The document describes the central dogma of molecular biology: DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins. DNA contains the genetic code in nucleotides that make up genes. RNA polymerase transcribes DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus. mRNA is then translated by ribosomes in the cytoplasm into proteins based on the RNA code using transfer RNA (tRNA) and amino acids. The process of protein synthesis involves transcription of DNA to mRNA and then translation of mRNA to proteins.

1. DNA RNA PROTEIN
THE CENTRAL DOGMA

2. BELL RINGER
Which cellular process takes place in the
ribosomes that are bound to the
endoplasmic reticulum?
A. The breakdown of waste material
B. The conversion of radiant energy to glucose
C. The synthesis of new proteins
D. The replication of nucleic acids

3. Objective
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/rnai.html
(first 3:10)
We will identify the components of
DNA and RNA and explain the
process of protein synthesis.

4. DNA Structure:
DNA resembles a twisted ladder.
Sides of ladder (Backbone) =
Deoxyribose Sugars and Phosphates
Rungs of ladder (middle) = Nitrogen
Bases
Hydrogen bonds= weak
bonds holding the nitrogen bases
together
Watson & Crick

5. DNA Nucleotides:
Subunits that make up DNA
3 Parts:
1. Phosphate group
2. 5 Carbon Sugar (Deoxyribose)
3. Nitrogen-Base
PBS!!!

6. Base Pairing
Nitrogen Bases are held together by weak
hydrogen bonds.
Nitrogen Bases:
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
A with T (Apple in the Tree)
C with G (Car in the Garage)

7. YOUR TURN!
WHAT ARE THE COMPLIMENTARY NITROGEN BASES
TO THE FOLLOWING DNA SEGMENTS?
1. TTACGGCTA
2. ACTGGCTAT
3. GACTGGACT
4. CGCTACCGA
5. GGTCACAAT

8. DNA: Blueprints of Life
Worksheet
You have 5 minutes to answer the 9
questions on your half worksheet.

9. DNA and RNA

10. Transcription
mRNA is synthesized from the DNA
code
Occurs in the nucleus
http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/m
olgenetics/transcription.swf

11. Translation
Converting RNA to proteins
Occurs in the cytoplasm
http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/translation/movie-flash.htm

12. Let’s Practice:Using a codon chart:
Which of these changes to the DNA triplet 3’ GCT 5’ will affect the
protein produced?
A. GTT C. TCC
B. TCT D. GCA

13. Now you practice by completing the
following chart:
DNA mRNA tRNA Amino Acid
TCA
GGA
TAA
Methionine
UAA
TTT
AAA
Lysine

14. YOU ARE ALMOST
FINISHED!!!!!!!
YOUR EXIT TICKET FOR THE LESSON IS TO
SYNTHESIZE YOUR OWN PROTEIN!:
1.Create 3 DNA codons
2. Show the complementary mRNA strand
3. Show the complementary tRNA strand
4. Write the corresponding amino acid for each
codon.

15. Cluster Exit Ticket
Complete the following on the note card you were
given at the beginning of cluster.
Did this lesson have a coherent beginning, middle
and end?
Was the pacing appropriate with opportunities for
students who progress at different rates?