SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 30
Download to read offline
Presented by: Sulov Saha 
Md.Mehedi Hasan 
Klinton Ali 
Shuvasish Paul
Small pox
The Organism 
# Caused by Variola virus 
# Double stranded DNA virus 
# Genus: Orthopoxvirus 
# Variola major or minor 
# Stable outside host(retains infectivity)
Microbiology 
Variola major 
– Classic smallpox 
– Predominant form in Asian epidemics 
– Highest mortality (~30%) 
Variola minor 
– Causes milder disease 
– Discovered in 20th century 
– Started in S. Africa 
– Was most predominant form in N. America
Microbiology continues 
• All ages and genders affected 
• Incubation period 
• From infection to onset of prodrome 
• Range 7-17 days 
• Mortality 
• 30% overall in unvaccinated population 
• Infants, elderly greatest risk (>40%) 
• Dependent on virus strain 
• Dependent on disease variant
Small pox
First Case of Smallpox 
No animal reservoir and no 
human carriers. 
First certain evidence comes 
from the mummified remains 
of Ramses(1157 B.C.).
Pathophysiology 
Virus lands on respiratory/oral mucosa 
Macrophages carry to regional nodes 
Invades reticuloendothelial organs 
White Blood Cells infected 
Systemic inflammatory response
Stages of Smallpox 
Three stages of disease: 
• 1. Incubation 
• Asymptomatic 
• 2. Prodromal 
• Nonspecific febrile illness, 
flu-like 
• 3. Eruptive 
• Characteristic rash
RasCh Sltiangeisc oaf Dl efveelaoptmuernte
Small pox
HostC Gelniens Exipcreasseld Dfuerinag Stmuallproex
Symptoms & Signs 
• The first symptoms of smallpox usually appear 
12 to 14 days after you're infected. 
• During the incubation period of seven to 17 
days, you look and feel healthy and can't 
infect others.
Symptoms
• Initially via aerosol 
• Then person-to-person 
• Hospital outbreaks from coughing 
patients 
• Highly infectious 
Airborne route 
Infectious Materials: 
Saliva 
Vesicular fluid 
Scabs 
Urine 
Conjunctival fluid 
Possibly blood 
Transmission
Diagnosis 
• Physical examination and blood 
tests. Fever and the distinctive, 
progressive skin rash will indicate 
smallpox. 
• Smallpox and monkeypox virions 
may be indistinguishable.
Prevention 
• The smallpox vaccine is the only known way to 
prevent smallpox in an exposed person. The smallpox 
vaccine helps the body develop immunity to 
smallpox.
Treatment 
Variolation 
• Inoculation with infectious smallpox 
• Scabs or pustular material 
• 3% mortality 
• Immunized were infectious - outbreaks 
• Provided full immunity 
• Originated in Eastern countries in ancient 
times 
• Started in U.S. by Rev. Cotton Mather 1721
Vaccination 
Edward 
Jenner 
develops 
vaccine 
1796 
Freeze-dying 
technolog 
y 
1940’s 
Licensure 
of 
bifurcate 
d needle 
1965 
Attenuated 
1975 strains 
Vaccine 
removed 
from 
civilian 
market 
1983
Vaccine Administration 
Jet gun 
• Rapid 
• High maintenance 
Bifurcated needle 
• High efficacy, sterilizable, rapid 
(1500/day) 
• Uses less vaccine 
• Mainstay for the WHO 
eradication campaign
Smallpox Vaccine 
Smallpox (Vaccinia) 
Vaccine Dryvax® 
• Lyophilized vaccinia 
containing calf lymph. 
• Trace amounts of 
antibiotics: 
• Polymyxin B. 
• Streptomycin. 
• Chlortetracycline. 
• Neomycin.
Complications of Vaccination 
Treatments for Complications: 
1. Vaccinia Immune 
Globulin(VIG) 
2. Cidofovir 
Eczema 
vaccinatum 
Progressive 
vaccinia 
Generalized 
vaccinia 
Post-vaccinial 
encephalitis
• Exposure to a case 
patient after fever 
onset 
• Contact with 
secretions or 
• Face-to-face contact or 
• In nosocomial setting 
with a case 
• Includes all hospital 
patients and staff 
Carefully 
identify 
true 
contacts:- 
Management of Case Contacts
Outbreak Management 
Contact to Contact 
Contact to Case 
Case 
Fig: Ring vaccination 
Strategy 
in 
outbreak 
• All confirmed or 
suspected cases 
• All contacts of 
confirmed/suspected 
cases 
• All hospital 
personnel of 
hospitalized cases 
• All other patients in 
hospital with cases
WHO Smallpox Eradication 
Campaign Begins
Campaign Continues
The End of Smallpox 
• Oct 26, 1977, last case of smallpox. 
• May 8, 1980, official declaration by WHO - Smallpox 
Eradicated! 
Last case 
of Variola 
minor, 
Somalia 
1977 
Last case of 
Variola 
major, 
Bangladesh 
1975
Factors That Allowed Smallpox 
Slow spread 
Effective, 
relatively safe 
vaccine 
No 
animal/insect 
vectors 
International 
cooperation 
Prior infection 
gives lifelong 
immunity 
Infectious 
only with 
symptoms 
Eradication
Variola viruses 
do not exist in 
nature. 
Some nations are 
suspected of 
having active 
bioweapons 
programs. 
North Korea 
Syria 
Iran 
Israel 
Russia 
Some may have 
kept smallpox 
stocks hidden. 
The world is ill-prepared 
for 
smallpox. 
Vaccination is 
no longer 
routine. 
Thus, a large 
susceptible 
population. 
Smallpox as a Biological Weapon
Thanks

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Yellow fever
Yellow feverYellow fever
Yellow fever
 
Yellow fever
Yellow feverYellow fever
Yellow fever
 
Smallpox
Smallpox Smallpox
Smallpox
 
Presentation on smallpox
 Presentation on smallpox Presentation on smallpox
Presentation on smallpox
 
Influenza
Influenza Influenza
Influenza
 
Plague
PlaguePlague
Plague
 
Small pox and chickenpox
Small pox and chickenpox  Small pox and chickenpox
Small pox and chickenpox
 
Scrub typhus
Scrub typhusScrub typhus
Scrub typhus
 
SMALL POX new.pptx
SMALL POX new.pptxSMALL POX new.pptx
SMALL POX new.pptx
 
Epidemiology of smallpox,chickenpox,rubella and measles
Epidemiology of smallpox,chickenpox,rubella and measlesEpidemiology of smallpox,chickenpox,rubella and measles
Epidemiology of smallpox,chickenpox,rubella and measles
 
Plague
PlaguePlague
Plague
 
swine Flu Influenza Pptx
swine Flu Influenza Pptxswine Flu Influenza Pptx
swine Flu Influenza Pptx
 
Infleunza
InfleunzaInfleunza
Infleunza
 
COVID-19
COVID-19COVID-19
COVID-19
 
Influenza
InfluenzaInfluenza
Influenza
 
Small pox
Small poxSmall pox
Small pox
 
Influenza
InfluenzaInfluenza
Influenza
 
Diphtheria
DiphtheriaDiphtheria
Diphtheria
 
Human salmonellosis
Human salmonellosisHuman salmonellosis
Human salmonellosis
 
Typhus and its management
Typhus and its managementTyphus and its management
Typhus and its management
 

Similar to Small pox

Share_smallpoxchickenpoxrizwan-160925004343.pdf
Share_smallpoxchickenpoxrizwan-160925004343.pdfShare_smallpoxchickenpoxrizwan-160925004343.pdf
Share_smallpoxchickenpoxrizwan-160925004343.pdfEkranthkumar
 
Small pox and chicken pox
Small pox and chicken poxSmall pox and chicken pox
Small pox and chicken poxRizwan S A
 
Chickenpox Varicella zoster virus.VZV FIJI
Chickenpox Varicella zoster virus.VZV FIJIChickenpox Varicella zoster virus.VZV FIJI
Chickenpox Varicella zoster virus.VZV FIJIOsamaBinKhalid2
 
Monkeypox by Dr O.O. Afuye
Monkeypox by Dr O.O. AfuyeMonkeypox by Dr O.O. Afuye
Monkeypox by Dr O.O. AfuyeOlubunmi Afuye
 
understandingmonkeypox-.pptx
understandingmonkeypox-.pptxunderstandingmonkeypox-.pptx
understandingmonkeypox-.pptxTarunKannan
 
SMALL POX; Variola virus@variola major and variola minor.pptx
SMALL POX; Variola virus@variola major and variola minor.pptxSMALL POX; Variola virus@variola major and variola minor.pptx
SMALL POX; Variola virus@variola major and variola minor.pptxSamirMoirangthem
 
Measles and its prevention - Slideset by professor Edwards
Measles and its prevention - Slideset by professor EdwardsMeasles and its prevention - Slideset by professor Edwards
Measles and its prevention - Slideset by professor EdwardsWAidid
 
Arthropod. borne part 1
Arthropod. borne  part 1Arthropod. borne  part 1
Arthropod. borne part 1monaaboserea
 
monkeypox- amended 2.pptx
monkeypox- amended 2.pptxmonkeypox- amended 2.pptx
monkeypox- amended 2.pptxHelen Utaji
 
epidemiology of common infectious diseases-resp,git,arthropod.pptx
epidemiology of common infectious diseases-resp,git,arthropod.pptxepidemiology of common infectious diseases-resp,git,arthropod.pptx
epidemiology of common infectious diseases-resp,git,arthropod.pptxsanakhader3
 

Similar to Small pox (20)

Share_smallpoxchickenpoxrizwan-160925004343.pdf
Share_smallpoxchickenpoxrizwan-160925004343.pdfShare_smallpoxchickenpoxrizwan-160925004343.pdf
Share_smallpoxchickenpoxrizwan-160925004343.pdf
 
Smallpox
 Smallpox  Smallpox
Smallpox
 
Small pox and chicken pox
Small pox and chicken poxSmall pox and chicken pox
Small pox and chicken pox
 
9 - Viral Pathogens
9 - Viral Pathogens9 - Viral Pathogens
9 - Viral Pathogens
 
Chickenpox Varicella zoster virus.VZV FIJI
Chickenpox Varicella zoster virus.VZV FIJIChickenpox Varicella zoster virus.VZV FIJI
Chickenpox Varicella zoster virus.VZV FIJI
 
smallpox
smallpoxsmallpox
smallpox
 
MonkeyPox Virus
MonkeyPox Virus MonkeyPox Virus
MonkeyPox Virus
 
CPD Monkeypox.pptx
CPD Monkeypox.pptxCPD Monkeypox.pptx
CPD Monkeypox.pptx
 
Monkeypox by Dr O.O. Afuye
Monkeypox by Dr O.O. AfuyeMonkeypox by Dr O.O. Afuye
Monkeypox by Dr O.O. Afuye
 
understandingmonkeypox-.pptx
understandingmonkeypox-.pptxunderstandingmonkeypox-.pptx
understandingmonkeypox-.pptx
 
SMALL POX; Variola virus@variola major and variola minor.pptx
SMALL POX; Variola virus@variola major and variola minor.pptxSMALL POX; Variola virus@variola major and variola minor.pptx
SMALL POX; Variola virus@variola major and variola minor.pptx
 
Poxvirus
PoxvirusPoxvirus
Poxvirus
 
Typhoid fever
Typhoid feverTyphoid fever
Typhoid fever
 
Chikungunya
ChikungunyaChikungunya
Chikungunya
 
Dengue .pptx
Dengue .pptxDengue .pptx
Dengue .pptx
 
Measles and its prevention - Slideset by professor Edwards
Measles and its prevention - Slideset by professor EdwardsMeasles and its prevention - Slideset by professor Edwards
Measles and its prevention - Slideset by professor Edwards
 
Arthropod. borne part 1
Arthropod. borne  part 1Arthropod. borne  part 1
Arthropod. borne part 1
 
monkeypox- amended 2.pptx
monkeypox- amended 2.pptxmonkeypox- amended 2.pptx
monkeypox- amended 2.pptx
 
epidemiology of common infectious diseases-resp,git,arthropod.pptx
epidemiology of common infectious diseases-resp,git,arthropod.pptxepidemiology of common infectious diseases-resp,git,arthropod.pptx
epidemiology of common infectious diseases-resp,git,arthropod.pptx
 
Mumps
MumpsMumps
Mumps
 

Recently uploaded

Legacy Analysis of Dark Matter Annihilation from the Milky Way Dwarf Spheroid...
Legacy Analysis of Dark Matter Annihilation from the Milky Way Dwarf Spheroid...Legacy Analysis of Dark Matter Annihilation from the Milky Way Dwarf Spheroid...
Legacy Analysis of Dark Matter Annihilation from the Milky Way Dwarf Spheroid...Sérgio Sacani
 
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptx
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptxIB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptx
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptxUalikhanKalkhojayev1
 
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.ShwetaHattimare
 
Application of Foraminiferal Ecology- Rahul.pptx
Application of Foraminiferal Ecology- Rahul.pptxApplication of Foraminiferal Ecology- Rahul.pptx
Application of Foraminiferal Ecology- Rahul.pptxRahulVishwakarma71547
 
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptx
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptxBureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptx
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptxkastureyashashree
 
Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and Engineers
Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and EngineersPhysics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and Engineers
Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and EngineersAndreaLucarelli
 
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdfPests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdfPirithiRaju
 
SCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptx
SCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptxSCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptx
SCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptxROVELYNEDELUNA3
 
Basic Concepts in Pharmacology in molecular .pptx
Basic Concepts in Pharmacology in molecular  .pptxBasic Concepts in Pharmacology in molecular  .pptx
Basic Concepts in Pharmacology in molecular .pptxVijayaKumarR28
 
Pests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPRPests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPRPirithiRaju
 
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabusAlternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabusPradnya Wadekar
 
Digitized Continuous Magnetic Recordings for the August/September 1859 Storms...
Digitized Continuous Magnetic Recordings for the August/September 1859 Storms...Digitized Continuous Magnetic Recordings for the August/September 1859 Storms...
Digitized Continuous Magnetic Recordings for the August/September 1859 Storms...Sérgio Sacani
 
Krishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्र
Krishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्रKrishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्र
Krishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्रKrashi Coaching
 
Principles & Formulation of Hair Care Products
Principles & Formulation of Hair Care  ProductsPrinciples & Formulation of Hair Care  Products
Principles & Formulation of Hair Care Productspurwaborkar@gmail.com
 
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docxApplied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docxmarwaahmad357
 
Human brain.. It's parts and function.
Human brain.. It's parts and function. Human brain.. It's parts and function.
Human brain.. It's parts and function. MUKTA MANJARI SAHOO
 
Gene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdf
Gene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdfGene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdf
Gene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdfNetHelix
 
CW marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docx
CW  marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docxCW  marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docx
CW marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docxmarwaahmad357
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Legacy Analysis of Dark Matter Annihilation from the Milky Way Dwarf Spheroid...
Legacy Analysis of Dark Matter Annihilation from the Milky Way Dwarf Spheroid...Legacy Analysis of Dark Matter Annihilation from the Milky Way Dwarf Spheroid...
Legacy Analysis of Dark Matter Annihilation from the Milky Way Dwarf Spheroid...
 
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptx
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptxIB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptx
IB Biology New syllabus B3.2 Transport.pptx
 
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
 
Application of Foraminiferal Ecology- Rahul.pptx
Application of Foraminiferal Ecology- Rahul.pptxApplication of Foraminiferal Ecology- Rahul.pptx
Application of Foraminiferal Ecology- Rahul.pptx
 
Data delivery from the US-EPA Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposur...
Data delivery from the US-EPA Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposur...Data delivery from the US-EPA Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposur...
Data delivery from the US-EPA Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposur...
 
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptx
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptxBureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptx
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptx
 
Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and Engineers
Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and EngineersPhysics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and Engineers
Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and Engineers
 
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdfPests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
 
SCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptx
SCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptxSCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptx
SCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptx
 
Basic Concepts in Pharmacology in molecular .pptx
Basic Concepts in Pharmacology in molecular  .pptxBasic Concepts in Pharmacology in molecular  .pptx
Basic Concepts in Pharmacology in molecular .pptx
 
Pests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPRPests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPR
Pests of tenai_Identification,Binomics_Dr.UPR
 
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabusAlternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
 
Digitized Continuous Magnetic Recordings for the August/September 1859 Storms...
Digitized Continuous Magnetic Recordings for the August/September 1859 Storms...Digitized Continuous Magnetic Recordings for the August/September 1859 Storms...
Digitized Continuous Magnetic Recordings for the August/September 1859 Storms...
 
Krishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्र
Krishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्रKrishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्र
Krishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्र
 
Principles & Formulation of Hair Care Products
Principles & Formulation of Hair Care  ProductsPrinciples & Formulation of Hair Care  Products
Principles & Formulation of Hair Care Products
 
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docxApplied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
 
Human brain.. It's parts and function.
Human brain.. It's parts and function. Human brain.. It's parts and function.
Human brain.. It's parts and function.
 
Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analyt...
Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analyt...Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analyt...
Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analyt...
 
Gene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdf
Gene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdfGene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdf
Gene transfer in plants agrobacterium.pdf
 
CW marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docx
CW  marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docxCW  marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docx
CW marking grid Analytical BS - M Ahmad.docx
 

Small pox

  • 1. Presented by: Sulov Saha Md.Mehedi Hasan Klinton Ali Shuvasish Paul
  • 3. The Organism # Caused by Variola virus # Double stranded DNA virus # Genus: Orthopoxvirus # Variola major or minor # Stable outside host(retains infectivity)
  • 4. Microbiology Variola major – Classic smallpox – Predominant form in Asian epidemics – Highest mortality (~30%) Variola minor – Causes milder disease – Discovered in 20th century – Started in S. Africa – Was most predominant form in N. America
  • 5. Microbiology continues • All ages and genders affected • Incubation period • From infection to onset of prodrome • Range 7-17 days • Mortality • 30% overall in unvaccinated population • Infants, elderly greatest risk (>40%) • Dependent on virus strain • Dependent on disease variant
  • 7. First Case of Smallpox No animal reservoir and no human carriers. First certain evidence comes from the mummified remains of Ramses(1157 B.C.).
  • 8. Pathophysiology Virus lands on respiratory/oral mucosa Macrophages carry to regional nodes Invades reticuloendothelial organs White Blood Cells infected Systemic inflammatory response
  • 9. Stages of Smallpox Three stages of disease: • 1. Incubation • Asymptomatic • 2. Prodromal • Nonspecific febrile illness, flu-like • 3. Eruptive • Characteristic rash
  • 10. RasCh Sltiangeisc oaf Dl efveelaoptmuernte
  • 12. HostC Gelniens Exipcreasseld Dfuerinag Stmuallproex
  • 13. Symptoms & Signs • The first symptoms of smallpox usually appear 12 to 14 days after you're infected. • During the incubation period of seven to 17 days, you look and feel healthy and can't infect others.
  • 15. • Initially via aerosol • Then person-to-person • Hospital outbreaks from coughing patients • Highly infectious Airborne route Infectious Materials: Saliva Vesicular fluid Scabs Urine Conjunctival fluid Possibly blood Transmission
  • 16. Diagnosis • Physical examination and blood tests. Fever and the distinctive, progressive skin rash will indicate smallpox. • Smallpox and monkeypox virions may be indistinguishable.
  • 17. Prevention • The smallpox vaccine is the only known way to prevent smallpox in an exposed person. The smallpox vaccine helps the body develop immunity to smallpox.
  • 18. Treatment Variolation • Inoculation with infectious smallpox • Scabs or pustular material • 3% mortality • Immunized were infectious - outbreaks • Provided full immunity • Originated in Eastern countries in ancient times • Started in U.S. by Rev. Cotton Mather 1721
  • 19. Vaccination Edward Jenner develops vaccine 1796 Freeze-dying technolog y 1940’s Licensure of bifurcate d needle 1965 Attenuated 1975 strains Vaccine removed from civilian market 1983
  • 20. Vaccine Administration Jet gun • Rapid • High maintenance Bifurcated needle • High efficacy, sterilizable, rapid (1500/day) • Uses less vaccine • Mainstay for the WHO eradication campaign
  • 21. Smallpox Vaccine Smallpox (Vaccinia) Vaccine Dryvax® • Lyophilized vaccinia containing calf lymph. • Trace amounts of antibiotics: • Polymyxin B. • Streptomycin. • Chlortetracycline. • Neomycin.
  • 22. Complications of Vaccination Treatments for Complications: 1. Vaccinia Immune Globulin(VIG) 2. Cidofovir Eczema vaccinatum Progressive vaccinia Generalized vaccinia Post-vaccinial encephalitis
  • 23. • Exposure to a case patient after fever onset • Contact with secretions or • Face-to-face contact or • In nosocomial setting with a case • Includes all hospital patients and staff Carefully identify true contacts:- Management of Case Contacts
  • 24. Outbreak Management Contact to Contact Contact to Case Case Fig: Ring vaccination Strategy in outbreak • All confirmed or suspected cases • All contacts of confirmed/suspected cases • All hospital personnel of hospitalized cases • All other patients in hospital with cases
  • 25. WHO Smallpox Eradication Campaign Begins
  • 27. The End of Smallpox • Oct 26, 1977, last case of smallpox. • May 8, 1980, official declaration by WHO - Smallpox Eradicated! Last case of Variola minor, Somalia 1977 Last case of Variola major, Bangladesh 1975
  • 28. Factors That Allowed Smallpox Slow spread Effective, relatively safe vaccine No animal/insect vectors International cooperation Prior infection gives lifelong immunity Infectious only with symptoms Eradication
  • 29. Variola viruses do not exist in nature. Some nations are suspected of having active bioweapons programs. North Korea Syria Iran Israel Russia Some may have kept smallpox stocks hidden. The world is ill-prepared for smallpox. Vaccination is no longer routine. Thus, a large susceptible population. Smallpox as a Biological Weapon