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Lesson 6
Diesel Engine Components 
Main parts 
structural parts (stationary p.) 
running parts 
Systems
Structural parts 
PURPOSE: 
- to support running parts 
- to keep them in position and line 
- to provide jackets and passages for cooling water, 
sumps, for lube oil 
- to form protective casing for running parts 
- to support auxiliaries (valves, camshaft, turbo 
blowers)
Running parts 
PURPOSE 
- to convert the power of combustion in the cylinders to 
mechanical work
Systems 
PURPOSE 
- Supply of air 
- Removal of exhaust 
- Turbocharging 
- Supply and injection of fuel 
- Lubrication 
- Cooling
Structural parts 
bedplate 
frame or column 
engine or cylinder block 
cylinder liners 
cylinder head or cover
Bedplate 
foundation on which the engine is built 
must be rigid enough to support the rest of the 
engine and hold the crankshaft which sits on the 
bearing housing in alignment with transverse girders 
at the same time, the bedplate has to be flexible 
enough to hog and sag with the foundation plate to 
which it is attached and which forms part of the ship 
structure
Bedplate
Bedplate
Frame 
load-carrying part of an engine 
it may include parts as the cylinder block,base, sump 
and end plates 
in two-stroke engines, frames are sometimes known 
as A-frames
Frame
Cylinder Block 
=engine block 
part of the engine frame that supports the engine 
cylinder liners, heads and crankshafts 
cylinder blocks for most large engines are made of 
castings and plates that are welded horizontally and 
vertically for strength and rigidity (stiffener) 
entablature = cylinder block which incorporates the 
scavenge air spaces in two-stroke engines
Cylinder block
Cylinder liner 
a bore in which an engine piston moves back and 
forth 
replaceable 
the material of the liner must withstand extreme heat 
and pressure developed within the combustion space 
at the top of the cylinder, and at the same time must 
permit the piston and its sealing rings to move with a 
minimum of friction
Cylinder liner 
Dry liner 
Wet liner
Cylinder liner
Cylinder head 
= cylinder cover 
• the space at the combustion chamber top is formed 
and sealed by a cylinder head 
• the cylinder head of a four-stroke engine houses 
intake and exhaust valves, the fuel injection valve, air 
starting vale, safety valve 
(the two-stroke engine lacks the intake valve)
Cylinder head
Major running parts 
piston 
piston rod 
crosshead 
connecting rod 
crankshaft & its bearings
Piston 
one of the major moving parts 
crown 
skirt 
must be designed to withstand extreme heat and 
combustion pressure 
made of cast iron or aluminium (to reduce weight)
Piston
Piston rod 
connects the piston with the crosshead
Piston rod
Crosshead 
the crosshead pin connects the piston rod to the 
connecting rod 
crosshead slippers are mounted on either side of the 
crosshead pin 
the slippers run up and down in the crosshead guides 
and prevent the connecting rod from moving 
sideways as the piston and rod reciprocate
Connecting rod 
it is fitted between the crosshead and the crankshaft 
it transmits the firing force, and together with the 
crankshaft converts the reciprocating motion to a 
rotary motion
Connecting rod
Crankshaft & its bearings 
one of the largest moving parts 
it consists of a series of cranks formed in a shaft 
converts reciprocating motion of the piston into 
rotary motion 
counterweights for balancing purposes
Crankshaft
Bearings
Major running parts
Arrangements for the air supply 
and gas exhaust: 
valves (inlet & exhaust), valve gear (camshaft & 
camshaft drive, push rod, rocker arm, spring), 
manifolds, scavenging and supercharging 
(turboblower systems)
Fuel injection system 
fuel pump, high pressure piping, injector, nozzle
Engine Parameters 
Cylinder bore – inner diameter of the cylinder (in 
mm or cm) 
Stroke – the distance the piston travels between top 
and bottom dead centers (in mm or cm) 
Engine speed – speed at which the crankshaft 
rotates (measured in revolutions per minute) 
Maximum Continuous Rating (MCR) – the 
designed maximum power which a diesel engine is 
capable of delivering continuously, at nominal 
maximum speed, in the period between two 
consecutive overhaulings

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Lesson6 diesel enginecomponents

  • 2. Diesel Engine Components Main parts structural parts (stationary p.) running parts Systems
  • 3. Structural parts PURPOSE: - to support running parts - to keep them in position and line - to provide jackets and passages for cooling water, sumps, for lube oil - to form protective casing for running parts - to support auxiliaries (valves, camshaft, turbo blowers)
  • 4. Running parts PURPOSE - to convert the power of combustion in the cylinders to mechanical work
  • 5. Systems PURPOSE - Supply of air - Removal of exhaust - Turbocharging - Supply and injection of fuel - Lubrication - Cooling
  • 6. Structural parts bedplate frame or column engine or cylinder block cylinder liners cylinder head or cover
  • 7. Bedplate foundation on which the engine is built must be rigid enough to support the rest of the engine and hold the crankshaft which sits on the bearing housing in alignment with transverse girders at the same time, the bedplate has to be flexible enough to hog and sag with the foundation plate to which it is attached and which forms part of the ship structure
  • 10. Frame load-carrying part of an engine it may include parts as the cylinder block,base, sump and end plates in two-stroke engines, frames are sometimes known as A-frames
  • 11. Frame
  • 12. Cylinder Block =engine block part of the engine frame that supports the engine cylinder liners, heads and crankshafts cylinder blocks for most large engines are made of castings and plates that are welded horizontally and vertically for strength and rigidity (stiffener) entablature = cylinder block which incorporates the scavenge air spaces in two-stroke engines
  • 14. Cylinder liner a bore in which an engine piston moves back and forth replaceable the material of the liner must withstand extreme heat and pressure developed within the combustion space at the top of the cylinder, and at the same time must permit the piston and its sealing rings to move with a minimum of friction
  • 15. Cylinder liner Dry liner Wet liner
  • 17. Cylinder head = cylinder cover • the space at the combustion chamber top is formed and sealed by a cylinder head • the cylinder head of a four-stroke engine houses intake and exhaust valves, the fuel injection valve, air starting vale, safety valve (the two-stroke engine lacks the intake valve)
  • 19. Major running parts piston piston rod crosshead connecting rod crankshaft & its bearings
  • 20. Piston one of the major moving parts crown skirt must be designed to withstand extreme heat and combustion pressure made of cast iron or aluminium (to reduce weight)
  • 22. Piston rod connects the piston with the crosshead
  • 24. Crosshead the crosshead pin connects the piston rod to the connecting rod crosshead slippers are mounted on either side of the crosshead pin the slippers run up and down in the crosshead guides and prevent the connecting rod from moving sideways as the piston and rod reciprocate
  • 25. Connecting rod it is fitted between the crosshead and the crankshaft it transmits the firing force, and together with the crankshaft converts the reciprocating motion to a rotary motion
  • 27. Crankshaft & its bearings one of the largest moving parts it consists of a series of cranks formed in a shaft converts reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion counterweights for balancing purposes
  • 31. Arrangements for the air supply and gas exhaust: valves (inlet & exhaust), valve gear (camshaft & camshaft drive, push rod, rocker arm, spring), manifolds, scavenging and supercharging (turboblower systems)
  • 32. Fuel injection system fuel pump, high pressure piping, injector, nozzle
  • 33. Engine Parameters Cylinder bore – inner diameter of the cylinder (in mm or cm) Stroke – the distance the piston travels between top and bottom dead centers (in mm or cm) Engine speed – speed at which the crankshaft rotates (measured in revolutions per minute) Maximum Continuous Rating (MCR) – the designed maximum power which a diesel engine is capable of delivering continuously, at nominal maximum speed, in the period between two consecutive overhaulings