SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 41
Social Media for Learning
Why we need to develop together a principle-based framework informing
Teaching and Learning with Social Media
Sue Beckingham | @suebecks
Sheffield Hallam University
Moving on from the desktop
The Internet in real time - how
quickly data is generated
http://pennystocks.la/internet-in-real-time/
The way we communicate has changed
There are now a multiplexity of ways this can be
done, building upon strong ties and creating
new opportunities to develop weak ties
#Socialnomics 2014 by Erik Qualman @equalman
We are moving
towards.....
• Ubiquitous computing
• Ubiquitous communication
• Ubiquitous information
• At unlimited speed
• About everything
• Everywhere
• From anywhere
• On all kinds of devices
• Connect
• Organise
• Share
• Collect
• Collaborate
• Publish
Which makes it
'ridiculously
easy' to.....
(Michael Wesch 2010)
A shift from being
knowledgeable to
Knowledge-Able
Michael Wesch
(Michael Wesch 2010)
AND to continue this
dialogue face to face
CREATORS
CURATORS
CRITICS
CONVERSATIONALISTS
COLLABORATORS
COMMUNICATORS
Social Media EMPOWERS
individuals to become digital:
Beckingham 2013
http://www.slideshare.net/suebeckingham/scholarship-and-social-media
connections = currency
Qualman 2014
Digital technologies and social media
enable personal learning networks
unconstrained by time and place
Graphic literacy i.e. infographics
Navigation literacy i.e. internet geography
Context and connections literacy i.e. PLNs
Focus literacy i.e. time for solitude switch
Multitasking literacy i.e.. appliances, people
Scepticism literacy i.e. ‘crap detection’
Ethical literacy i.e. trust
RainieandWellman(2012:272-274)
New Literacies for Networked Individuals
receiving
responding
regurgitating
Education 1.0
communicating
contributing
collaborating
Education 2.0
connectors
creators
constructivists
Education 3.0
self-directed, interest-
based learning
where problem-solving,
innovation and creativity
drive education
Adapted from Gerstein 2014
connecting
networking
connecting
collaboration
interactivity
communication
mutuality
multimodality
community-
building
curation
participation
flexibility
active
learning
sharing
customisation
inquiry
responsibility
creativity
Social Media for Learning
What would you add?
• Participation
• Collaboration
• Interactivity
• Communication
• Community-building
• Sharing
• Networking
• Creativity
• Flexibility
• Customisation
• Curation
• Connecting
• Multimodality
• Active learning
• Cooperation
• Responsibility
• Mutuality
• ???
Tweet using: #melsgljmu
Developing a Social Media for
Learning Framework
• The following key principles offer a framework
upon which the effective use of social media for
teaching and learning can be plotted;
• The ideas in the framework work in combination
or independently of each other;
• Each principle is informed by established ideas
for effective teaching and learning and therefore
help to clarify and legitimise the use of social
media, in its various forms, in good academic
practice.
Middleton and Beckingham 2014
Social Media for Learning Framework
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
AUTHENTICALLY
SITUATED
MEDIANEUTRAL
OPENAND
ACCESSIBLE
LIFEWIDEAND
LIFELONG
COOPERATIVE
SOCIALLYINCLUSIVE
LEARNER-CENTRED
Middleton and Beckingham 2014
• Socially inclusive
• Lifewide and lifelong
• Media neutral
• Learner-centred
• Cooperative
• Open and accessible
• Authentically situated
Social Media for Learning Framework
Middleton and Beckingham 2014
Supporting and validating
learning through mutually
beneficial, jointly enterprising and
communally constructive
communities of practice; fostering
a sense of belonging, being and
becoming; promoting collegiality,
feeling connected, social glue
Middleton and Beckingham 2014
Use a blog to tag and share
information, invite student
interaction using comments
Choose a module Twitter
hashtag for the class to
share useful links
Grab student "preview" or
"exit interviews" using Vine
Use Padlet to collate ideas
from a virtual brainstorm
Encourage Facebook groups!
Lifewide and Lifelong
formal
non-
formal
informal
Connecting formal, non-formal and informal learning
progression; developing online presence; developing
digital literacies for experiential, problem solving,
creative and critical learning approaches
Middleton and Beckingham 2014
Get students to establish a
LinkedIn presence and start
to make valued connections
Build a PLN of your own to
connect with other
educators
Gather student ideas for
discussion topics and ask
them to vote for the most
popular
Ask students to capture
and share key points learnt
at the end of a module and
revisit in the next, using
text and images.
Media neutral
Learning across
and through rich
multiple media;
providing
opportunities for
choices and self
expression
Middleton and Beckingham 2014
Post concept clips on
YouTube and invite
comments as basis for
flipped lecture using their
chosen medium e.g. video,
audio, images and 'wordles'
Student 'about me' digital
artefacts and embed in
personal blog, portfolio,
website
Choose a curation tool to
gather links and information
Learner-centred
Promoting self-regulation, creative self-expression, building
self-efficacy and confidence; accommodating niche interests
and activities, the ‘long tail’ of education
Middleton and Beckingham 2014
Introduce new approaches to
note taking and get students
to share via Twitter
Ask students to identify,
joining and contributing to
subject or career relevant
LinkedIn groups
Use a problem based
approach underpinned by a
student co-production
activity using Google Docs
#sketchnotes
@hopkinsdavid
Co-operative
Promotes working together productively and critically as
peers (co-creation) in self-organising, robust networks that
are scalable, loosely structured, self-validating, and both
knowledge-forming and knowledge-sharing
Middleton and Beckingham 2014
Get students to create a
shared course/subject
newsletter
Hold Tweet Chats as
revision drop ins and Storify
Use Diigo (Educator
account) to set up a
shared course/module
social bookmarking group
which allows students to
critique resources
selected
Open and Accessible
Supporting spacial, temporal and social openness; promoting
open engagement in terms of access being geographically
extended, inclusive, controlled by the learner, gratis, open
market, unconstrained freedom, access to content
Middleton and Beckingham 2014
Use open educational
resources (OERs) e.g. Jorum
and promote open practice
Create links with other
universities and co-create an
open blog
Host a Google hangout on
Air with a student panel of
speakers. Invite listeners to
post questions. This auto
records on YouTube - Share
the link via Twitter.
Authentically situated
Making connections
across learning, social and
professional networks;
being scholarly and
establishing a considered
professional online
presence and digital
identity
Middleton and Beckingham 2014
Invite experts to speak to/with
students via Skype or in a
Google Hangout
Create a Course LinkedIn
Group to connect with Alumni
Invite alumni to share
working experiences at an
event. Storify the Tweets
and share presentations on
SlideShare
Hold TweetChats with
Careers and students, to
share good practice and
questions.
 Promote discussion informing curriculum design
and staff development;
 Validate and refine existing practice;
 Help identify how social media can be further
embedded in practice to enhance and transform it.
 It is work in progress
The framework and
principles are intended to:
Middleton and Beckingham 2014
Learner-centered, lifelong learning has been the cry of
knowledge society visionaries for the last decade. Yet
learning continues to be delivered with teacher-centric
tools in a twelve week format.
Society is changing. Learners needs are changing.
The course, as a model for learning, is being challenged
by communities and networks, which are better able to
attend to the varied characteristics of the learning process
by using multiple approaches, orchestrated within a
learning ecology.
Learner-centered, lifelong learning has been the cry of
knowledge society visionaries for the last decade. Yet
learning continues to be delivered with teacher-centric
tools in a twelve week format.
Society is changing. Learners needs are changing.
The course, as a model for learning, is being challenged
by communities and networks, which are better able to
attend to the varied characteristics of the learning process
by using multiple approaches, orchestrated within a
learning ecology.
George Siemens 2003
Social Media Guidance
http://go.shu.ac.uk/socialmedia,
Beckingham, Purvis and Rodger 2013
@DrLancaster
http://professionalonlinepresence.com/podcasts/
Openly share resources
http://www.andymiah.net/2012/12/30/the-a-to-z-of-social-media-for-academics/
The A to Z of Social Media for Academia
curated by Prof Andy Miah @andymiah
Can we create an open learning
ecology that enables learners to
learn with and from each other
in a supportive environment
using authentic and inquiry-
based pedagogical models?
Nerantzi and Beckingham 2013
Summer CPD 14-18 July
http://byod4learning.wordpress.com/
Sue Beckingham
Sheffield Hallam University, UK
@suebecks
http://uk.linkedin.com/in/suebeckingham
http://gplus.to/suebecks
A Social Media for Learning framework was
presented clarifying how social media is
being used to enhance and transform
learning. Key ideas, examples and questions
about the use of social media use in higher
education will be mapped to the framework
which will provide a reference point to
consider ideas, opportunities and challenges.

More Related Content

What's hot

What Is Web 3.0 - Characteristics of Web 3.0
What Is Web 3.0 - Characteristics of Web 3.0What Is Web 3.0 - Characteristics of Web 3.0
What Is Web 3.0 - Characteristics of Web 3.0Augustine Fou
 
Web 4.0 and beyond
Web 4.0 and beyondWeb 4.0 and beyond
Web 4.0 and beyondJohan Koren
 
Digital Literacy Power Point
Digital  Literacy Power PointDigital  Literacy Power Point
Digital Literacy Power PointTanya
 
Capstone Project Proposal Defense
Capstone Project  Proposal DefenseCapstone Project  Proposal Defense
Capstone Project Proposal DefenseRongfei Geng
 
Evolution of www ppt
Evolution of www pptEvolution of www ppt
Evolution of www pptsequels
 
Lesson 5 Manipulating Text, Graphics, and Images
Lesson 5 Manipulating Text, Graphics, and ImagesLesson 5 Manipulating Text, Graphics, and Images
Lesson 5 Manipulating Text, Graphics, and ImagesJuvywen
 
What is Web 3.0?
What is Web 3.0?What is Web 3.0?
What is Web 3.0?Johan Koren
 
Empowerment Technologies Lecture 1 (Philippines SHS)
Empowerment Technologies Lecture 1 (Philippines SHS)Empowerment Technologies Lecture 1 (Philippines SHS)
Empowerment Technologies Lecture 1 (Philippines SHS)John Bosco Javellana, MAEd.
 
What is Web 3,0?
What is Web 3,0?What is Web 3,0?
What is Web 3,0?dWebGuide1
 
Web Design Principle and Elements
Web Design Principle and ElementsWeb Design Principle and Elements
Web Design Principle and ElementsNicahTheaBajenting
 

What's hot (20)

What Is Web 3.0 - Characteristics of Web 3.0
What Is Web 3.0 - Characteristics of Web 3.0What Is Web 3.0 - Characteristics of Web 3.0
What Is Web 3.0 - Characteristics of Web 3.0
 
Internet of Things presentation
Internet of Things presentationInternet of Things presentation
Internet of Things presentation
 
Web 4.0 and beyond
Web 4.0 and beyondWeb 4.0 and beyond
Web 4.0 and beyond
 
The Evolution of Web 3.0
The Evolution of Web 3.0The Evolution of Web 3.0
The Evolution of Web 3.0
 
Digital Literacy Power Point
Digital  Literacy Power PointDigital  Literacy Power Point
Digital Literacy Power Point
 
Capstone Project Proposal Defense
Capstone Project  Proposal DefenseCapstone Project  Proposal Defense
Capstone Project Proposal Defense
 
Digital literacy
Digital literacyDigital literacy
Digital literacy
 
What is Web 3.0
What is Web 3.0What is Web 3.0
What is Web 3.0
 
Internet of things
Internet of thingsInternet of things
Internet of things
 
Evolution of www ppt
Evolution of www pptEvolution of www ppt
Evolution of www ppt
 
Lesson 5 Manipulating Text, Graphics, and Images
Lesson 5 Manipulating Text, Graphics, and ImagesLesson 5 Manipulating Text, Graphics, and Images
Lesson 5 Manipulating Text, Graphics, and Images
 
Web3 Fundamentals
Web3 FundamentalsWeb3 Fundamentals
Web3 Fundamentals
 
Web 1 2 3
Web 1 2 3Web 1 2 3
Web 1 2 3
 
Internet of things(IoT)
Internet of things(IoT)Internet of things(IoT)
Internet of things(IoT)
 
What is Web 3.0?
What is Web 3.0?What is Web 3.0?
What is Web 3.0?
 
Empowerment Technologies Lecture 1 (Philippines SHS)
Empowerment Technologies Lecture 1 (Philippines SHS)Empowerment Technologies Lecture 1 (Philippines SHS)
Empowerment Technologies Lecture 1 (Philippines SHS)
 
What is Web 3,0?
What is Web 3,0?What is Web 3,0?
What is Web 3,0?
 
Web Design Principle and Elements
Web Design Principle and ElementsWeb Design Principle and Elements
Web Design Principle and Elements
 
Information society
Information societyInformation society
Information society
 
Future trends in technology
Future trends in technologyFuture trends in technology
Future trends in technology
 

Similar to Social Media Learning Framework

Social Media for Learning and Teaching Guest Lecture
Social Media for Learning and Teaching Guest LectureSocial Media for Learning and Teaching Guest Lecture
Social Media for Learning and Teaching Guest LectureSue Beckingham
 
Bring your own devices for learning #BYOD4L l May Minicon #rscon5
Bring your own devices for learning #BYOD4L l May Minicon #rscon5Bring your own devices for learning #BYOD4L l May Minicon #rscon5
Bring your own devices for learning #BYOD4L l May Minicon #rscon5Sue Beckingham
 
Finding new spaces through media enhanced learning
Finding new spaces through media enhanced learningFinding new spaces through media enhanced learning
Finding new spaces through media enhanced learningAndrew Middleton
 
Celebrating innovative scholarship through social media #ESLTIS17
Celebrating innovative scholarship through social media #ESLTIS17Celebrating innovative scholarship through social media #ESLTIS17
Celebrating innovative scholarship through social media #ESLTIS17Sue Beckingham
 
Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Connected Learning at Virginia Commo...
Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Connected Learning at Virginia Commo...Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Connected Learning at Virginia Commo...
Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Connected Learning at Virginia Commo...Laura Gogia
 
Social Media for Learning (SM4L) framework v1 - world cafe
Social Media for Learning (SM4L) framework v1 - world cafeSocial Media for Learning (SM4L) framework v1 - world cafe
Social Media for Learning (SM4L) framework v1 - world cafeAndrew Middleton
 
Finding new spaces through media enhanced learning
Finding new spaces through media enhanced learningFinding new spaces through media enhanced learning
Finding new spaces through media enhanced learningAndrew Middleton
 
Students as partners co creating innovative scholarship - reflections on achi...
Students as partners co creating innovative scholarship - reflections on achi...Students as partners co creating innovative scholarship - reflections on achi...
Students as partners co creating innovative scholarship - reflections on achi...Sue Beckingham
 
Open cross-institutional academic CPD, expectations and value: a recent examp...
Open cross-institutional academic CPD, expectations and value: a recent examp...Open cross-institutional academic CPD, expectations and value: a recent examp...
Open cross-institutional academic CPD, expectations and value: a recent examp...Chrissi Nerantzi
 
The End of “Sit & Git” PD: Powerful, Professional Learning Communities Fueled...
The End of “Sit & Git” PD: Powerful, Professional Learning Communities Fueled...The End of “Sit & Git” PD: Powerful, Professional Learning Communities Fueled...
The End of “Sit & Git” PD: Powerful, Professional Learning Communities Fueled...Public Consulting Group
 
Explorations into collaborative online learning participants and facilitators...
Explorations into collaborative online learning participants and facilitators...Explorations into collaborative online learning participants and facilitators...
Explorations into collaborative online learning participants and facilitators...Sue Beckingham
 
Student as producer and open educational resources: enhancing learning throug...
Student as producer and open educational resources: enhancing learning throug...Student as producer and open educational resources: enhancing learning throug...
Student as producer and open educational resources: enhancing learning throug...Sue Watling
 
Open cross institutional academic cpd: unlocking the potential
Open cross institutional academic cpd: unlocking the potential Open cross institutional academic cpd: unlocking the potential
Open cross institutional academic cpd: unlocking the potential Sue Beckingham
 
A SMASHing approach to developing student engagement and empowerment through ...
A SMASHing approach to developing student engagement and empowerment through ...A SMASHing approach to developing student engagement and empowerment through ...
A SMASHing approach to developing student engagement and empowerment through ...Sue Beckingham
 
Main wel7010 11
Main wel7010 11Main wel7010 11
Main wel7010 11wendymain
 
Using social media for learning and teaching #Bett2017 #ALiSOnline
Using social media for learning and teaching #Bett2017 #ALiSOnlineUsing social media for learning and teaching #Bett2017 #ALiSOnline
Using social media for learning and teaching #Bett2017 #ALiSOnlineSue Beckingham
 
Building capacity for global connections and collaborations - New perspectives
Building capacity for global connections and collaborations - New perspectivesBuilding capacity for global connections and collaborations - New perspectives
Building capacity for global connections and collaborations - New perspectivesJulie Lindsay
 
Online teaching: overcoming the challenges, 20 October 2020
Online teaching: overcoming the challenges, 20 October 2020Online teaching: overcoming the challenges, 20 October 2020
Online teaching: overcoming the challenges, 20 October 2020Jisc
 

Similar to Social Media Learning Framework (20)

Social Media for Learning and Teaching Guest Lecture
Social Media for Learning and Teaching Guest LectureSocial Media for Learning and Teaching Guest Lecture
Social Media for Learning and Teaching Guest Lecture
 
Bring your own devices for learning #BYOD4L l May Minicon #rscon5
Bring your own devices for learning #BYOD4L l May Minicon #rscon5Bring your own devices for learning #BYOD4L l May Minicon #rscon5
Bring your own devices for learning #BYOD4L l May Minicon #rscon5
 
Finding new spaces through media enhanced learning
Finding new spaces through media enhanced learningFinding new spaces through media enhanced learning
Finding new spaces through media enhanced learning
 
Celebrating innovative scholarship through social media #ESLTIS17
Celebrating innovative scholarship through social media #ESLTIS17Celebrating innovative scholarship through social media #ESLTIS17
Celebrating innovative scholarship through social media #ESLTIS17
 
Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Connected Learning at Virginia Commo...
Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Connected Learning at Virginia Commo...Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Connected Learning at Virginia Commo...
Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Connected Learning at Virginia Commo...
 
Social Media for Learning (SM4L) framework v1 - world cafe
Social Media for Learning (SM4L) framework v1 - world cafeSocial Media for Learning (SM4L) framework v1 - world cafe
Social Media for Learning (SM4L) framework v1 - world cafe
 
Finding new spaces through media enhanced learning
Finding new spaces through media enhanced learningFinding new spaces through media enhanced learning
Finding new spaces through media enhanced learning
 
Shirley Reushle Plenary APLEC2014
Shirley Reushle Plenary APLEC2014Shirley Reushle Plenary APLEC2014
Shirley Reushle Plenary APLEC2014
 
Students as partners co creating innovative scholarship - reflections on achi...
Students as partners co creating innovative scholarship - reflections on achi...Students as partners co creating innovative scholarship - reflections on achi...
Students as partners co creating innovative scholarship - reflections on achi...
 
Open cross-institutional academic CPD, expectations and value: a recent examp...
Open cross-institutional academic CPD, expectations and value: a recent examp...Open cross-institutional academic CPD, expectations and value: a recent examp...
Open cross-institutional academic CPD, expectations and value: a recent examp...
 
The End of “Sit & Git” PD: Powerful, Professional Learning Communities Fueled...
The End of “Sit & Git” PD: Powerful, Professional Learning Communities Fueled...The End of “Sit & Git” PD: Powerful, Professional Learning Communities Fueled...
The End of “Sit & Git” PD: Powerful, Professional Learning Communities Fueled...
 
Explorations into collaborative online learning participants and facilitators...
Explorations into collaborative online learning participants and facilitators...Explorations into collaborative online learning participants and facilitators...
Explorations into collaborative online learning participants and facilitators...
 
Student as producer and open educational resources: enhancing learning throug...
Student as producer and open educational resources: enhancing learning throug...Student as producer and open educational resources: enhancing learning throug...
Student as producer and open educational resources: enhancing learning throug...
 
Open cross institutional academic cpd: unlocking the potential
Open cross institutional academic cpd: unlocking the potential Open cross institutional academic cpd: unlocking the potential
Open cross institutional academic cpd: unlocking the potential
 
A SMASHing approach to developing student engagement and empowerment through ...
A SMASHing approach to developing student engagement and empowerment through ...A SMASHing approach to developing student engagement and empowerment through ...
A SMASHing approach to developing student engagement and empowerment through ...
 
Main wel7010 11
Main wel7010 11Main wel7010 11
Main wel7010 11
 
Tcea13
Tcea13Tcea13
Tcea13
 
Using social media for learning and teaching #Bett2017 #ALiSOnline
Using social media for learning and teaching #Bett2017 #ALiSOnlineUsing social media for learning and teaching #Bett2017 #ALiSOnline
Using social media for learning and teaching #Bett2017 #ALiSOnline
 
Building capacity for global connections and collaborations - New perspectives
Building capacity for global connections and collaborations - New perspectivesBuilding capacity for global connections and collaborations - New perspectives
Building capacity for global connections and collaborations - New perspectives
 
Online teaching: overcoming the challenges, 20 October 2020
Online teaching: overcoming the challenges, 20 October 2020Online teaching: overcoming the challenges, 20 October 2020
Online teaching: overcoming the challenges, 20 October 2020
 

More from Sue Beckingham

Digital Footprints to Career Pathways - Building a Strong Professional Online...
Digital Footprints to Career Pathways - Building a Strong Professional Online...Digital Footprints to Career Pathways - Building a Strong Professional Online...
Digital Footprints to Career Pathways - Building a Strong Professional Online...Sue Beckingham
 
Scaffolding the Effective use of EdTech for Group Assessments.pptx
Scaffolding the Effective use of EdTech for Group Assessments.pptxScaffolding the Effective use of EdTech for Group Assessments.pptx
Scaffolding the Effective use of EdTech for Group Assessments.pptxSue Beckingham
 
Using social media safely and appropriately in higher education - A reflectio...
Using social media safely and appropriately in higher education - A reflectio...Using social media safely and appropriately in higher education - A reflectio...
Using social media safely and appropriately in higher education - A reflectio...Sue Beckingham
 
From monologue to dialogue - Scaffolding multi-perspective and co-constructed...
From monologue to dialogue - Scaffolding multi-perspective and co-constructed...From monologue to dialogue - Scaffolding multi-perspective and co-constructed...
From monologue to dialogue - Scaffolding multi-perspective and co-constructed...Sue Beckingham
 
Students' use of social media for academic studies - The connecting bridge be...
Students' use of social media for academic studies - The connecting bridge be...Students' use of social media for academic studies - The connecting bridge be...
Students' use of social media for academic studies - The connecting bridge be...Sue Beckingham
 
How should our higher education institutions respond to innovations in new AI...
How should our higher education institutions respond to innovations in new AI...How should our higher education institutions respond to innovations in new AI...
How should our higher education institutions respond to innovations in new AI...Sue Beckingham
 
Exploring modality in the context of blended and hybrid education.pptx
Exploring modality in the context of blended and hybrid education.pptxExploring modality in the context of blended and hybrid education.pptx
Exploring modality in the context of blended and hybrid education.pptxSue Beckingham
 
Mattering, meaning making and motivation - Building trust and respect through...
Mattering, meaning making and motivation - Building trust and respect through...Mattering, meaning making and motivation - Building trust and respect through...
Mattering, meaning making and motivation - Building trust and respect through...Sue Beckingham
 
A practical approach to amplifying scholarly practice through digital technol...
A practical approach to amplifying scholarly practice through digital technol...A practical approach to amplifying scholarly practice through digital technol...
A practical approach to amplifying scholarly practice through digital technol...Sue Beckingham
 
The updated non-technical introduction to ChatGPT SEDA March 2023.pptx
The updated non-technical introduction to ChatGPT SEDA March 2023.pptxThe updated non-technical introduction to ChatGPT SEDA March 2023.pptx
The updated non-technical introduction to ChatGPT SEDA March 2023.pptxSue Beckingham
 
A non-technical introduction to ChatGPT - SEDA.pptx
A non-technical introduction to ChatGPT - SEDA.pptxA non-technical introduction to ChatGPT - SEDA.pptx
A non-technical introduction to ChatGPT - SEDA.pptxSue Beckingham
 
Using social media safely and appropriately in higher education.pptx
Using social media safely and appropriately in higher education.pptxUsing social media safely and appropriately in higher education.pptx
Using social media safely and appropriately in higher education.pptxSue Beckingham
 
Using social media to create your own professional development and PLN.pptx
Using social media to create your own professional development and PLN.pptxUsing social media to create your own professional development and PLN.pptx
Using social media to create your own professional development and PLN.pptxSue Beckingham
 
Getting to know your students through storytelling.pptx
Getting to know your students through storytelling.pptxGetting to know your students through storytelling.pptx
Getting to know your students through storytelling.pptxSue Beckingham
 
Recommendations from the ground - Student led use of social media to foster i...
Recommendations from the ground - Student led use of social media to foster i...Recommendations from the ground - Student led use of social media to foster i...
Recommendations from the ground - Student led use of social media to foster i...Sue Beckingham
 
The complex web of social interaction - Expanding virtual and spatial multili...
The complex web of social interaction - Expanding virtual and spatial multili...The complex web of social interaction - Expanding virtual and spatial multili...
The complex web of social interaction - Expanding virtual and spatial multili...Sue Beckingham
 
Learning as a Partnership - The Building Blocks of Multimodal Learning Commun...
Learning as a Partnership - The Building Blocks of Multimodal Learning Commun...Learning as a Partnership - The Building Blocks of Multimodal Learning Commun...
Learning as a Partnership - The Building Blocks of Multimodal Learning Commun...Sue Beckingham
 
Modes of Learning in Higher Education
Modes of Learning in Higher EducationModes of Learning in Higher Education
Modes of Learning in Higher EducationSue Beckingham
 
Building social learning communities
Building social learning communitiesBuilding social learning communities
Building social learning communitiesSue Beckingham
 
Recognising the value of interdependence through cooperative active learning
Recognising the value of interdependence through cooperative active learningRecognising the value of interdependence through cooperative active learning
Recognising the value of interdependence through cooperative active learningSue Beckingham
 

More from Sue Beckingham (20)

Digital Footprints to Career Pathways - Building a Strong Professional Online...
Digital Footprints to Career Pathways - Building a Strong Professional Online...Digital Footprints to Career Pathways - Building a Strong Professional Online...
Digital Footprints to Career Pathways - Building a Strong Professional Online...
 
Scaffolding the Effective use of EdTech for Group Assessments.pptx
Scaffolding the Effective use of EdTech for Group Assessments.pptxScaffolding the Effective use of EdTech for Group Assessments.pptx
Scaffolding the Effective use of EdTech for Group Assessments.pptx
 
Using social media safely and appropriately in higher education - A reflectio...
Using social media safely and appropriately in higher education - A reflectio...Using social media safely and appropriately in higher education - A reflectio...
Using social media safely and appropriately in higher education - A reflectio...
 
From monologue to dialogue - Scaffolding multi-perspective and co-constructed...
From monologue to dialogue - Scaffolding multi-perspective and co-constructed...From monologue to dialogue - Scaffolding multi-perspective and co-constructed...
From monologue to dialogue - Scaffolding multi-perspective and co-constructed...
 
Students' use of social media for academic studies - The connecting bridge be...
Students' use of social media for academic studies - The connecting bridge be...Students' use of social media for academic studies - The connecting bridge be...
Students' use of social media for academic studies - The connecting bridge be...
 
How should our higher education institutions respond to innovations in new AI...
How should our higher education institutions respond to innovations in new AI...How should our higher education institutions respond to innovations in new AI...
How should our higher education institutions respond to innovations in new AI...
 
Exploring modality in the context of blended and hybrid education.pptx
Exploring modality in the context of blended and hybrid education.pptxExploring modality in the context of blended and hybrid education.pptx
Exploring modality in the context of blended and hybrid education.pptx
 
Mattering, meaning making and motivation - Building trust and respect through...
Mattering, meaning making and motivation - Building trust and respect through...Mattering, meaning making and motivation - Building trust and respect through...
Mattering, meaning making and motivation - Building trust and respect through...
 
A practical approach to amplifying scholarly practice through digital technol...
A practical approach to amplifying scholarly practice through digital technol...A practical approach to amplifying scholarly practice through digital technol...
A practical approach to amplifying scholarly practice through digital technol...
 
The updated non-technical introduction to ChatGPT SEDA March 2023.pptx
The updated non-technical introduction to ChatGPT SEDA March 2023.pptxThe updated non-technical introduction to ChatGPT SEDA March 2023.pptx
The updated non-technical introduction to ChatGPT SEDA March 2023.pptx
 
A non-technical introduction to ChatGPT - SEDA.pptx
A non-technical introduction to ChatGPT - SEDA.pptxA non-technical introduction to ChatGPT - SEDA.pptx
A non-technical introduction to ChatGPT - SEDA.pptx
 
Using social media safely and appropriately in higher education.pptx
Using social media safely and appropriately in higher education.pptxUsing social media safely and appropriately in higher education.pptx
Using social media safely and appropriately in higher education.pptx
 
Using social media to create your own professional development and PLN.pptx
Using social media to create your own professional development and PLN.pptxUsing social media to create your own professional development and PLN.pptx
Using social media to create your own professional development and PLN.pptx
 
Getting to know your students through storytelling.pptx
Getting to know your students through storytelling.pptxGetting to know your students through storytelling.pptx
Getting to know your students through storytelling.pptx
 
Recommendations from the ground - Student led use of social media to foster i...
Recommendations from the ground - Student led use of social media to foster i...Recommendations from the ground - Student led use of social media to foster i...
Recommendations from the ground - Student led use of social media to foster i...
 
The complex web of social interaction - Expanding virtual and spatial multili...
The complex web of social interaction - Expanding virtual and spatial multili...The complex web of social interaction - Expanding virtual and spatial multili...
The complex web of social interaction - Expanding virtual and spatial multili...
 
Learning as a Partnership - The Building Blocks of Multimodal Learning Commun...
Learning as a Partnership - The Building Blocks of Multimodal Learning Commun...Learning as a Partnership - The Building Blocks of Multimodal Learning Commun...
Learning as a Partnership - The Building Blocks of Multimodal Learning Commun...
 
Modes of Learning in Higher Education
Modes of Learning in Higher EducationModes of Learning in Higher Education
Modes of Learning in Higher Education
 
Building social learning communities
Building social learning communitiesBuilding social learning communities
Building social learning communities
 
Recognising the value of interdependence through cooperative active learning
Recognising the value of interdependence through cooperative active learningRecognising the value of interdependence through cooperative active learning
Recognising the value of interdependence through cooperative active learning
 

Recently uploaded

The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptxThe basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and ModeMeasures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and ModeThiyagu K
 
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory InspectionMastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory InspectionSafetyChain Software
 
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...Marc Dusseiller Dusjagr
 
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13Steve Thomason
 
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Hybridoma Technology  ( Production , Purification , and Application  ) Hybridoma Technology  ( Production , Purification , and Application  )
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application ) Sakshi Ghasle
 
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptxEmployee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptxNirmalaLoungPoorunde1
 
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy ConsultingGrant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy ConsultingTechSoup
 
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptxContemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptxRoyAbrique
 
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptxCARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptxGaneshChakor2
 
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)eniolaolutunde
 
Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104
Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104
Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104misteraugie
 
Arihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdf
Arihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdfArihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdf
Arihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdfchloefrazer622
 
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global ImpactBeyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global ImpactPECB
 
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communicationInteractive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communicationnomboosow
 
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impactAccessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impactdawncurless
 
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdfWeb & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdfJayanti Pande
 

Recently uploaded (20)

The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptxThe basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
 
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and ModeMeasures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
 
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory InspectionMastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
 
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
 
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
 
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Hybridoma Technology  ( Production , Purification , and Application  ) Hybridoma Technology  ( Production , Purification , and Application  )
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
 
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptxEmployee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
 
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy ConsultingGrant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
 
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptxContemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
 
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptxCARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
 
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
 
Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104
Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104
Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104
 
Arihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdf
Arihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdfArihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdf
Arihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdf
 
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global ImpactBeyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
 
INDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptx
INDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptxINDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptx
INDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptx
 
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communicationInteractive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
 
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17
 
TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdfTataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
 
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impactAccessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
 
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdfWeb & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
 

Social Media Learning Framework

  • 1. Social Media for Learning Why we need to develop together a principle-based framework informing Teaching and Learning with Social Media Sue Beckingham | @suebecks Sheffield Hallam University
  • 2. Moving on from the desktop
  • 3. The Internet in real time - how quickly data is generated http://pennystocks.la/internet-in-real-time/
  • 4. The way we communicate has changed There are now a multiplexity of ways this can be done, building upon strong ties and creating new opportunities to develop weak ties
  • 5. #Socialnomics 2014 by Erik Qualman @equalman
  • 6. We are moving towards..... • Ubiquitous computing • Ubiquitous communication • Ubiquitous information • At unlimited speed • About everything • Everywhere • From anywhere • On all kinds of devices • Connect • Organise • Share • Collect • Collaborate • Publish Which makes it 'ridiculously easy' to..... (Michael Wesch 2010)
  • 7. A shift from being knowledgeable to Knowledge-Able Michael Wesch (Michael Wesch 2010)
  • 8. AND to continue this dialogue face to face CREATORS CURATORS CRITICS CONVERSATIONALISTS COLLABORATORS COMMUNICATORS Social Media EMPOWERS individuals to become digital: Beckingham 2013 http://www.slideshare.net/suebeckingham/scholarship-and-social-media
  • 10. Digital technologies and social media enable personal learning networks unconstrained by time and place
  • 11. Graphic literacy i.e. infographics Navigation literacy i.e. internet geography Context and connections literacy i.e. PLNs Focus literacy i.e. time for solitude switch Multitasking literacy i.e.. appliances, people Scepticism literacy i.e. ‘crap detection’ Ethical literacy i.e. trust RainieandWellman(2012:272-274) New Literacies for Networked Individuals
  • 12. receiving responding regurgitating Education 1.0 communicating contributing collaborating Education 2.0 connectors creators constructivists Education 3.0 self-directed, interest- based learning where problem-solving, innovation and creativity drive education Adapted from Gerstein 2014
  • 14. Social Media for Learning What would you add? • Participation • Collaboration • Interactivity • Communication • Community-building • Sharing • Networking • Creativity • Flexibility • Customisation • Curation • Connecting • Multimodality • Active learning • Cooperation • Responsibility • Mutuality • ??? Tweet using: #melsgljmu
  • 15. Developing a Social Media for Learning Framework • The following key principles offer a framework upon which the effective use of social media for teaching and learning can be plotted; • The ideas in the framework work in combination or independently of each other; • Each principle is informed by established ideas for effective teaching and learning and therefore help to clarify and legitimise the use of social media, in its various forms, in good academic practice. Middleton and Beckingham 2014
  • 16. Social Media for Learning Framework 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AUTHENTICALLY SITUATED MEDIANEUTRAL OPENAND ACCESSIBLE LIFEWIDEAND LIFELONG COOPERATIVE SOCIALLYINCLUSIVE LEARNER-CENTRED Middleton and Beckingham 2014
  • 17. • Socially inclusive • Lifewide and lifelong • Media neutral • Learner-centred • Cooperative • Open and accessible • Authentically situated Social Media for Learning Framework Middleton and Beckingham 2014
  • 18. Supporting and validating learning through mutually beneficial, jointly enterprising and communally constructive communities of practice; fostering a sense of belonging, being and becoming; promoting collegiality, feeling connected, social glue Middleton and Beckingham 2014
  • 19. Use a blog to tag and share information, invite student interaction using comments Choose a module Twitter hashtag for the class to share useful links Grab student "preview" or "exit interviews" using Vine Use Padlet to collate ideas from a virtual brainstorm Encourage Facebook groups!
  • 20. Lifewide and Lifelong formal non- formal informal Connecting formal, non-formal and informal learning progression; developing online presence; developing digital literacies for experiential, problem solving, creative and critical learning approaches Middleton and Beckingham 2014
  • 21. Get students to establish a LinkedIn presence and start to make valued connections Build a PLN of your own to connect with other educators Gather student ideas for discussion topics and ask them to vote for the most popular Ask students to capture and share key points learnt at the end of a module and revisit in the next, using text and images.
  • 22. Media neutral Learning across and through rich multiple media; providing opportunities for choices and self expression Middleton and Beckingham 2014
  • 23. Post concept clips on YouTube and invite comments as basis for flipped lecture using their chosen medium e.g. video, audio, images and 'wordles' Student 'about me' digital artefacts and embed in personal blog, portfolio, website Choose a curation tool to gather links and information
  • 24. Learner-centred Promoting self-regulation, creative self-expression, building self-efficacy and confidence; accommodating niche interests and activities, the ‘long tail’ of education Middleton and Beckingham 2014
  • 25. Introduce new approaches to note taking and get students to share via Twitter Ask students to identify, joining and contributing to subject or career relevant LinkedIn groups Use a problem based approach underpinned by a student co-production activity using Google Docs #sketchnotes @hopkinsdavid
  • 26. Co-operative Promotes working together productively and critically as peers (co-creation) in self-organising, robust networks that are scalable, loosely structured, self-validating, and both knowledge-forming and knowledge-sharing Middleton and Beckingham 2014
  • 27. Get students to create a shared course/subject newsletter Hold Tweet Chats as revision drop ins and Storify Use Diigo (Educator account) to set up a shared course/module social bookmarking group which allows students to critique resources selected
  • 28. Open and Accessible Supporting spacial, temporal and social openness; promoting open engagement in terms of access being geographically extended, inclusive, controlled by the learner, gratis, open market, unconstrained freedom, access to content Middleton and Beckingham 2014
  • 29. Use open educational resources (OERs) e.g. Jorum and promote open practice Create links with other universities and co-create an open blog Host a Google hangout on Air with a student panel of speakers. Invite listeners to post questions. This auto records on YouTube - Share the link via Twitter.
  • 30. Authentically situated Making connections across learning, social and professional networks; being scholarly and establishing a considered professional online presence and digital identity Middleton and Beckingham 2014
  • 31. Invite experts to speak to/with students via Skype or in a Google Hangout Create a Course LinkedIn Group to connect with Alumni Invite alumni to share working experiences at an event. Storify the Tweets and share presentations on SlideShare Hold TweetChats with Careers and students, to share good practice and questions.
  • 32.  Promote discussion informing curriculum design and staff development;  Validate and refine existing practice;  Help identify how social media can be further embedded in practice to enhance and transform it.  It is work in progress The framework and principles are intended to: Middleton and Beckingham 2014
  • 33. Learner-centered, lifelong learning has been the cry of knowledge society visionaries for the last decade. Yet learning continues to be delivered with teacher-centric tools in a twelve week format. Society is changing. Learners needs are changing. The course, as a model for learning, is being challenged by communities and networks, which are better able to attend to the varied characteristics of the learning process by using multiple approaches, orchestrated within a learning ecology.
  • 34. Learner-centered, lifelong learning has been the cry of knowledge society visionaries for the last decade. Yet learning continues to be delivered with teacher-centric tools in a twelve week format. Society is changing. Learners needs are changing. The course, as a model for learning, is being challenged by communities and networks, which are better able to attend to the varied characteristics of the learning process by using multiple approaches, orchestrated within a learning ecology. George Siemens 2003
  • 37. http://www.andymiah.net/2012/12/30/the-a-to-z-of-social-media-for-academics/ The A to Z of Social Media for Academia curated by Prof Andy Miah @andymiah
  • 38. Can we create an open learning ecology that enables learners to learn with and from each other in a supportive environment using authentic and inquiry- based pedagogical models? Nerantzi and Beckingham 2013
  • 39. Summer CPD 14-18 July http://byod4learning.wordpress.com/
  • 40. Sue Beckingham Sheffield Hallam University, UK @suebecks http://uk.linkedin.com/in/suebeckingham http://gplus.to/suebecks
  • 41. A Social Media for Learning framework was presented clarifying how social media is being used to enhance and transform learning. Key ideas, examples and questions about the use of social media use in higher education will be mapped to the framework which will provide a reference point to consider ideas, opportunities and challenges.

Editor's Notes

  1. Image source: http://pixabay.com/en/silhouettes-network-networking-76784/?oq=networking
  2. http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/04/03/data-point-social-networking-is-moving-on-from-the-desktop/
  3. http://pixabay.com/en/ball-about-globe-world-earth-blue-275707/
  4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zxpa4dNVd3c&list=UULC9cX5GntaQmTSF6hTqrzA&feature=share&index=2
  5. TEDxKC - Michael Wesch - From Knowledgeable to Knowledge-able http://youtu.be/LeaAHv4UTI8
  6. Networked, Rainie and Wellman 2012
  7. http://www.emergingedtech.com/2014/05/thought-leader-interview-jackie-gerstein/
  8. Image: http://pixabay.com/en/notebook-filofax-folio-scrapbook-316806/
  9. Image: http://pixabay.com/en/notebook-filofax-folio-scrapbook-316806
  10. https://conversationprism.com/
  11. Image: http://pixabay.com/en/notebook-filofax-folio-scrapbook-316806
  12. http://pixabay.com/en/gold-bear-gummi-bears-bear-yellow-318359/
  13. Image: http://pixabay.com/en/notebook-filofax-folio-scrapbook-316806
  14. http://pixabay.com/en/team-group-silhouettes-man-woman-84827/
  15. Image: http://pixabay.com/en/notebook-filofax-folio-scrapbook-316806
  16. http://pixabay.com/en/city-skyline-district-about-arched-291095/
  17. Image: http://pixabay.com/en/notebook-filofax-folio-scrapbook-316806
  18. http://pixabay.com/en/browser-internet-www-global-98386/
  19. Image: http://pixabay.com/en/notebook-filofax-folio-scrapbook-316806/
  20. Image source: http://pixabay.com/en/silhouettes-human-network-100353/?oq=networking
  21. http://www.elearnspace.org/Articles/learning_communities.htm
  22. http://www.elearnspace.org/Articles/learning_communities.htm
  23. http://elearningatshu.wordpress.com/2013/10/15/social-media-resources-for-students-at-sheffield-hallam/
  24. http://www.slideshare.net/ThomasLancaster/hea-cll-introduction
  25. Image source: http://pixabay.com/en/icon-blue-chat-shapes-out-free-35342/?oq=shapes