2. What is APNIC
• APNIC (Asia Pacific Network Information Centre) is
one of five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs)
charged with ensuring the fair distribution and
responsible management of IP addresses and
related resources.
• These resources are required for the stable and
reliable operation of the global Internet.
– AS Number (e.g. 4608)
– IPv4 address (e.g. 202.12.90.0)
– IPv6 address (e.g. 2001:dd8:c:0:0:0:0:c8)
2
4. APNIC Secretariat
• A membership based, not for profit organisation
• Headquartered in Brisbane, Australia
• 70+ staff from all over the region (25 languages
spoken)
• A budget of AUD 18 million (~ USD 15 million)
• Has a governing board called the Executive Council,
the members of which are elected by the Members
• The Secretariat (APNIC's staff) carries out the day-to-
day work to support APNIC's mission. There are 4
main group of activities: Serving Members,
Supporting the Asia Pacific's Internet Development,
Collaborating with the Global Internet Community,
and Corporate Support.
4
9. Moving forward
• Inviting Internet multi-stakeholders to discuss
Internet number policy development at:
– APNIC 40 – Jakarta (Sep 2015)
• APNIC to engage in various in-country projects e.g.
– National Internet Directory
– National Internet Development Strategy (e.g. IPv6,
stability)
– Government Internet Infrastructure
– Others?
9
12. IETF 功能領域 Areas of Function
12
routing
security
Applications
IP : Next
Generation
Transport
Internet
Operation
Network
management
13. 工作群組Working Group與RFC
13
IETF 標準化工作以工作群組Working Group 討論
Working Group界定問題、目標與預期時程
Working Group 由網路社群參與建構解決方案
當Working Group對解決方案有具體共識後,由主席
送交 IESG 進行審查
IESG 完成審查通過後,定義新的 Internet 標準 RFC
(Request For Comments)
David Clark : "We reject kings, presidents, and voting.
We believe in rough consensus and running code“
拒絕國王、總統及投票,相信粗略共識與可執行程式碼
23. Observations
23
• compelling value : total valuation of the 3 firms
equals 10.4% GDP
• performance has no significant difference EPS
S.D.=1.05; ROA S.D.=0.95
• firm value is directly proportional to market share
• Boston Matrix : Stars(capital) / Cash Cows(product)
lucrative segment for trade
negotiation from partner
countries
24. 24
中
華
電
台
灣
大
遠
傳
Observations
1 positive correlation among firm values
2 capital market growth > competition
3 capital market value exceeds product
market value
4 positive externality
5 government-granted monopoly:
potential competitors are excluded from
the market by law
25. 25
HKIX:440GJPIX:340GTWIX:42G
Observations
1 TW traffic is far less than others
2 TW traffic remains long term sluggish
Implications/Assumptions
1 rate limiting on switch GigE interfaces
2 obsolete facilities
3 inadequate capacities
(intentionally or unintentionally)
28. Google公用DNS使用情況
28
Rank Resolver ASN User Share Network Name
1 74.125.41.0 15169 1.28% GOOGLE – Google Inc., US
2 58.217.249.0 4134 1.02% CHINANET-BACKBONE, CN
3 74.125.189.0 15169 0.98% GOOGLE - Google Inc., US
4 74.125.16.0 15169 0.94% GOOGLE - Google Inc., US
5 74.125.190.0 15169 0.90% GOOGLE - Google Inc., US
6 74.125.181.0 15169 0.87% GOOGLE - Google Inc., US
7 61.140.11.0 4813 0.80% GUANGDONG-AP China Telecom Group, CN
8 60.215.138.0 4837 0.80% CHINA169, CNCGROUP China169 Backbone, CN
9 74.125.73.0 15169 0.78% GOOGLE – Google Inc., US
10 74.125.17.0 15169 0.74% GOOGLE – Google Inc., US
The Top 10 DNS resolver systems (Geoff Huston, 2014)
全球DNS Google DNS
Google DNS服務量佔
全球DNS服務量 25%