Ramez Naam is a computer scientist and award-winning author. He spent 13 years at Microsoft, where he played leadership roles on early versions of Outlook, Internet Explorer, and Bing. He's written four books, including the science-fiction novel Nexus, and the non-fiction The Infinite Resource: The Power of Ideas on a Finite Planet, which charts a course to innovate our way past challenges in energy, food, water, and climate.
Ramez’s work has appeared in or been quoted in The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Economist, The Atlantic, Slate, Business Week, Discover, Wired, and Scientific American. He teaches on innovation, environment, and energy at Singularity University at NASA Ames. Follow Ramez on twitter: @ramez or visit him at http://rameznaam.com
Aivaris Zukis http://www.flickr.com/photos/stunna1/5710694970/in/photostream/
So, some say, we must give up our energy-intense, resource-intense way of living..
We must give up the idea of economic growth, stabilize our economies, maybe even shrink them.
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We’ve been warned that growth was about to destroy us before.
In 1968, Paul Ehrlich warned us that population growth was about to doom billions to starvation.
goway.com/blog/2010/04/06/shanghai-exposed/
Image: DHY
Average American uses 1600 cubic meters of water per year.
A cube 40’ on a side.
Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons, Sam Beebe, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crop_circles_along_the_Columbia,_Washington,_USA.jpg
70% OF WORLDWIDE WATER USE FOR AGRICULTURE
Ogallala Aquifer.
Provides water for farming across 8 states in the high plains.
Fossil water, filled for more than 10,000 years
Since 1960, we’ve used up HALF of the water in this aquifer. In areas of Texas, the flow from pumps is now a quarter of what it was. By 2050, at current rates, this resource that took more than 10,000 years to fill up will be gone.
Image source: Kansas University: http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/Bulletins/162/03_strat.html
Photo: European Pressphoto Agency
European heat wave of 2003. Potato farmer in Russia.
In August of 2003, Europe was hit with the hottest summer on record since at least 1540. More than 70,000 people died. France lost 20% of its wheat harvest. Fires destroyed 10% of the forests of Portugal. Melting glaciers brought on avalanches and flash floods in Switzerland. Ukraine lost a whopping 75% of its wheat harvest.
2003 European Heat Wave, Wikipedia, accessed 8/16/11, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_European_heat_wave
EUROPEAN HEAT WAVE OF 2003. HOTTEST SUMMER SINCE 1540. 70,000 DEATHS. 10% OF PORTUGAL’S FORESTS DESTROYED BY FIRE. 75% OF UKRAINE WHEAT CROP LOST.
Photo: Andrey Smirnov
Russian heat wave of 2010. 55
EUROPEAN HEAT WAVE OF 2010, CENTERED ON RUSSIA. 55,000 DEATHS.
11,000 DEATHS IN MOSCOW ALONE. RUSSIAN WHEAT CROP DECIMATED.
,000 people killed. 11,000 people in Moscow alone.
2009 CHINA NORTHERN DROUGHT
2010: CHINA SOUTH / SOUTHWEST DROUGHT
20MILLION PEOPLE WITHOUT ADEQUATE DRINKING WATER
WELLS IN GUANXI SINCE 1517 WENT DRY
[CHONGQING] RAINS CAME BACK IN MAY. 15 MILLION PEOPLE EVAQUATED. 1 MILLION HOMES DESTROYED. $51 BILLION IN DAMAGE. 400 BILLION YUAN
Businesses polluted the river, because they had no incentive not to. In fact, it was cheaper for them to dump waste and oil into the river then it was for them to deal with disposing it properly.
In other words, the river was a commons. And it was being hit with the tragedy of the commons – the overuse or destruction of a resource that everyone shares, an that no one owns. Those businesses are able to privatize gains, while socializing the losses. They reap the profits of selling products made in a dirty way, and they make the rest of the community – and those down stream – pay for the damage.
And that’s a classic market failure. The market actually encourages businesses to exploit the commons. Because if they don’t, a competitor will, and will gain an advantage over them.
Cleveland State University: Cleveland Press, “Oil Slick on the Cuyahoga,” Teaching & Learning Cleveland , accessed March 6, 2012, http://csudigitalhumanities.org/
Cleveland State University
In this case, the results were spectacular. A train passing on a bridge over the river threw a spar down into the oil, and the river caught fire. This wasn’t even the first time the river had caught fire. It was the 13th. But this time, it caught national attention. And the following year, Richard Nixon signed legislation creating the EPA. Over the next 4 years Congress would pass the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water act, that restricted the ability of people to pollute.
Just as we’ve innovated in technology, we’ve innovated in the rules that govern us. The year after the Cuyahoga River fire, the EPA was created. In the next 3 years, the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act were both passed.
Today, the river is cleaner, even while Cleveland is far richer than it was in 1969. There’s no trade off between economic growth and environment, IF we put the right incentives in place to protect those commons.
The man who signed the EPA, clean air act, and clean water acts into law, by the way, was a Republican – Richard Nixon.
Brent Durken: http://brentdurken.com/tag/cuyagoga-river/
NASA Goddard http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/world_avoided.html
NASA Goddard http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/world_avoided.html
Reagan: Wikimedia commons
Most important resource we have is new ideas. It’s our ability to innovate.
If we continue to innovate both in technology and in how we manage our resources, then we can have our cake and eat it to. There is no limit to the wealth and well being we can aspire to, on a healthy, living planet, if we make the right choices.
NASA Goddard http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/world_avoided.html
Reagan: Wikimedia commons
The United States went from 90% of its rural population without connection to the grid to 90% connected between 1936 and 1950.
Photo: Michael O’Donnel
We’ve done it with computers.
At the efficiency of the 1940s, an iPhone would have to be larger than the city of Chicago, and draw more power than the entire state of California.
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We’ve even done it with oil and water. The average american now uses a third less of each than in 1970, even as the size of our economy has doubled.
That’s not enough, not yet. But it’s a start.
Images: Wikimedia
Image Source: AMD
In 1954, solar cells cost $1,000 per Watt of power. Today, these cells, manufactured like microchips, cost around $2 per Watt.
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If we keep innovating, in 10 years, solar will be cheaper than coal. In 20 years, it could be half the price, providing us clean, abundant, cheap energy to power our future.
http://solarenergyfactsblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/solar-energy-to-power-world.jpg
Looks accurate at about 20%.
This graph, along the bottom, represents the long-term costs in the US of two types of oil (Henry Hub, Brent), coal, and liquefied natural gas. The line coming down on the right is the price of solar energy. Why is this chart called “the Terrordome”? Because this analyst is telling his clients – get out of fossil fuels. They will be disrupted by solar.
Rocinha Favela Brazil Wikimedia Commons
Rocinha Favela Brazil Wikimedia Commons
Multi-billion dollar danger to Argentina. Multi-TRILLION dollar opportunity.
Cleveland State University
In this case, the results were spectacular. A train passing on a bridge over the river threw a spar down into the oil, and the river caught fire. This wasn’t even the first time the river had caught fire. It was the 13th. But this time, it caught national attention. And the following year, Richard Nixon signed legislation creating the EPA. Over the next 4 years Congress would pass the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water act, that restricted the ability of people to pollute.
Just as we’ve innovated in technology, we’ve innovated in the rules that govern us. The year after the Cuyahoga River fire, the EPA was created. In the next 3 years, the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act were both passed.
Today, the river is cleaner, even while Cleveland is far richer than it was in 1969. There’s no trade off between economic growth and environment, IF we put the right incentives in place to protect those commons.
The man who signed the EPA, clean air act, and clean water acts into law, by the way, was a Republican – Richard Nixon.
Brent Durken: http://brentdurken.com/tag/cuyagoga-river/
Aivaris Zukis http://www.flickr.com/photos/stunna1/5710694970/in/photostream/
So, some say, we must give up our energy-intense, resource-intense way of living..
We must give up the idea of economic growth, stabilize our economies, maybe even shrink them.
---
We’ve been warned that growth was about to destroy us before.
In 1968, Paul Ehrlich warned us that population growth was about to doom billions to starvation.
goway.com/blog/2010/04/06/shanghai-exposed/
Most important resource we have is new ideas. It’s our ability to innovate.
If we continue to innovate both in technology and in how we manage our resources, then we can have our cake and eat it to. There is no limit to the wealth and well being we can aspire to, on a healthy, living planet, if we make the right choices.