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Submitted by: Surbhi Vijh UE85098 BE ECE (II), 7 th  Sem
“ If we continue to develop our technology without wisdom or prudence, our servant may prove to be our executioner”.  -  Omar N. Bradley
WHAT IS A CELL PHONE? ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FIRST MOBILE TELEPHONE SYSTEM One and only one high power base  station with which all users communicate. Normal Telephone System Wired connection
THE CELLULAR CONCEPT ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object],[object Object]
CHANGING THE CELL
ADVANTAGE: In typical analog cell phone system, each carrier receives about 800 frequencies  to use across a city. With the use of this concept, different cells (non-adjacent) can use the same set of frequencies.
WORKING ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
THE FIRST CELL PHONE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
AN IMPORTANT TECHNOLOGY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
ILL EFFECTS OF MOBILES
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)
3 sources of radiation
1.RADIATION EFFECT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2. THERMAL EFFECTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DIELECTRIC HEATING
3. NON- THERMAL EFFECTS ,[object Object],[object Object]
4. BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER EFFECTS Mobile phones open up the Blood Brain Barrier
 
5. CANCER AND BRAIN TUMOUR
6. COGNITIVE EFFECTS 7.  ELECTROMAGNETIC HYPERSENSITIVITY The study confirmed longer (slower) response times to a spatial working memory task when exposed to RFR from a standard GSM cellular phone placed next to the head of male subjects, and showed that longer duration of exposure to RFR may increase the effects on performance.  Several unspecific  symptoms  during and after use; ranging from burning and  tingling sensations  in the skin of the head and extremities,  fatigue , sleep disturbances,  dizziness , loss of mental  attention ,  reaction times and memory retentiveness, headaches, malaise,   tachycardia  ( heart  palpitations), to disturbances of the  digestive system . Reports have noted that all of these symptoms can also be attributed to  stress  and that current research cannot separate the symptoms from  nocebo  effects.
8. GENOTOXIC EFFECT 9.  SLEEP AND EEG EFFECTS Sleep, EEG and waking rCBF(regional cerebral blood flow)  have been studied in relation to RF exposure for a decade now, and the majority of papers published to date have found some form of effect.  Australian research conducted in 2009 by subjecting  in vitro  samples of human  spermatozoa  to radio-frequency radiation at 1.8 GHz and  specific absorption rates  (SAR) of 0.4 to 27.5 W/kg showed a correlation between increasing SAR and decreased  motility  and  vitality  in sperm, increased  oxidative stress , stimulating DNA base adduct formation and increased  DNA fragmentation .
10.  DECREASED HIP-BONE DENSITY Men who routinely wear their cell phones clipped to their belts have a reduced bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in the hip, according to a study from National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. Electromagnetic radiation is theorized to be the cause of the decrease in bone strength.
11. EFFECT ON HEART ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cell phones may interfere with pacemakers
SOME STUDIES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Body Voltage Levels ,[object Object],Value Range Neurologically Impaired Children 1,872 milliVolts    (380-6,040) Healthy Group  224  milliVolts   (12-480) Result:  8.4x Higher Body Voltage Levels in Mom’s with Neurologically Impaired Children *Note research shoes whatever the Body Voltage of the Mom, it is even higher in the foetus. ,[object Object],Value Range Neurologically Impaired Children 1,028  milliVolts      (420-4,900) Healthy Group  120 milliVolts        (0-230) Result:  8.5x Higher Body Voltage in Neurologically Impaired Child’s Sleeping Location
Microwave Exposure ,[object Object],mw/sq. meter Range Neurologically Impaired Children 290 (110-1,710) Healthy Group  14 (0-67) Result:  20.7x higher microwave power density in mom’s sleeping location in cases where children were neurologically impaired.
HEALTH HAZARDS OF BASE STATIONS
SOME STUDIES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SAFETY AND STANDARDS
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ICNIRP Reference Levels
Therefore, more the number of towers, less will be power transmitted by your cell phone Safety Limits – Proximity devices Device FCC /OSHA Typical Comment Cell phone / mobile phone / PDA / Scanner 1.6 W/kg over 1 gram of body mass, 4 W near hands, wrists, feet and ankles 0.1mW to 0.5W at the handset 0.5 W if user is at edge of the cell, 0.1mW if user is near a cell tower +
PRECAUTIONS
 
 
 
 
[object Object]
 
[object Object]
 
[object Object]
Cell Phone EMF Radiation Detector Cell Phone & Small Appliance EMF Anti-Radiation Protector Strip Cell-Shield Cell Phone Case with Radiation Shield (Model A) Cell Phone Radiation Shield - Anti-Radiation Shield Sticker for Cellular Phones RF3 ENVi Natural Wood Stereo Earbud Cell Phone Headset with 3.5 mm Jack Airtube Wireless "Single" Ear Hook Headphone Radiation Free Fits Both 2.5mm and 3.5mm Jack , Compatible with Ipod, Iphone & Blackberry and All Cellphones with 2.5mm and 3.5mm Jack
REFRENCES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
THANK YOU

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Ill effects of mobile

  • 1. Submitted by: Surbhi Vijh UE85098 BE ECE (II), 7 th Sem
  • 2. “ If we continue to develop our technology without wisdom or prudence, our servant may prove to be our executioner”.  - Omar N. Bradley
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. FIRST MOBILE TELEPHONE SYSTEM One and only one high power base station with which all users communicate. Normal Telephone System Wired connection
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.  
  • 9.
  • 11. ADVANTAGE: In typical analog cell phone system, each carrier receives about 800 frequencies to use across a city. With the use of this concept, different cells (non-adjacent) can use the same set of frequencies.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.  
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.  
  • 19.  
  • 20. ILL EFFECTS OF MOBILES
  • 21.
  • 22. 3 sources of radiation
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 26.
  • 27. 4. BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER EFFECTS Mobile phones open up the Blood Brain Barrier
  • 28.  
  • 29. 5. CANCER AND BRAIN TUMOUR
  • 30. 6. COGNITIVE EFFECTS 7. ELECTROMAGNETIC HYPERSENSITIVITY The study confirmed longer (slower) response times to a spatial working memory task when exposed to RFR from a standard GSM cellular phone placed next to the head of male subjects, and showed that longer duration of exposure to RFR may increase the effects on performance. Several unspecific  symptoms  during and after use; ranging from burning and  tingling sensations  in the skin of the head and extremities,  fatigue , sleep disturbances,  dizziness , loss of mental  attention ,  reaction times and memory retentiveness, headaches, malaise,   tachycardia  ( heart  palpitations), to disturbances of the  digestive system . Reports have noted that all of these symptoms can also be attributed to  stress  and that current research cannot separate the symptoms from nocebo  effects.
  • 31. 8. GENOTOXIC EFFECT 9. SLEEP AND EEG EFFECTS Sleep, EEG and waking rCBF(regional cerebral blood flow)  have been studied in relation to RF exposure for a decade now, and the majority of papers published to date have found some form of effect. Australian research conducted in 2009 by subjecting  in vitro  samples of human  spermatozoa  to radio-frequency radiation at 1.8 GHz and  specific absorption rates  (SAR) of 0.4 to 27.5 W/kg showed a correlation between increasing SAR and decreased  motility  and  vitality  in sperm, increased  oxidative stress , stimulating DNA base adduct formation and increased  DNA fragmentation .
  • 32. 10. DECREASED HIP-BONE DENSITY Men who routinely wear their cell phones clipped to their belts have a reduced bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in the hip, according to a study from National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. Electromagnetic radiation is theorized to be the cause of the decrease in bone strength.
  • 33.
  • 34. Cell phones may interfere with pacemakers
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39. HEALTH HAZARDS OF BASE STATIONS
  • 40.
  • 42.
  • 44. Therefore, more the number of towers, less will be power transmitted by your cell phone Safety Limits – Proximity devices Device FCC /OSHA Typical Comment Cell phone / mobile phone / PDA / Scanner 1.6 W/kg over 1 gram of body mass, 4 W near hands, wrists, feet and ankles 0.1mW to 0.5W at the handset 0.5 W if user is at edge of the cell, 0.1mW if user is near a cell tower +
  • 46.  
  • 47.  
  • 48.  
  • 49.  
  • 50.
  • 51.  
  • 52.
  • 53.  
  • 54.
  • 55. Cell Phone EMF Radiation Detector Cell Phone & Small Appliance EMF Anti-Radiation Protector Strip Cell-Shield Cell Phone Case with Radiation Shield (Model A) Cell Phone Radiation Shield - Anti-Radiation Shield Sticker for Cellular Phones RF3 ENVi Natural Wood Stereo Earbud Cell Phone Headset with 3.5 mm Jack Airtube Wireless "Single" Ear Hook Headphone Radiation Free Fits Both 2.5mm and 3.5mm Jack , Compatible with Ipod, Iphone & Blackberry and All Cellphones with 2.5mm and 3.5mm Jack
  • 56.

Editor's Notes

  1. can also lead to neck ache and pain in the ear
  2. If possible, switch off the phone when the signal strength is poor.
  3. can cause sleep disorder, headaches and other problems in the long run.
  4. Not more than 3 min and at least 15 min break b/w calls