2. What is LASER BEAM ?
• The term laser is an acronym for Light Amplification by
Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
• A laser beam is a powerful, narrow, monochromatic and
directional beam of electromagnetic radiation.
• Often, these beams are within the visible spectrum of
light.
• A laser device excites the atoms in a lasing medium. The
electrons of these atoms move to a higher orbit, then
release photons, creating a laser beam.
3. Properties of LASER
• A LASER beam is highly intense in nature.
• LASER beam is having strictly monochromatic.
• LASER light is highly powerful and capable of
propagating over long distance & are not easily
absorbed by water.
• LASER beam is also said to be highly
directional.
• This beam is coherent with the wave train in
phase with each other.
4. History of laser
In 1957, a Columbia University student named Gordon
Gould designed the first laser device. His mentor,
Charles Townes, had designed and built a device
called the maser, which used microwaves, rather then
light, to produce a coherent beam of electromagnetic
radiation. Townes' had also designed an optical maser,
and thus many people have credited him with the
invention of the laser as well. Gould began a patent
war, which lasted until 1977, when he finally won his
first laser patent .
5. Types of laser
• Types of lasers include gas, liquid and solid.
Gas lasers excite the electrons in gases, such
as helium, neon, cadmium, carbon dioxide and
nitrogen. Liquid lasers include the dye laser,
which uses organic dye molecules in liquid form
to produce a wavelength of radiation that can
be tuned. Solid lasers include the ruby laser,
which uses a precious stone to produce a
beam of red light.
6. Function of laser
• Laser beams are most commonly used in CD and
DVD devices, optical scanners, computer mice, laser
printers and pointers. They are also used to produce
holograms. Laser beams are used in industry to cut
and weld metal and to survey land and construct
buildings. In scientific research, they're used in laser
spectroscopy and chemical analysis. They are used in
medical procedures such as eye, cancer and heart
surgery, as well as in cosmetic procedures. Dental
applications include cavity treatment, nerve
regeneration and reshaping gum tissue.
7. Benefits of laser
• Laser beams can store and play back high-quality still
pictures, video and audio, as well as to store computer
data. They can measure distances with a high degree
of accuracy. Laser scanners in grocery stores save
time in pricing products and in processing the
customer's purchase. In industry, laser cutting and
welding are faster and more precise than other
methods. In medical and dental procedures, lasers do
less damage than scalpels and drills. Scientific
research using lasers has led to real-world advances,
such as the use of fiber optics in telephone
communications and computer networking.
8. Effects of laser
The advances in laser technology have resulted in
laser beams becoming commonplace. We use
lasers every day, often without realizing we're
doing so. Future advances in laser technology
will undoubtedly produce improvements in the
areas of entertainment, medicine, dentistry,
computing, defense and telecommunications.
Lasers may also be used to produce energy in
times to come.
9. Laser welding process
• When overlaying with a laser an optical
arrangement is used to focus the laser
beam on the work piece and heat it.
Simultaneously hardfacing material in the
form of powder is introduced into the laser
beam and melted. Due to the narrow heat
affected zone and the fast cooling rate the
heat input is low, thereby producing an
almost stress free overlay.
12. Benefits of laser welding
• Low heat input
• Fast cooling
• Almost stress free overlays
• High hardness
• Fine microstructure
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16. Laser welding
• Laser welding is a
commercial process used
to weld a wide range of
materials. The beam is
focused towards the joint
which causes the
materials to change from
solid to liquid state. Upon
cooling it returns to a
solid state.
17. Iridium tough laser welding
• The 0.4mm iridium tip that generates
the high performance of the IRIDIUM
TOUGH is an alloy with a very high
melting point. Therefore, ordinary
resistance welding cannot be used
because the iridium does not melt
enough and an adequate weld
strength cannot be guaranteed.
"360° laser welding", which employs
a high-energy laser, is used in the
IRIDIUM TOUGH to melt and weld all
around welding points.
Because all area to be welded is
completely melted, the welding point
is extremely reliable, thus ensuring
stable and quality response without
changes in the electrode, even under
heavy driving conditions.
18. Holographic laser display
• Holographic laser light shows can split a single Solid
State (DPSS) laser beam by passing the beam through a
passive diffractive holographic optical element, which in
turn passes through a circular periodicity
electromechanical spinning wheel. This spinning disk
splits the laser beam into over 1 million individual beams.
Diffractive holographic optical elements work by breaking
up the incoming wave of light which recombine to form
numerous new light waves. This process turns the
conventional ‘laser pattern’ into a random and seamless
laser show, each new laser beam is scattered and
dispersed over large area .
19. Laser lighting display
• Laser light is useful in
entertainment because the
coherent nature of laser light
allows a narrow beam to be
produced, which allows the
use of optical scanning to draw
patterns or images on walls,
ceilings or other surfaces
including
theatrical smoke and fog
without refocusing for the
differences in distance, as is
common with video projection.
This inherently more focused
beam is also extremely visible,
and is often used as an effect.
Sometimes the beams are
"bounced" to different positions
with mirrors to create laser
sculptures.
20.
21. Safety
• Some lasers have the potential to cause
eye damage if aimed directly into the eye,
or if someone were to stare directly into a
stationary laser beam. Some high-power
lasers used in entertainment applications
can also cause burns or skin damage if
enough energy (typically a stationary
beam) is directed onto the human body
and at a close enough range.
24. Laser cutting
• A computer controlled high power laser
beam is focused on the work piece and
the resulting heat energy melts or
vaporizes the material. Any resulting
molten material is blown way by
pressurized gas during the cutting process
creating a high quality edge.
26. Laser Cutting Specs
• Max Cut Size 3mm X 1.5mm X 16mm
Thick.
• Max Cut Size 3mm X 1.5mm X 16mm
Thick.
27. Advantages of laser cutting
• No physical contact with work piece.
• Small heat affected zone ( less than plasma )
• Minimal material warping.
• Precision cutting .
• Complex contours.
• Intrcateshapes
• Quiet
• Clean edges
• Narrow kerf
• Part nesting
• No tool wear
