺎردات‬ ‫أﻗﺪم‬ ‫وھﻲ‬ ‫ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻔﯿﻨﻮﺛﯿﺎزﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ‬ ً‫ا‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬٦٠‫م‬ ‫ﺟﻢ‬.‫ف‬/‫وھﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﯾﻔﺮﻣﻜﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬٠٫٢‫ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬/‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬.
‫اﻟﺪواﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻼت‬
Drug Interaction
Introduction: In veterinary practice especially in poultry sector, a lot of drugs are used for
prevention and treatment of diseases. Sometimes, two or more of drugs are used together either in
mixtures or simultaneously "combination therapy". This is intended for maximizing the efficacy of
drugs to attain a successful control of the complicated diseased conditions. Uses of mixed drugs
without knowledge about the drug interactions are filled with dangers.
Aims of combination therapy:
1-Treatment of mixed bacterial infection in which the causative agents are not susceptible to certain
specific antibacterial drug.
2-Prevention of the microbial resistance to anti-microbial agents.
3-Prevention of the drug toxicities.
4-Counteract the effect of the adaptive microbial enzymes that inactivates certain antibiotics. B-
lactimase "certain penicillins & cephalosporins" and acetylase & phosphorylases "in
aminoglycosoides".
Drug interaction: it is the interaction occurring between two drugs or more when they are used in
mixture or simultaneously. It may lead to very good creative results or unwanted negative results
"inactivation, toxicity or side effects".
Forms of drug interactions:
I-Direct drug-drug interactions.
II-Drug feed interactions.
III-Pharmacokinetic interaction.
IV-Pharmacodynamic interaction.
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12. I-Direct drug-drug interactions
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺪواﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬
It depends on the direct chemical and/or physical interaction the active principles themselves or the
carriers themselves or the active principles and carriers hence called "Drug interaction at the
pharmaceutical phase". It occurs in-vitro or in-vivo.
Drug A + Drug B →
Direct drug-drug interactions
In-vitro In-vivo
Mechanisms of direct drug interactions:
I-Chemical reactivity. II-Physical adsorption. III-Chelation.
This type of drug interaction includes:
1-Mixing of acidic drugs with basic drugs: This is may lead to precipitation and inactivation of one
or both drugs. One point should be taken in consideration that this reaction will be inhibited when the
acidic or basic drugs are present in salt formula.
Table showing different acidic, basic and amphoteric drugs:
Acidic drugs Amphoteric drugs Basic drugs
Penicillins Morphine
Cephalosporins Aminoglucosoides
Sulfonamides Aminocyclitols
Nitrofurans
Tetracyclines are amphoteric but tend
to be more basic in nature.
Macrolides
Probencid Lincosamides
Aspirin Procaine
Indomethacin Trimethoprime
Ibuprofen
Quinolones are amphoteric but tend to
be more acidic in nature.
Piprazine
Thiophylin Atropine
Adrenaline Metronidazole
Heparin Chloramphinicol
Fursemide Colistin
Refampicin
Aminopenicillins are amphoteric but
tend to be more acidic in nature.
Antihistaminics
1-Inactivation "chemically"
2-Chelation "chemically"
3-Adsorption "physically"
4-Another product
5-No reaction at all
Direct
mixing in
one
syringe
Direct
mixing in
one drinking
water tank.
Direct
mixing in
one ration
Direct
mixing in
GIT
Direct
mixing at
the site
infection
Direct
mixing in
venous
circulation
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13. 2-Mixing of incompatible drugs:
Drugs Incompatible with
Gentamycin 1-Carbenicillin & other semi-synthetic penicillins "irreversible reaction".
2-The 1st
generation of cephalosporins for fear of severe nephrotoxicities.
2-The 2nd
& 3rd
generation of cephalosporins "chemical inactivation".
3-Chloramphinicol sod.succinate.
4-Sulfonamides.
Chloramphinicol
sod.succinate
Hydrocortizone sod.succinate - Penicillins – Heparin Tetracyclines -
Gentamycin Sulphate – Macrolides – Vitamin B–complex and vitamin C –
Sulfonamides - Colistin sulphate.
Penicillins Amphotracin B - Chlorophnramine malate – Dexamethazone – Heparin -
Chloramphinicol sod.succinate – Tetracyclines and Phenobarbital.
Mixing of incompatible drugs "continued":
Drugs Incompatible with
Ampicillin sod. -Glucose solution - Dextran solution – Aminoglucosoides - Colistin
sulphate.
Tetracyclines Solutions of polyvalent cations "chelation" – Penicillins – Cephalosporins -
Chloramphinicol sod.succinate - Hydrocortizone sod.succinate-
Sod.bicarbonate.
Sod.bicarbonate Tetracyclines - Solutions of polyvalent cations due to chelation.
Kanamycin 1-Methicillin at the site of infection.
Activated charcoal 1-Most drugs in the GIT due to chelation.
Sulfonamides Calcium gluconate "gel formation" – Gentamycin - Chloramphinicol sod.
succinate.
II-Drug feed interactions ‫اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪواﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬
Feeds inside the GIT are known to react with some drugs and the reverse is true.
A-Effect of feed on the drugs:
I-Reduce the absorption of certain drugs as ampicillin, cephalosporins, sulfonamides,
Lincomycine and rifampicin.
II-High fat content of feed increase the absorption of grisofulvin.
III-Feeds containing polyvalent cations causes chelation of tetracyclines.
B-Effect of drugs on feeds:
1-Aminsteration of mineral oils reduces the absorption of fat soluble vitamins & grisofulvin.
2-Certain antibiotics "when given orally for long time" e.g. tetracyclines, oral active penicillins and
aminoglucosoides negatively affect the growth of intestinal microflora leading to reduction of
biosynthesis of microbial vitamins "B-complex & K".
EffectsInteracting drugsDrug
Lincomycin
Ampicillin
Tetracyclines
Rifampicin
Decrease the absorption of the
interacting drugs.
1st
generation of cephalosporins
Feed
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